Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu-ibisubizo vy’uguhuza uruzitiro rw’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo bifashwa ahanini bigabanywamwo ubwoko bubiri: uguhuza AC n’uguhuza DC.
Umuti w’uguhuza AC mu buryo bumwe, nk’uko vyerekanwa ku gishushanyo, ni ibikoresho bihuye n’uruzitiro rw’inguvu z’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo-, nk’ibikoresho bihindura amashanyarazi canke ibikoresho bihindura amashanyarazi y’umuyaga, bihuzwa n’igihinduzi c’ububiko bw’inguvu (PCS) biciye ku ruzitiro rw’inguvu z’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo. Mu guhuza no kugenzura bimwe bimwe vya EMS, ikora ibikorwa nk’ugushavura isonga n’ukuzuza ibiyaya, gutuma ubuhanuzi bugenda neza, no gutuma ibintu bigenda neza.
Inyungu nyamukuru z’imigambi y’uguhuza AC mu buryo bumwe ni uguhuza amashanyarazi yoroshe kandi atomoye hagati y’ibikoresho, ugutandukanya ibikorwa, n’uguhuza ibikoresho vyoroshe n’imigenderanire yo kubikora; ingorane nyamukuru ni ibiciro vyinshi vy’imirongo n’ibikoresho bifatanye, umuvuduko w’inyishu y’ubugenzuzi wihuta cane usabwa kuri PCS, n’ubushobozi buke bwo guhindura inguvu nyinshi.
Ico gikorwa co gufatanya gishobora gukoresha neza uruja n’uruza rwa DC ruri mu mirongo myinshi y’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo-huye n’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo, rwongerako ata guca ku ruhande ibikoresho vyo kubika inguvu z’amabateri kugira ngo bigabanye uguhindura inguvu nyinshi z’inguvu zisubirwamwo. Ivyo bituma ubuhinga bwo gukorana n’uruzitiro rw’amazi n’ububiko bw’inguvu bugenda neza; kandi ikoresha ata guca ku ruhande ibikoresho biriho bihuye n’uruzitiro rw’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo-n’imirongo y’uruzitiro, bikaba bikuraho ivy’ukwagura ibikoresho vy’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo no kugabanya amafaranga yo gushiramwo ibikoresho. Ariko rero, hariho ugufatanya hagati y’uburyo bwo kugenzura n’ibikoresho biriho bifatanye n’uruzitiro rw’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo-, uburemere bwavyo buvana n’uburyo bwo kugenzura uruzitiro rw’inguvu zisubirwamwo z’intango.
Dufashe akarorero k'umurongo w'umuyaga w'inguvu wuzuye-uhuye nk'akarorero, nk'uko vyerekanwa ku gishushanyo, muri rusangi ni umubumbe wa AC-DC-AC "inyuma-ku-inyuma". Igihinduzi co ku ruhande rw’uruzitiro-gikora mu buryo bwo gutunganya umuriro wo ku ruhande rwa DC-, mu gihe igihinduzi co ku ruhande rw’umuyaga gikora mu buryo bwo kugenzura ubushobozi bw’umuyaga canke uburyo bwo kugenzura umuvuduko. Ivyo bibiri bitandukanijwe n’uruhande rwa DC kandi bigenzurwa vyigenga, banki nini y’ama capacitor ku ruhande rwa DC ikora nk’uburyo bwo gukingira no gukuraho. Rero, mu gufatanya ubushobozi bumwe bumwe bwa BESS n’uruhande rwa DC kugira ngo haboneke uburyo bwo kubika umuyaga n’inguvu, ubushobozi bw’uruzitiro-bufatanye n’umuyaga burashobora kugenzurwa neza kandi inguvu zishobora kwimurirwa mu gihe, ata ngaruka zikomeye zigira ku murongo w’umuyaga the especial wind.
