Gufasha guhuza urusobe rw'inguvu nshasha

 

Inguvu nshasha zikoreshwa, zigereranywa n’inguvu z’umuyaga n’iz’izuba, zigaragaza uguhinduka gukomeye kw’inguvu zisohoka n’ukudakeka. Ivyo bikoresho vyose bikoreshwa n’umuyaga n’izuba bishikirwa n’ibihe vyo mu karere, bikaba bishobora gutuma amashanyarazi ashobora gutera imbere canke akagabanuka, bikaba bitera ingorane incuro z’uguhuza amashanyarazi n’uruzitiro rw’amashanyarazi.

Kubera uguhinduka kw’ububasha n’ibiranga impedance y’uruzitiro bikomeye cane, mu bihe bisanzwe vy’uguhuza uruzitiro rw’uruzitiro runini canke ugusohoka kw’ububasha butari bwo, uguhinduka kw’ububasha birashobora kubaho, bikajana ku bibazo vy’ugushikama kw’uruzitiro. Ivyo bigira ingaruka ku muzigo no ku mikorere y’uburyo bushasha bwo gutanga inguvu butegekanijwe mu karere kanini, bikaba bisaba ubushobozi buhagije bwo kubika mu buryo kugira ngo ntihagire ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo gushiramwo inkomoko nshasha z’inguvu, ivyo bikaba ari ngirakamaro kugira ngo umuntu ashike ku ntumbero n’ubutunzi.

Ugushiramwo ububiko bw'inguvu n'inkomoko nshasha z'inguvu ahanini vyibanda ku bintu bitatu: Ubwa mbere, mu kurekura imizigo y'urugero rw'uruzitiro mu bihe bigufi, bishoboza ugutunganya urugero rw'uruzitiro rw'inguvu mu minota 10-, bikagabanya ubushobozi bw'uruzitiro rw'uruzitiro rw'igihe gito gufatanya n’inkomoko nshasha z’inguvu. Ubwa kabiri, mu gutegura imigambi y’urugero rw’iminota-irimwo ivyitegererezo bishasha vy’inguvu zisohoka, kandi ishingiye ku vyitegererezo vy’inguvu z’igihe gito-imbere, bishiramwo neza inkomoko nshasha z’inguvu mu vyitegererezo vy’inguvu z’igihe gito cane. Ivyo bituma ibikoresho bitandukanye bitanga amashanyarazi bikora neza kandi bikaba bigenda neza, bikagabanya ivyifuzo vy’ibikoresho vyo gutegeka incuro zihuta, bituma ivyiyumviro vy’amashanyarazi bigenda neza kandi biguma bimeze neza, kandi bikaba bituma habaho uguhinduka kw’iminota -mu gihe nyaco mu bikoresho bishasha bitanga amashanyarazi, bikagabanya ingaruka zisanzwe z’ibikorwa bisanzwe.

Isonga ryo gushavura n'ukuzuza ikiyaya

Ugereranije n’inguvu zisanzwe, inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo zifise igipimo gito cane c’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho canke ibice vyazo. Dufashe akarere ka "Three Norths" k'igihugu canje nk'akarorero, hakurikijwe imibare y'ubutunzi bw'umuyaga, ubushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro wose w'itongo ry'umuyaga rirenga 60% vy'ubushobozi bwose bushizweho muri rusangi buri munsi ya 5%. Kugira ngo imirongo ikoreshwe neza, igenamigambi ry’ubushobozi bw’imirongo mu bisanzwe rigamije gushitsa 95% vy’ivyo umuyaga ukeneye canke 60% vy’ubushobozi bwose bushizweho bw’amatongo y’umuyaga. Ivyo birarushiriza kuba bibi ku bijanye n’amashanyarazi y’amatara. Rero, igice kinaka c’inguvu z’umuyaga kizogabanywa kubera ubushobozi bwo gutanga amakuru budahagije, kandi inguvu z’izuba zizogabanywa kubera ukudahuza kw’umuzigo (anti-peak-shaving characteristics).

Inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo, n’uguhinduka kwazo kw’igihe kirekire-ku masaha ku musi wose, n’ugushika kw’isaba ry’amashanyarazi ryinshi ku mugoroba (muri rusangi 7-10 PM), bizokwongereza ubushobozi bw’urwo rutonde bwo kuduga no kumanuka. Ku rundi ruhande, inguvu z’umuyaga akenshi zishika ku ntumbero yuzuye nko mu gicugu, igihe umuzigo uba uri hasi cane ku musi. Kugira rero ngo hakurweho ukudakeka mu gutegekanya ivy’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo, uruzitiro rw’inguvu n’ibikoresho bisanzwe bitanga inguvu bitegerezwa kwikorera ingorane zikomeye zijanye n’ugushavura kw’isonga ry’imbere.

Gushavura n’ukuzuza ikiyaya bikoresha igihe-uguhindura ibiranga ububiko bw’inguvu kugira ngo ubushobozi bwo gutanga umurongo bube bwinshi, bigabanye ivy’uguhuza n’imigenderanire y’umuzigo, kandi bigabanye ivyipfuzo vy’ubushobozi bwongerekanye n’ubugabanuka buva ku bikoresho bisanzwe bitanga inguvu.

Mu gucapura umurongo w’umuzigo watanzwe ku musi P_l n’umurongo w’umusaruro w’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo P_{NE}, turashobora kuronka umurongo w’umuzigo ungana n’umurongo wa nyuma ∑P_i, ni ukuvuga, ∑P_i=P_l - P_{NE}. Ariko rero, turavye urutonde rw’amategeko agenga umusaruro w’ibigo vy’amashanyarazi bisanzwe n’ibigo vy’amashanyarazi vy’isonga-vy’ugushavura, n’inguvu nyinshi P_L umurongo w’uguhuza w’akarere ushobora gutanga canke kuronka ku ruzitiro rw’inyuma, ingufu nyinshi cane P_{max} z’ibice vy’amashanyarazi-bihuye ni:

P_{ikirengeye}=μ(P_f + P_b + P_L) (3-3)

Hehe:

ahantu honyene uzosanga hanze y'urugo

 

 

• P_f-Inguvu nyinshi z'isohoka z'isonga-ibice vy'ugushavura;
• P_b-Igisubizo gitoyi c'ibice bidashobora kuja mu gushavura kw'isonga;
• μ-Ugutanga amakuru n'ugukora neza kw'uruzitiro.

Mu formule, C igereranya ubushobozi bwo gusohoka bw'isonga-igice co gushavura. Imigenderanire y’ububasha yerekanwa ku gishushanyo.

Inguvu nkeyi zikora P_{min} z'uruzitiro-ibice bihuye ni:

Mu kiringo c’umuzigo mutoyi cane t1–t2, ubushobozi bwo gutegeka bumanuka bubitswe n’ibice vy’ugushavura bisanzwe vy’isonga-ni ubushobozi burengeye ubw’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo P’_{NE} uruzitiro rushobora kwemera muri ico kiringo, ni ukuvuga, P’{NE}=P{_{4}} P{max} {{)min umusaruro w’umusi (ata kubika inguvu, ugutanga inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo mu kiringo ca t1–t2 bishobora gushikako gusa biciye mu kugabanya umuyaga/izuba).

Birashobora kubonwa ko ata kubika inguvu, inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo mu kiringo ca t1–t2 zishobora gusa kuba nke; ariko, n’ububiko bw’inguvu, gushaja mu gihe ca t1–t2 no gusohora mu gihe ca t3–t4 bihindura umurongo w’umuzigo ungana ∑P_i mu rutonde rwa P_{min} na P_{max}, kwirinda inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo zishobora gusohoka, ubushobozi bwo gusubiramwo, kugabanya ivyo uruzitiro rusaba ku bijanye n’ubushobozi bwo gucungera, no gutuma ubuhinga bwose bukora neza. Inguvu P_{BESS} ya BESS (Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu za bateri) ni:
P_{BESS}=uburebure ( P_{iminota} - ∑P_{iminota}, ∑P_{uburebure} - ∑P_{uburebure} ) (3-6)
Inguvu E_{BESS} za BESS ni:

E_{BESS}=max{ μ_c ∫{t1}^{t2} (P{iminota} - ∑P_i) dt , 1/μ_d ∫{t3}^{t4} (∑P_i - P{3}-max})

Hehe:

 

• μ_c -- Ubushobozi bwo gushaja bw'uburyo bwo kubika inguvu;
• μ_d -- Gusohora ubushobozi bw'uburyo bwo kubika inguvu.

