Ehe ikintu ata n’umwe akubwira imbere y’igihe: gutoraUburyo bwo kubika inguvusi nk’uguhitamwo imodoka aho ushobora kugerageza gutwara bakeyi ukajana n’amara yawe. Ivyo biti biratandukanye. Bifate nabi kandi uriko uraraba itunga ryacitse intege, inzozi mbi z'ibikorwa, canke bibi kuruta-imirongo idashobora gutanga igihe uyikeneye cane.
Narabonye abarongozi b’ibibanza bababara cane kubera iyo ngingo mu mezi menshi. Kandi mu vy’ukuri? Bakwiye kubigira.
Ivy'ishimikiro Nta n'umwe ashaka kwumva
Ububiko bw’inguvu bumanuka ku ntumbero y’ishimikiro: ushaka uburemere bwinshi bw’inguvu, ubuzima buramba bw’ingendo, inyishu yihuta, ugushikama kw’ubushuhe, n’igiciro gito. Hitamwo bitatu vyose. Kumbure bine nimba ufise amahirwe. Bose batanu? Ntibiriko biraba-nibura ntibirashika. Ico gikoresho gusa nticashitse ku vyipfuzo vyacu, naho nyene litiyumu iron phosphate iriko irakora cane muri iyi misi.
Igituma ivyo bigorana ni uko ibikorwa bitandukanye bisaba ibintu bitandukanye cane n’uburyo bwo kubika. Ikigo c'amakuru gikeneye iminota cumi n'itanu y'amashanyarazi y'ikiraro mu gihe c'uguhagarara ntikiriko kiragura mu nzira imwe n'igikorwa co gucukura amabuye y'agaciro kiri kure gikora vyose bitari muri -umurongo. Ikigo c'amakuru gishaka ibihe vy'inyishu vy'amamilisegonda n'ukwizigirwa gushitse-bazoriha hafi ikintu cose kubera ivyo vyemezo. Ico kibanza c'ubucukuzi gikeneye ububiko bwinshi, kumbure imisi, kandi bitwararika cane igiciro cose c'ubunywanyi kuko bariko bararungika dizeli hagati -y'-ahantu ataho ku bici- ro vy'inyenyeri. Urugero rumwe rw’ubuhinga, ibisobanuro bitandukanye rwose. Aho ni ho ingingo nyinshi zo kugura zija ku ruhande.
Rero reka ivyo tubice mu vyo mu vy’ukuri bihambaye.
Uruzitiro-Ibikoresho vy'urugero
Ku rugero rw’ubuhinga, amazi akoreshwa n’amazi aracari ahambaye mu bushobozi bwo gushirwaho kw’isi yose. Ni ubuhinga bwa kera-ivyo twabikora kuva mu myaka ya 1890-ariko bikora neza cane ku bijanye n'ububiko bwinshi bupimwa mu masaha ya gigawatt-. Ico ufata kiragaragara: ukeneye igihugu kidasanzwe. Ivyumba bibiri biri ku burebure butandukanye, ubutaka buhambaye, kandi uko bigenda birarushiriza, urakeneye uruhusha rwo kubungabunga ibidukikije rushobora gutwara imyaka cumi kugira ngo ruronke. Si vy’ukuri uburyo bwo gukoresha vyihuse.
Ububiko bw’inguvu z’umuyaga ufise ikibanza kidasanzwe co hagati. Mu vyiyumviro vyiza, mu bikorwa biragoye. Mu vy'ukuri uriko urakoresha umuyagankuba kugira ngo ushire umuyaga mu binogo vyo munsi y'ubutaka-ibinogo vy'umunyu bikora neza cane kuri ivyo-hanyuma ukabirekura biciye mu bikoresho vy'umuyagankuba iyo ukeneye gusubirana umuyagankuba. Ubushobozi bwo gukora urugendo rw'inyuma-bugenda buri hagati ya 40-70% bivanye n'uko uriko urafata ubushuhe butari bwo. Ico kinogo c’ubushobozi kirababaza abahinga, mugabo ubwo buhinga burafise akamaro nyakuri ku bibanza bimwebimwe vy’ubutaka.