Ingingo yayo y’ishimikiro y’ubugenzuzi ni iyi: Umugenzuzi wo mu karere ashiraho uburyo bwo gukora, nk’ugushavura kw’isonga no kwuzuza ikiyaya, gutuma ubuhanuzi bugenda neza, canke gutuma habaho ugusenyera, kandi agashiramwo amakuru y’ugutuma uruzitiro kugira ngo haboneke itegeko ry’intumbero ry’uruzitiro ryose-huye n’ubushobozi ∑P* ku bijanye n’umurongo w’umuyaga{at{1}ta igenzura ingufu zikoreshwa n'umuyaga P .NEn’imiterere y’uburyo bwo kubika inguvu mu gihe nyaco, kandi ibara neza kandi igatanga itegeko ry’ububiko bw’inguvu ryo gushaja no gukuraho itegeko ry’ubugenzuzi P*BESS:
BESS igenzura umuyaga biciye ku gikoresho gihindura DC/DC, ikurikirana P*BESSamategeko yo gushika ku kubika no kurekura inguvu hagati y’uruhande rwa DC rw’umuhinduzi w’umuyaga n’ibati; igihinduzi co ku ruhande rw'uruzitiro- gikora mu buryo bw'ugukosora, kigahagarika umuriro wo ku ruhande rwa DC Vde kugira ngo ushikire ubushobozi bwose bw'uruzitiro-huye n'ubushobozi ∑P bw'umuyaga:
Iyo SOC y’uburyo bwo kubika inguvu iri mu gihe c’ugushaja cane, umugenzuzi wo mu karere na we nyene arakeneye kugabanya itegeko ry’isohoka P* .NEy'umuyaga mu gutegura urutonde rw'umugenzuzi mukuru w'umuyaga, kugira ngo ushobore gutahura ubushobozi-bufise aho bugarukira bw'umuyaga.
Igishushanyo coroshe c’uburyo bwo kugenzura kirerekanwa ku gishushanyo. Vdcna Uuruzitiron’agaciro k’agaciro k’umuriro wo ku ruhande rwa DC-w’umuhinduzi w’umuyaga n’umuriro w’inzira y’uruzitiro, uko bigenda; JeweBEss, Idc, INE, na jeweuruzitirobihuye n’umuriro wo gushaja no gusohora umuriro w’uburyo bwo kubika inguvu, umuriro wa DC w’uruzitiro rw’umuyaga-uruhande rw’umuhinduzi (uva ku ruzitiro-uruhande rwa bisi capacitor banki uja ku ruhande rw’uruzitiro-umuhinduzi w’uruzitiro IGBT ukuboko kw’ikiraro), umuriro wa DC uva ku -uruzitiro rw’umuyaga}ne imashini-umuhinduzi w'uruhande IGBT ukuboko kw'ikiraro ku DC-umuduga w'umuyaga w'uruzitiro-uruzitiro rw'umuyaga-umuhinduzi w'uruhande (ni ukuvuga, uruzitiro rwose-ruhuye n'umuyaga-uburyo bwo kubika).
Ku bikoresho vy’umuyaga bikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba (DFIG), uburyo bwo gutanga umuyagankuba (PNE) igizwe n’inguvu zisohoka zo ku ruhande rwa rotor{0}}n’urwa stator-side, izo umugenzuzi wo mu karere ategerezwa kwitwararika neza igihe abara itegeko ry’inguvu ry’uburyo bwo kubika inguvu.
Bishobora kubonwa ko mu buryo bwo kubika umuyaga-, igihinduzi co ku ruhande rw’uruzitiro-n’igihinduzi co ku ruhande rw’umuriro -bigumya uburyo bwo kugenzura umuriro wo ku ruhande rwa DC- n’uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushobozi bwo ku ruhande rw’umuriro, ataco bisaba guhindura ku buryo bwo kugenzura. Ariko rero, kuronka ku gihe kandi ataco bihinduye amakuru yerekeye uko uburyo bwo kubika umuyaga-bumeze ni ikintu gihambaye cane ku mugenzuzi wo mu karere kugira ngo ashobore kugenzura mu buryo bumwe uburyo bwo kubika inguvu n’uburyo nyamukuru bwo kugenzura umuyaga.