Ubushakashatsi bundi mu buryo bwagutse bwerekana ko ku nsonga z’umuzigo n’ibiyaya bikunda kumara igihe kirekire, gutunganya uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z’ubushobozi bumwe bishobora kugabanya neza itandukaniro ry’isonga-ibiyaya, nk’uko vyerekanwa ku gishushanyo.

Urugero rwo gutera imbere rw'isonga ry'umuzigo-itandukaniro ry'ikiyaya ni:

• Aho P ._imaxni umuzigo munini cane witezwe;
• P_imaxni umuzigo mutoyi cane witezwe.

Uburyo bwo gutunganya uburyo bwo kubika inguvu burasa n’ubwo bwa kera kandi ntibuzosubirwamwo.

Kunoza ukuri kw'ubuhanuzi

Dushingiye kuri NBT32011-2013 "Ibisabwa mu buryo bw'ubuhinga bwo gutegekanya ubushobozi bw'ikigo c'amashanyarazi", ikosa ry'umuzi ry'ubuhanuzi bw'igihe gito -mu gihe c'ugutanga amashanyarazi y'ikigo c'amashanyarazi (hatarimwo ibihe bifise umusaruro muto than5h). kuba hejuru ya 80%; ikosa ry’umuzi ry’isaha ya kane y’ubuhanuzi bw’igihe gito cane rikwiye kuba riri munsi ya 0,1, kandi igitigiri c’abaheza mu kwezi gikwiye kuba kinini kuruta 85%.

Dushingiye ku "Ingingo z'agateganyo z'uburongozi bw'ubutegetsi bw'inguvu z'umuyaga n'imburi mbere y'igihe", ikosa ryinshi ry'umurongo w'ubutegetsi bw'umusi w'umuyaga ntirishobora kurenga 25%, ikosa ry'ubutegetsi bw'igihe nyaco-ntirishobora kurenga 15%, kandi umuzi w'ubutegetsi w'umusi w' kurusha 20%.

 

Ivyo bimenyetso vyose vy'igihe gito-n'ivy'igihe gito-bitanga amakuru y'igihe gito mu minota 15. Ku bw’ivyo, umusaruro w’inguvu nshasha urashobora gucagurwa no kugenzurwa mu bihe vy’iminota 15, hakaba ibice 96 vyo kugenzura umusi wose. Ikosa ry’ubugenzuzi ryemewe ry’umurongo ΔP rishirwaho rishingiye ku makosa menshi cane yemerewe mu mirongo y’ubuhinga y’ubuhanuzi bujanye n’ivyo. Nk’uko vyerekanwa ku gishushanyo 3-8, P(1) na Pe(2) ni agaciro k’inguvu kavuzwe mu gihe c’iminota 15 ya mbere n’iya kabiri, hakurikijwe, mu gihe AP ari uburebure bw’ikosa bwemerewe, bushizwe kuri 15% bw’ubushobozi bwashizweho bwo gutanga inguvu nshasha z’inguvu.

Igihe gito -ihinduka ry'inguvu nshasha zo gutanga amashanyarazi

Igihe gito-igipimo c'ihinduka ry'inguvu nshasha z'inguvu na co nyene gikwiye guhura n'ibisabwa vyo gushikama kw'inguvu. Imipaka y'uruzitiro rw'amashanyarazi y'ubu ku mpinduka y'inguvu zikora z'uruzitiro rushasha rw'inguvu-ruhuye n'amashanyarazi yerekanwa mu ndome iri musi.