Aho amabateri yahinduye vyose
Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z'amabateri-BESS mu rurimi rw'inganda-bwarateye imbere cane mu myaka cumi iheze. Lithium-ion chemistry yatumye ibiciro bigabanuka nk'ibice 90% hagati ya 2010 na 2023. Ivyo si ikosa ryo kwandika. Ivyigwa vyari bitangaje, bikoreshwa canecane n’urugero rwo gukora imodoka zikoresha umuyagankuba. Mu buryo butunguranye, kubika amabateri vyaciye biba vyiza mu vy’ubutunzi ku bikorwa vyasa n’ibizimvye cane imyaka mikeyi imbere y’aho.
Muri litiyumu-iyoni, ufise amahitamwo. NMC-nikeli mangane kobalt-ipakira inguvu nyinshi mu kibanza gito. Ubwinshi bw'inguvu bisigura ibirenge bito, uburyo bworoshe. Ariko NMC itwara ingorane zo guhunga ubushuhe zisaba ko abahinga bitwararika cane. Umuriro ufata imitwe y’amakuru. Nta n’umwe yipfuza kuba iyo facilité ku makuru yo ku mugoroba.
LFP-litiyumu icuma fosifate-igurisha zimwe muri izo nguvu kugira ngo zigire umutekano n’ubuzima buramba. Nta cobalt bisigura ko ata mutwe w’uruhererekane rw’ugutanga ibikoresho n’ivy’ugutora ibikoresho vy’inyifato runtu bizoba bike. Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri birarushiriza gushikama; thermal runaway ni ikintu kigoye cane gutera. Ubuzima bw’ingendo burashika mu bihumbi vy’ingendo z’ugusohoka-imbere y’ugusenyuka kw’insiguro. Ku bikorwa bihagaze aho utariko uratwara amabateri, igihano c’uburemere kenshi ntaco kimaze. Ivyo birasigura igituma ibikorwa vyinshi vy’ubudandaji n’ivy’inganda biriko birakwegera LFP.
Inyuma ya-i-Ibikoresho vy'Imetero
Imbuga z’ubudandaji n’iz’inganda zivuga inkuru itandukanye.
Gushavura kw’isonga biguma ari vyo vyiyumviro vy’agaciro bigororotse kuruta ibindi vyose. Ibiciro vy'ibikorwa vy'amazi bishobora gusenyura amafaranga y'inguvu-turiko turavuga 30-50% vy'ibiciro vyose vy'ibikorwa bimwe bimwe. Bateri ifise ubunini bubereye irashaja mu masaha y’ijoro ryinshi, igasohoka mu masaha y’ijoro ryinshi, ivyo bikaba bituma izo nkuru zishika ku rugero rwo gucungera. Ivyo biharuro biragenda vyihuta bitangaje. Igihe co kwishura c’imyaka 3-5 si ikintu kidasanzwe, rimwe na rimwe kiraba kigufi bivanye n’imiterere y’ibiciro vyo mu karere. Wongereko ubufatanye bw’izuba ubutunzi burarushiriza gukwegera.
Ivyumba vy’ubuvuzi birahura n’ingorane zidasanzwe. Ubushobozi bwo gusubiza inyuma si ubusabe-bisabwa n'amategeko n'inyifato runtu. Amageneratore ya dizeli ya kera arashobora guhangana n’igihe kirekire, ariko amabateri aratanga ubushobozi bw’ikiraro ubwo nyene mu gihe c’uguhindura. Iyo masegonda makeyi irahambaye iyo uriko urakoresha ICU. Uburyo bw’ivy’ubuhinga bushasha-amabateri yo gusubiza vuba, amageneratore y’igihe-yacitse ikintu c’urugero rw’inganda.
Ibikorwa remezo vyo gushaja EV
Iyi yafashe amashirahamwe menshi y’ubuhinga. Ivyuma vyihuta bikoresha ubushobozi bwinshi cane-150kW, 350kW, bushobora kuba megawatt-mu gushaja amato y'ubudandaji. Gushiramwo ubwo bushobozi akenshi bisaba guhindura uruja n’uruza rw’amashanyarazi bizimvye: gusubirira ama transformateur, guhagarika ibikorwa bishasha, rimwe na rimwe gusa ama substations mashasha. Canke ushobora gukingira ivyo usaba n’ububiko bwo ku kibanza.
Ubuhinga bwa bateri burashaja buhoro buhoro buva ku nzira y’uruzitiro rutoyi, hanyuma bugatuma imodoka ziturika vyihuta. Utilities zirabikunda kuko nturiko urahingura ivyuma vyinshi vy’umuzigo. Abafise urubuga barabikunda kuko birinda ibiciro vyo gusubiramwo ibikorwa remezo vy'imibare itandatu-. Abantu bose baratsinda, benshi canke bake.
Ivy'ukuri vy'uruzitiro -
Imbuga zo kure zirerekana intege nke zose mu mahitamwo yawe y’ubuhinga. Nta n’akamaro ko gusubira inyuma. Nta muhinga w'ivy'ubuhinga yerekana uwo musi nyene-. Ivyo ushiramwo vyose bitegerezwa gukora, vyizigirwa, ataco bihinduye, bishoboka ko ari mu bihe vy’ubushuhe bukaze. Ibikorwa vyo kwimba amabuye y’agaciro mu buraruko bwa Canada bikorana n’imbeho zifise uburebure bwa -40. Ibibanza vy'ubwubatsi mu turere tw'ubugaragwa birashikirwa n'ubushuhe bushika kuri degre 50. Nta n’imwe muri izo nzira ari nziza ku ma bateri.
Ugucungera ubushuhe biraba ikintu gihambaye cane. Ivyiyumviro vya BESS vy’ubuhinga bwa none-wiyumvire ivyo gutwara-ibikoresho-bifise ubunini bw’ibikoresho vyuzuye amabateri n’ibikoresho vyose bifasha-mu bisanzwe birimwo uburyo bwo gukonjesha amazi. Bitunganya ubushuhe bwo mu mutima ata kuraba uko ibintu vyifashe hanze. Hariho ubuhinga bukora kuva kuri -20℃gushika kuri 50 degree, naho nyene gukora ku bipimo birengeje urugero bisaba guharura neza.
Microgrids zigereranya ikigeragezo c’iherezo. Amatara y’izuba, amatara y’umuyaga, kumbure umuyagankuba w’amazi wo gufasha, vyose bikaba vyatunganijwe biciye ku buryo buhambaye bwo kugenzura. Uburyo bwo kubika buratuma habaho uguhagarara kw’ibihe bishobora gusubirwamwo, buratanga incuro n’ubufasha bw’umuriro, kandi bugatuma umuntu ashobora gukora mu mazinga igihe bikenewe.
Bimeze gute ivyerekeye amabateri y’amazi?
Nzoba ndi remiss ntavuze amabateri y’amazi. Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bita vanadium, zinc{1}}bromine, n’ibindi bihimba bitandukanye vy’umubiri. Bibika inguvu mu binyabuzima bifise amazi bipompa biciye mu turemangingo tw’amashanyarazi. Inyungu nini: urashobora gupima ubushobozi bw’inguvu utajanye n’ububasha mu kwongerako gusa ibindi binogo vy’amazi. Igihe gipimwa mu masaha-atandatu, umunani, cumi n’abiri-kica gishoboka mu vy’ubutunzi mu buryo litiyumu-ion igorwa no guhura.
Iryo koraniro ntiryari bwashike ku kugabanya igiciro ca litiyumu-ion. Urugero rw’uguhingura ntabwo ruriho. Ariko ku bikorwa vyihariye bisaba ububiko bw'igihe kirekire-, amabateri y'amazi akwiye gusuzumwa cane. Ntubarukanwe mu vyiyumviro.
Gufata ingingo
Tangana n’ibisabwa vyo gusaba, ntutangure n’ubuhinga. Ni igihe kingana iki ukeneye-iminota, amasaha, imisi? Ni igihe ikihe co gusubiza gihambaye? Ni inzinguzingu zingahe ku musi, ku mwaka? Ni igiki kiguhagaritse umwanya? Ingingo y’imari yawe ni iyihe, yompi y’itunga n’iy’ibikorwa? Inyuma yo gukora ikarita y’ivyo bipimo ni ho gusa ushobora gutangura gusuzuma inyishu zidasanzwe.
Ivyemezo vy’umutekano birahambaye. Rondera uburyo bwageragejwe bujanye n'ingingo mfatirwako mpuzamakungu-IEC, UL, UN bisabwa mu bijanye n'ugutwara abantu n'ibintu. Uburyo bwo gukingira umuriro bushitse si ubw’uguhitamwo; ni ibiti vy’ameza. Uburyo butatu-bufise uburyo bwo kumenya, guhagarika, no gukingira bugereranya ubuhinga bwiza bwo muri iki gihe.
Ivyuma vy’ibikorwa na vyo nyene birahambaye. Kumbure birenze ivyo abantu babibona.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha amabateri bushizwe ahantu kure cane ni bwiza gusa nk’uko nyene bufasha mu kububungabunga. Mbega uwo mucuruzi yoshobora kuronka ibihimba n’abahinga ku rubuga rwawe mu kiringo gikwiriye? Mbega barafise ibibanza vy’ibikorwa vy’akarere canke vyose babirungika bivuye mu mahanga? Ivyo bibazo bimeze nk’ibiteye ubwoba gushika aho witegereza inverter yananiwe mu ndwi zitatu urindiriye uwundi.
Ugushiramwo ibintu bigoranye
Gushiramwo-na-gukina bivuga neza cane mu bikoresho vyo kwamamaza. Ukuri ni messier. Mbere n'ibikoresho vyateguwe mbere, bifise ibikoresho bisaba ubuhinga bwihariye: imishinge, amahuzu y'amashanyarazi, imirongo y'itumanaho, ubufatanye bw'ubugenzuzi. Ugukora nk'uruganda birafasha-bigabanya igihe co gukoresha cane-ariko umuntu aracari akeneye gutuma vyose bikorana ku rubuga rwawe.
Grid-uburyo buhuye bwongera uwundi murongo. Ibisabwa vyo guhuza ibikoresho bitandukanye bivanye n'ububasha. Hari uturere dusaba uruzitiro-gukora canke uruzitiro-rukurikira ubushobozi. Uburinzi bwo kurwanya-izinga. Ivyerekeye uburyo bw’ububasha. Kugira ngo ushobore gukurikirana ivyo bisabwa bisaba ubuhinga canke ubucuti bwiza cane n’umuhinga mu vy’amazi wo mu karere kawe.
Turaba imbere
Ivy’ubuhinga bwa none birabandanya guhinduka. Bateri za sodium-ion ziriko ziraseruka nk'izishobora gutera ingorane-nta ngorane zo gutanga litiyumu, zishobora kugabanya ibiciro, naho uburemere bw'inguvu buri inyuma. Bateri zikomeye-zisezerana umutekano mwinshi n'uburemere bw'inguvu, ariko gukora ku rugero rwo hejuru biracari bigoye. Uburyo bwo kubika ibintu bikoresheje uburemere buhambaye cane be n’ibinogo vy’amamine vyahebwe bimeze nk’ivy’ubuhinga bwa none, yamara hari imigambi myinshi y’ubudandaji iriko irategurwa.
Ububiko bw’ihydrogène burakwegera ishoramari ryinshi cane n’impaka mu rugero rungana. Gukoresha amashanyarazi ashobora gusubirwamwo arenze urugero kugira ngo umuntu akoreshe ihydrogène biciye mu gukoresha amashanyarazi, kuyabika, hanyuma akayahindura akagaruka mu muyagankuba biciye mu bikoresho vy’amavuta y’ibinyabiziga bitanga ubushobozi bwo kubika amashanyarazi ku rugero rw’ibihe-ata kindi gishobora guhura na co. Igihano c'urugendo rw'urugendo-ni gikomeye-kumbure 30-40% muri rusangi-ariko ku bikorwa bimwe bimwe, bishobora kuba ari vyo vyonyene bishoboka.
Nta na kimwe muri ivyo gituma ingingo yoroha, vy’ukuri. Ariko gutahura ubudandaji-nibura bigufasha guhitamwo neza aho gutekereza ku cizigiro. Ubuhinga bwo kubika inguvu bwashitse ku ntumbero y’uguhinduka nyakuri. Uburyo bwasa n’ubwo mu gihe kizoza mu myaka cumi iheze ubu buragaragazwa n’ubudandaji. Ikibazo si uko ububiko bufise insiguro-ku bikorwa vyinshi, buragenda buragira ico buvuze-ariko ni uburyo ubuhe buhuye neza n'ivyo urimwo.
Iyo nyishu, mu buryo bubabaje, ivana n’ukuntu ibintu vyifashe. Ariko ivyo mwari mubizi, si ko?