Igishushanyo c'ubugenzuzi bw'ububiko bw'amashanyarazi y'umuyagankuba-bujanye n'umuyagankuba bwerekanwa ku gishushanyo. Iyi nzira y’ubugenzuzi ntaco ihindura ku mikorere y’umuhinduzi w’amashanyarazi, yama akora mu buryo bw’ububiko bw’inguvu bw’isonga-uburyo bw’umuzigo canke uburyo bw’ubushobozi bw’igihe gito-bugabanya. Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu, bufatanije n’umugenzuzi wo mu karere, bukora ivy’ugutunganya ubushobozi vyihuta kugira ngo bugumye ubushobozi buhuye n’uruzitiro-bw’uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z’amatara-mu rwego rw’ikosa ry’ubugenzuzi ryemewe.
Gufasha mu guhuza uruzitiro rw’inguvu nshasha ni ikintu gihambaye cane gikoreshwa muri BESS (Balanced Energy Storage System). Uvuye ku rugero rw’igihe co kugenzura, ivyo bishobora guca mu masaha y’isonga-kuzuza n’iminota-urugero rwo gutera imbere mu bijanye n’ukuri kw’ivyo bimenyetso no gutuma ibintu bihinduka bigenda neza. Irya mbere rikoresha ubushobozi bw'uruzitiro rwariho kugira ngo rishobore kwakira amasoko mashasha y'inguvu kandi rigabanya...
Gufasha guhuza uruzitiro rw’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo ni ikintu gihambaye cane co gukoresha mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwo kuzigama inguvu (BESS). Uvuye ku rugero rw’igihe, ivyo bishobora guca mu masaha y’isonga ry’ugushavura n’ukuzuza ikiyaya, n’ugutera imbere kw’urugero rw’iminota-mu bijanye n’ugutegura neza no gutuma ibintu bihinduka bigenda neza. Ica mbere ni ikintu gihambaye mu gukoresha neza ubushobozi bw’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo z’uruzitiro ruriho, kugabanya ububiko bw’inguvu zisanzwe, canke kwirinda kugabanya ingufu zishobora gusubirwamwo igihe kirekire. Ivyo vya nyuma, bifatanije n’ubuhinga bwo gutegekanya ivy’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo, biratuma habaho ugutegura no gutanga ubushobozi bwo guhuza ingufu zishobora gusubirwamwo, bituma uruzitiro rugira ubugenzi, kandi bikagabanya n’ugukoresha ibikoresho vyo gutegeka incuro zihuta vy’uruzitiro.
Mu migambi ikora, ibikorwa vyo gushavura no kwuzuza ibiyaya bisaba ubuhinga bwa BESS bushobora kubika canke kurekura amasaha menshi y’umuyagankuba, bikaba bisaba amabateri manini-y’ubushobozi. Mu mice y’ubudandaji iriho ubu, gukoresha gusa iyo nzira akenshi ntibitera ubutunzi, canke bizana ingorane nyinshi z’ugugabanya inyungu z’ubutunzi mu bihe. Ariko rero, kubera ugutera imbere gukomeza mu bijanye n’ugutegekanya neza ivy’uguhingura inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo be n’ubuhinga bwo kugenzura inguvu za BESS, birashoboka rwose gushiramwo ibikorwa vyo guhuza uruzitiro rw’inguvu zisubirwamwo zifashwa n’iminota-mu migambi yo gushavura no kwuzuza ibiyaya. Ivyo bituma umugambi ushobora gukora ibikorwa vyinshi birongowe n’umugenzuzi w’ivy’ubuzima canke umugenzuzi wo mu karere, haba mu gusangira umwanya- canke mu gihe kimwe, gutyo bikaba bituma umugambi ugira ubutunzi bwiza muri rusangi. Ikindi, turavye ubushobozi n’ubushobozi bisabwa kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gutuma ubuhanuzi bugenda neza kandi bube bwiza, vyinshi muri ivyo bikoresho birimwo ububiko bw’inguvu bw’ubwoko bw’ububiko bw’inguvu bw’ubushobozi buke-, ububiko bw’inguvu bw’incuro nyinshi-. Ku bw’ivyo, kwongerako izo nshingano birafise ingaruka zidakomeye cane ku mitunganyirize y’imigambi yo kwuzuza isonga-n’ivyo kwuzuza ibiyaya -iriho, bikaba bishoboka mu buryo bw’ubuhinga.