Mu bikorwa vyo gutuma ingufu zishobora gusubirwamwo zigenda neza, BESS (Power Equipped Element System) ikoreshwa mu kubika no kurekura ingufu zishobora gusubirwamwo, igahagarika uguhinduka kw’inguvu ku rugero rw’umunota-mu nzira y’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo-ihuye. Ivyo bituma umusaruro P w’ububiko bw’inguvu PBEss (Power Element System) n’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo Pv (Power V) bihuye n’ibisabwa vy’ubuhinga vyavuzwe haruguru, igihe co kugenzura gishirwa ahanini ku munota 1. Ariko rero, bitandukanye n’ubuhinga bwo gupima ubuhanuzi bugenda neza, iyo nzira yibanda canecane ku guhinduka kw’ububasha bw’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo. Rero, mu guhitamwo ubushobozi bwihariye bwa BESS, inkomoko y’urugero rw’amakuru y’isesengura ry’imibare n’isesengura ry’ibishoboka izoba ari urugero rw’umunota-n’urugero rw’iminota 10-ihinduka ry’ububasha bukora bw’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo.

Igishushanyo c’ububasha n’ubushobozi bwa BESS gishobora kuguma gishingiye ku mibare y’ibishoboka y’ihinduka ry’inguvu rya kera be n’ihinduka ry’inguvu ry’urugero rwo gukoresha, rigamije gushitsa ibisabwa vyo gutuma inguvu zigenda neza mu bice 80% gushika ku 90%. Ivyo ntibizosubirwamwo ngaha. Kugira ngo urutonde rw’uguhinduka kw’ububasha ruhuye n’ibisabwa biri hejuru, hakoreshwa ubuhinga bubiri nyamukuru bwo kugenzura ububasha bwa BESS:

• Imwe ni uburyo bwo guhagarika uturongo-na-;
• Uwundi ni uburyo bwo kuyungurura low-pass.

Uturongo-ku-uburyo bwo guhagarika uturongo

 

Dufashe igiharuro nk’akarorero, igiharuro kirerekana ukugereranya gukomeye hagati y’inguvu nshasha zisohoka P ._ne(j) ku gihe j n’umusaruro wose hamwe P(J-n) mu minota 10 iheze. Birashobora kubonwa ko mu gihe (j-3), ni ukuvuga ihinduka hagati ya P(j-3) na P ._ne(j) ni co kinini kuruta ibindi vyose, kandi kirenze iminota 10. Ivyo bigereranywa vyerekana ko △P .₁₀.

Kugira rero ngo umuntu ashike ku rugero rw’uguhinduka kw’ububasha mu minota 10, urutonde rw’isohoka rya BESS (ryiza ku bijanye no gushaja, ribi ku bijanye no gukuraho) ni:

Uburyo bwo kuyungurura buke -

 

Hashingiwe ku ngingo ngenderwako y’ukuyungurura mu gutunganya ikimenyetso, nk’uko vyerekanwa ku gishushanyo, akayunguruzo k’inzira y’inyuma-katuma ikimenyetso c’isohoka kigenda neza mu kwongerako canke gukurako uburemere bw’ikimenyetso c’injiza. Na vyo nyene, ukuronka BESS bizotuma kandi habaho uguhinduka kw’inguvu z’isohoka ry’inguvu nshasha biciye mu kugenzura uko zishaja n’izisohoka, kugira ngo zishobore gushitsa ibisabwa vy’ubuhinga bibereye.

Agaciro k'uruzitiro rwose -ubushobozi buhuye ∑P\\sum P∑P butangwa na:

Gutandukanya amakuru, aho t ari igihe co kugenzura, maze dufate umunota 1:

∑P(j)=(τ/(τ + t)) * ∑P(j-1) + (t/(τ + t)) * P_ne(j)

Hatanzwe ∑P(j)=P_ne(j) - P_bess(j)

P_bess(j)=(τ / (τ + t)) * (P_ne(j) - ∑P(j-1))

P_bess(j)=(τ / (τ + t)) * (∑P(j) - ∑P(j-1))

Dushingiye ku bisabwa mu buhinga bwo guhindura ubushobozi bw'uruzitiro-huye, umunota-urugero rw'uguhinduka rwa ∑P(j)rugomba guhazwa:

|∑P(j) - ∑P(j-1)| Muto canke bingana na min (ΔP_i, 0.1 P_0)

Gusubirira uburyo bwo kubara kuri P ._Bess(j) turonka: