Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu mu bikoresho bushiramwo amabateri, inverters, ubushuhe, n’ibikoresho vyo kwirinda mu bikoresho bisanzwe vyo gutwara ibintu (mu bisanzwe 20ft canke 40ft). Uburyo bubereye buvana n’ibintu bitatu: ubushobozi bwawe bw’inguvu (bupimwa mu kWh canke MWh), igihe co gusohora (2-8+ amasaha), n’ubwoko bw’ugukoresha (ugushavura kw’isonga ry’ubudandaji, ugushiramwo ibintu bishobora gusubirwamwo, canke ubushobozi bwo gusubiza inyuma). Uburyo buva ku 300 kWh ku bibanza bitobito vy’ubudandaji gushika ku 8 MWh ku migambi y’urugero rw’ubuhinga-, n’ibiciro biri hagati y’amadolari 400-800 ku kWh bivanye n’ibisobanuro n’urugero rw’ugushiramwo.
Gutahura ibisabwa ku rugero rwa sisitemu
Guhuza ubunini bw’ibikoresho n’inguvu zikenewe bitangura no kubara ivyo ukeneye vy’ukuri aho kugura ushingiye ku vyiyumviro. Isoko ry’ububiko bw’inguvu mu bikoresho ryashitse ku madolari 9,33 miliyaridi mu 2024 kandi rirabandanya kwaguka ku rugero rwa 20,9% ku mwaka, yamara rero, ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa zirananirwa kubera ubunini butabereye.
Ubushobozi bw’inguvu ni bwo bugena umuyagankuba urutonde rwawe rubika, rupimwa mu kilowatt-amasaha (kWh) canke megawatt-amasaha (MWh). Ubuhinga bwa 1 MWh bubika inguvu zihagije zo guha amashanyarazi amazu agera ku 300 mu gihe c’isaha imwe. Inguvu zikoreshwa, zipimwa mu kilowati (kW) canke mu megawati (MW), zirerekana ingene izo nguvu zishobora gusohoka ningoga.
Ibikoresho vy'amafuti 20inzu 300 kWh gushika kuri 1 MWh y’ubushobozi bwo kubika. Ivyo bikoresho vyo kubika inguvu mu bikoresho bihuye n’ibikorwa vy’ubudandaji bitobito canke bikomeye, ibibanza vyo gushaja EV, n’imigambi ishobora gusubirwamwo. Ivyuma vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’amafuti 20 bishika ku buremere bw’inguvu bwa 541 kWh/m2 mu migero y’ubuhinga bwa none nk’ubuhinga bwa Envision bwa 8 MWh bwatangujwe muri Nzero 2024. Ariko rero, ibikoresho vyinshi vy’ubudandaji bikoresha ubuhinga bwa 500-750 kWh bufise ubushobozi bwa 250 kW3.
Ibikoresho vy'amafuti 40ishobora kwakira 1-3.5 MWh, ikoresha ibikorwa binini vy’inganda, amashirahamwe y’amazi, n’amatongo ashobora gusubirwamwo ku rugero rw’uruzitiro. Uburebure bwongereweko buratuma habaho ibikoresho vyinshi vyo gushiramwo amabateri be n’uburyo bwo gucungera ubushuhe. Ubuhinga bwa CATL bwa Tianheng bupakira 6.25 MWh mu gitereko c’amafuti 40, bikongera uburemere bw’inguvu ku buringanire bw’ubutaka n’ibice 30% ugereranyije n’ibikoresho vyo mu 2023.
Uburyo ukoresha inguvu ku musi ku musi birerekana nimba ukeneye uburyo bumwe bwo kubika inguvu mu bikoresho canke ibice vyinshi. Igikoresho gikoresha 2.000 kWh mu masaha y’ijoro (2-7 PM) mu gihe gitanga 1.500 kWh kivuye ku zuba ryo hejuru y’urusengero gisaba ububiko kugira ngo gipfuke 500 kWh zikenewe hamwe n’ugutanga ubushobozi bwo gukingira. Kubera uburebure bw’amazi asohoka (mu bisanzwe 80-90% ku bikoresho vya litiyumu-ion), iki kigo gikeneye hafi 625-700 kWh z’ubushobozi bwo gushiramwo amazi mu gitereko kimwe c’amafuti 20.
Inguvu z’isonga zisaba guharura ingano zigoye. Iyo iyo nyubakwa nyene ikoresha imashini zikomeye zisaba 400 kW mu kanya nk’ako gukubita, ubuhinga bwo guhindura ubushobozi butegerezwa gukora uwo muzigo ata kuraba ubushobozi bwose bw’inguvu. Uburyo bufise ubushobozi bwa 250 kW ntibwohagije mbere n'ububiko buhagije bwa kWh, bikaba bisaba ko habaho inverter y'ubushobozi bwinshi- canke uburyo buhuye.
Ugushobora gutera imbere birahambaye kuruta ubushobozi bwo mu ntango bwo gukura ibikorwa. Uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa mu bice-gutangura n'igikoresho kimwe c'amafuti 20 no kwongerako ibikoresho uko ingufu zikeneye kwaguka. Ivyuma vy’izuba vyo muri California bikunda gutangura n’ibikoresho bibiri vy’amashanyarazi 2 MWh bikagera ku 10 MWh mu kwongerako amashanyarazi mu mezi 18, hakurikijwe amakuru y’ugushiraho amashanyarazi yo mu 2023. Ubwo buryo buragabanya amafaranga akoreshwa imbere y’igihe mu gihe buguma buhinduranya.
Intambamyi z'ikibanza zigira ico zikoze ku guhitamwo ibikoresho bitandukanye n'inguvu zikenewe. Ivyumba vy’ubudandaji vyo mu bisagara bifise ibirenge bike birangukira ku bikoresho vy’uburemere bwinshi - vy’amafuti 40 mbere n’igihe ibikoresho vy’amafuti 20 vyoshobora guhazwa n’ubushobozi busabwa. Igikoresho kimwe c’amashanyarazi 2,5 MWh / 40ft gifata ahantu hato kandi gisaba ibikorwa remezo vy’amashanyarazi vyoroshe kuruta ibikoresho bine vy’amashanyarazi 625 kWh / 20ft bitanga ububiko bungana.
Igihe co gusohoka n'ugutunganya ibisabwa
Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu bukora intumbero zitandukanye bivanye n’igihe bushobora kuguma bufise inguvu zisohoka. Ico gihe co gusohoka gihindura cane cane imiterere y’imiterere n’ubutunzi.
Igihe gito (amasaha 2-4)systems ziruta izindi mu gutegeka incuro no gusubiza uruzitiro ubwo nyene. Ivyo bikoresho bisaba gucagura/gusohora vuba-rimwe na rimwe incuro amajana ku musi. Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu mu bikoresho vy’amasaha 2 bufise ubushobozi bwa MW 1 bubika inguvu 2 MWh, bugasohoka bushitse mu masaha abiri ku bushobozi bwose. Abakoresha uruzitiro barakoresha ivyo kugira ngo bafashe umuriro no gutuma incuro zihagarara, aho igihe co gusubiza gihambaye kuruta ubushobozi bwose bw’inguvu.
Igice c’ubushobozi bwa 1.000{6}}5.000 kWh carafashe umugabane munini w’isoko mu 2024, kirongowe n’iki kibanza ciza hagati y’igiciro n’ubuhinga. Ivyumba vy’ubudandaji bikoresha uburyo bw’amasaha 2-4 kugira ngo bigabanye amafaranga y’ivyo bisabwa, kubika amashanyarazi y’uruzitiro mu bihe vy’ijoro ($0.08/kWh) no gusohora amashanyarazi mu bihe vy’amadirisho y’ijoro ($0.25/kWh). Ikigo c’amakuru co muri Texas carashizeho igikoresho co gukoresha amashanyarazi 1 MWh mu masaha 72 mu kiringo c’izuba ryinshi mu ci co mu 2024, kugira ngo ntihagire amashanyarazi azima, ivyo bikaba vyari gutwara amamiliyoni.
Igihe gisanzwe (amasaha 4-8)ibereye igihe c'inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo-guhindura n'ububasha bwo gusubiza inyuma. Amatongo y’izuba muri California abika amasaha y’izuba yo mu gicugu ku bijanye n’ivyo umuntu akeneye cane ku mugoroba, bisaba ubushobozi bwo gusohora amasaha 6-8. Uburyo bw’amasaha 8- / 2 MW bukeneye 16 MWh y’ubushobozi bwa bateri-mu bisanzwe busaba ibikoresho 5-6 bimenyerewe canke ibikoresho 2-3 vy’uburemere bwinshi vy’amafuti 40.
Guhitamwo ubuhinga bwa shimi bwa bateri birahinduka bivanye n'igihe bisabwa. Bateri z’icuma ca litiyumu (LFP) ziganza amasaha 4-8 kubera ugushikama kw’ubushuhe n’ubuzima bw’ingendo 6.000-15.000. Ivyuma vya CATL bishasha bishika ku nzira 15.000 n’ubuzima bw’imyaka 25, bikagabanya igiciro co kubika n’ibice 25% ugereranyije n’ubuhinga bwo mu 2023. Bateri zigenda zitanga inyungu zirenga amasaha 8 ariko zitwara amahera menshi imbere-igihe co guca mu nzira gishika hafi y’amasaha 10 y’igihe co gusohoka.
Igihe kirekire (8+ Amasaha)sisitemu zifasha ama microgrids y'izinga n'imisi myinshi-ishobora gusubirwamwo. Ibikorwa vyo kwimba amabuye y’agaciro biri kure cane mu ntara ya Outback muri Australiya bikoresha ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi 2 MWh kugira ngo bishobore gusohoka amasaha 12, bikaguma bikora gushika mu masaha y’ijoro ata n’imwe ikoresha dizeli. Ivyo bikoresho bisaba ko umuntu atunganya neza ubuhinga bwo gucunga amabateri (BMS) kugira ngo ntiyononekare vuba kubera inzinguzingu zisohoka zikomeye.
Amabateri y'ubuzima bwa kabiri-ariko araseruka kubera ibikorwa vy'igihe kirekire-. Redwood Materials yatangaje mu mpera za 2024 ko amabateri yasubiwemwo ashobora guhangana n’ubutunzi bushasha bwa litiyumu-ion ku masaha 8+, naho igiciro c’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none kiguma ari kinini. Iyo sosiyete ivuga ko ibiciro vyashizweho biri munsi y’imirongo mishasha mu kiringo cose c’ubuzima iyo harimwo n’ingendo zo gusubirira amapaki.
Ubushobozi bw'urugendo rw'uruziga buragabanuka gatoyi n'igihe kirekire co gusohoka kubera ugutakaza ubushuhe n'ubushobozi bwo guhindura. Uburyo bw'amasaha 2-bushika ku 92-94% vy'ubushobozi, mu gihe uburyo bw'amasaha 8 bushobora gutanga 89-91%. Iryo tandukaniro ry’ibice 3-4% rifatanya n’ibihumbi vy’ingendo, rikagira ico rihinduye ku bukungu bw’igihe kirekire. Inganda zigendagenda ku musi ku musi mu myaka itanu zitakaza nk’ama MWh 150 y’inguvu zikoreshwa zivuye muri iyo nzira y’ubushobozi-ingana n’amadolari 30.000-45.000 ku bipimo bisanzwe vy’amashanyarazi.
Ugucungera ubushuhe bica biba ivy’agaciro kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gusohoka igihe kirekire. Ivyombo bikoreshwa mu bidukikije bifise ubushuhe bwa -20 degrees gushika kuri 45 degrees bikeneye ubuhinga bukomeye bwo gukoresha 3-8% vy’inguvu zose zikoreshwa. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha amazi mu bikoresho vy’agaciro kanini buragabanya iyo nkuru kugera kuri 2-4% mu gihe bwongera ubuzima bwa bateri mu kubungabunga ubushuhe bwiza bw’ibice vy’umubiri bugera kuri degre 20-30.
Ingero z'ubugoyagoye bwo kwinjiza
Uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho buza mu bice bitatu vy’ugushiramwo, kimwe cose kikaba kivuga ku bushobozi butandukanye bw’ubuhinga n’igihe c’imigambi.
Inyishu z'ishimikiro z'uruzitirogutanga imiterere y’ibikoresho n’ibikoresho vy’amabateri ata mirongo yuzuye. Ivyo bikoko bituma abahinga mu gukoranya ibintu bahitamwo ibihimba -amabateri bakunda ku mucuruzi umwe, inverters ku wundi, na porogarama ya BMS igenewe. Uruzitiro rw’amafuti 20 rufise ibikoresho bigura amadolari 15.000-30.000, rusaba abaguzi kuronka amabateri (amadolari 200.000-400.000 ku MWh 1 LFP), PCS (amadolari 50.000-80.000), ibikoresho vyo kuzimya umuriro (amadolari 30.000-500). (amadolari 40.000-70.000) ku giti cabo.
Ubu buryo burabereye abahinguzi bafise ubucuti bushingiye ku baguzi n'ubuhinga bwo mu nzu. Igihe co gushiramwo kigera ku ndwi 8-16 harimwo no gushiramwo ibice, kugerageza, no gutanga. Uguhinduranya bituma habaho ugukoresha neza ibintu vyihariye-nk'ibikoresho vy'ubuhinga buhambaye cane ku bikorwa vy'ububasha bwinshi canke gukonjesha kwihariye ku bihe bikomeye cane.
Uburyo buhurikiyemwo igice-harimwo amabateri, ibikoresho, gukonjesha, guzimya umuriro, n’ibindi bikoresho vy’ishimikiro, bikaba bisiga PCS na EMS guhitamwo ku baguzi. Ivyombo vya TLS Energy bifise igice-bifatanye bitanga uburyo bwo gukonjesha amabateri, ibikoresho vyo kuzimya umuriro, urumuri rwo mu mutima, n’uburyo bwo gutera ivu biteguriye ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’umukiriya-yatowe. Iyi ntunganyo iraringaniza uburyo bwo gukora n’uguhindura ibintu, cane cane iyo ukoresheje ibikorwa remezo vy’urubuga biriho.
Ingorane zo guhuza ziravyuka hagati y’ibikoresho vy’abahinguzi batandukanye. Uburyo bw’amabateri bw’Abashinwa bufatanijwe n’ibikoresho vy’i Buraya bihindura amabateri be n’ubuhinga bwo kugenzura ubuhinga bw’Abanyamerika bushobora kuba bufise amasezerano y’itumanaho adahuye bisaba ko umuntu akora porogarama zisanzwe. Abahinga mu gutanga ibikorwa basaba amadolari 150-250 kw’isaha kugira ngo bashobore gutorera umuti ingorane zo gukorana, bishobora kwongera amadolari 20.000-40.000 ku giciro c’umugambi.
Uburyo bwo gukina bushizwemwo -na-gushika n'ibice vyose -vyashizweho, vyageragejwe, kandi biteguriye guhuzwa n'uruzitiro. Igikoresho ca GE Vernova citwa RESTORE DC Block na Quantum 3 ca Wärtsilä ni akarorero k’ubu buryo-gukoresha amabuye y’umuyagankuba yuzuye afise amabateri, ama inverter, BMS, EMS, ugukonjesha, n’uguzimya umuriro. Ivyo bisubizo bigabanya igikorwa co ku rubuga kuva ku ndwi gushika ku misi.
Gushiramwo igikoresho c’amashanyarazi 1 MWh gifise ubushobozi bwose bisaba gusa gufatanya AC, gutera hasi, no gutegura ivy’itumanaho-mu bisanzwe amasaha 48-96 n’abakozi b’abantu 4-. Igiciro c’ivyo bikoresho kiri hejuru y’ibice 15-25% vy’imirongo y’ubuhinga, bikaba vyemezwa n’ugukoreshwa vyihuta be n’ugukingira garanti y’umucuruzi umwe.
Itangazo rya GE Vernova muri Nzero 2024 ryashimikiye cane ku mutekano wo kuri internet mu mirongo yuzuye, rikaba ryarafashije mu gutorera umuti ikibazo kiriko kirakura. Uburyo bwo kugenzura bwakozwe n’i Buraya-buhuye n’ibisabwa bikomeye vyo kurinda amakuru kuruta ubundi buryo bwo muri Aziya, bikaba bigira ico bikoze ku ngingo z’amasoko y’imigambi y’ibikorwa remezo bihambaye. Umugambi wo muri Tayiwani wahisemwo ibikoresho vya Saft Intensium-Shift bimwe bimwe bivuye ku vyemezo vy'umutekano wo kuri interineti "vyakozwe-mu-Uburayi.
Imiterere y'igarantiya iratandukanye cane ku nzego z'ubufatanye. Inzitiro z'ishimikiro zitwara ubupfukisho buke-imiterere y'ibikoresho gusa. Uburyo buhurikiye hamwe bufise igice c'ibanga ry'amabateri (mu bisanzwe imyaka 10 canke inzinguzingu 6.000) ariko ntibushiramwo ibibazo vy'ubufatanye hagati y'ibice biva ku baguzi batandukanye. Inyishu zihuriweko zitanga garanti zishitse zipfutse uburyo bwose, naho nyene ibirego bishobora kugorana n’urutoke-rwerekana hagati y’abaguzi b’abakozi.
Ivyiyumviro vyerekeye umutekano n'ukwikingira umuriro
Ubushuhe buhunga mu mabati ya litiyumu-ion butera ingorane nyamukuru y'umutekano mu kubika mu bikoresho. Hagati y’umwaka wa 2017-2019, Koreya y’Epfo yarashikiwe n’imiriro ikomeye 23 ya BESS, ikaba yahomvye amadolari arenga miliyoni 32. Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu mu bikoresho vyo muri iki gihe burashiramwo ibintu vyinshi vyo kwikingira kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kwirinda no gukingira ibintu bishobora gushika.
Ubu uburyo bwo kumenya umuriro buragenzura ku rugero rw'uburebure bw'ibice- aho ku rugero rw'igitereko-, bukamenya ingorane imbere y'uko ubushuhe bugenda burakwiragira. Ivyuma vyinshi-bimenya ubushuhe butari bwo (ugukevya kwa degre 0,5), ibice vy'umwotsi, n'ibintu biva mu gazi biranga ingingo zidakora neza. Umuriro wadutse mu kibanza ca Victoria, muri Australiya muri Myandagaro 2021 wasavye imisi itatu kugira ngo uzimye kuko abazimya umuriro bashobora gusa gukonjesha hanze y’ibikoresho-ikintu c’amatoni 13 cariko kirasha imbere mu gikoresho c’amametero 15 gipfutse.
Uburyo bwo guhagarika gazi buravyishura mu masegonda makeyi gusa bumenyekanye. FM-200 na Novec 1230 zica zikuraho umwuka w’ikirere (oxygène) mu bice vy’amabateri mu gihe ziguma zitekanye ku bikoresho. Izo nzira zongera amadolari 30.000-50.000 ku bikoresho vy’amafuti 20 n’amadolari 60.000-90.000 ku bikoresho vy’amafuti 40. Intara zimwe zimwe zitegeka ko hakoreshwa ubuhinga bubiri bufatanya gazi n’amazi, ivyo bikaba bituma habaho amahera menshi.
Ugucungera ubushuhe birakingira neza umuriro kuruta uko uburyo bwo kuwuzimya buwurimwo. Gukonjesha amazi bigumya ubushuhe bw’ingingo mu bipimo vya degre 2-3 ugereranyije n’uguhinduka kwa degre 8-10 mu bikoresho bikonjeshwa n’umuyaga-. Ukwo gukora neza gutuma bateri imara igihe kirekire n’ibice 25-40% mu gihe igabanura ubushuhe butera gusenyuka. Igikoresho ca SVOLT gikonjeshwa n’amazi c’amashanyarazi 6.9 MWh gikoresha ubuhinga bwa CTR buca ibice 15% kandi kikazigama umwanya 20% ugereranije n’ubuhinga busanzwe bukoreshwa n’umuyaga 5 MWh.
Ivyo guturika bikingira ubutungane bw’imiterere y’ibikoresho mu gihe c’ibintu vy’ubushuhe. Ivyuma vy’ugufasha umuvuduko-bifungurwa ku bipimo vyategekanijwe (mu bisanzwe 0.5-1.0 psi), bikazana imyuka ishushe hejuru canke ku ruhande kure y’aho abakozi bakorera. Amategeko agenga umuriro yo muri California asaba ko amazu y’impwemu ashobora gusohoka araba kure y’inyubakwa n’imirongo y’ibintu, ivyo bikaba bibuza gushiramwo ibikoresho ku bibanza vy’ibisagara vyuzuye abantu.
Urugero rwa Cell-gukoranya bibuza gusenyuka kw'imirongo ya bateri. Iyo ingingo imwe ipfuye, amafuzi arayitandukanya n’izindi ngingo ziri hafi imbere y’uko inguvu z’ubushuhe zikwiragira. Iyi filozofiya y’uguhingura-ifata ingingo nk’izikoreshwa mu kurinda urutonde-itandukanye n’uburyo bwa kera bwo kugerageza kurinda ingingo yose. Utugingo ngengabuzima tumwe gusa twananiwe mu gitereko c’utugingo ngengabuzima 3.000 tugura amadolari 80-150 kugira ngo tugisubirize ugereranije n’uguhomba kw’agahomerabunwa iyo ukunanirwa gukwiragiye.
Ivyagezwe vy'icemezo biragora amasoko mpuzamakungu. Igerageza rya UL 9540A (US) risaba igerageza ry’ugukwiragira kw’ubushuhe ry’urugero rwuzuye-mu bihe bibi cane-. IEC 62933 (mpuzamakungu) na UN 38.3 (ivy’ugutwara abantu n’ibintu) vyongerako ibindi bisabwa. Ivyombo vyemewe ku bijanye n’ingingo ngenderwako zose zitatu bitwara amafaranga y’imbere y’igihe 8-12% ku bikoresho vy’ingingo ngenderwako imwe ariko bikorosha gukoreshwa kw’isi yose.
Abagira ubwishingizi bararushiriza gusuzuma neza ingene umuntu yokwikingira umuriro. Amategeko yerekeye ibikorwa vya BESS mu bisagara ubu akenshi arimwo ibisabwa ku: kumenya umuriro bigenzurwa, uburyo bwo kuzimya umuriro bwikora, gukurikirana kure 24/7, gusuzuma amashusho y’ubushuhe buri kwezi, n’urugendo rwo gutandukana n’ibibanza vy’abantu bifise amafuti 50{5}}. Ivyo bisabwa bisaba neza ko habaho uburyo bushitse bufise ivyiza vy’umutekano ku bibanza vy’agaciro kanini.
Isesengura ry'igiciro mu bwoko bwa sisitemu
Igiciro cose c’ubutunzi kirarenga ibikoresho vya mbere kugira ngo bishiremwo ugushiraho, ugutunganya, ubwishingizi, n’uguhagarika ibikorwa. Uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bushobora gutwara amadolari 800.000-1.1 miliyoni bushizweho bushitse kandi bugakoreshwa mu myaka 10.
Amafaranga y'Igihugu (CAPEX)kubera BESS iri mu bikoresho itandukanye cane n’ivyo ivuga. Amabateri ya litiyumu-ion yari afise amadolari 115/kWh mu 2024, agabanuka ku madolari 160/kWh mu 2022. Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu mu bikoresho vy’amazi 1 MWh bukoresheje amaselile ya LFP y’agaciro kanini ku madolari 130/kWh bugura amadolari 130.000 ku mabateri gusa. Wongereko PCS (amadolari 60.000-90.000), BMS (amadolari 25.000-40.000), gucunga ubushuhe (amadolari 50.000-80.000), guzimya umuriro (amadolari 35.000-55.000), n’imiterere y’ibikoresho (amadolari 40.000-55.000) Amadolari 340.000-455.000.
Ugushiramwo ubuhinga n’ugupima vyongera 25-40% ku biciro vy’ibice vy’ubuhinga bw’ishimikiro, 15-25% ku bikoresho vy’ubuhinga vy’ishimikiro, na 10-15% ku bikoresho vy’ubuhinga. Igiciro c’ibice vy’amadolari 450.000 kigera ku madolari 585.000-630.000 gishikirizwa ku nzira y’urufunguzo-canke amadolari 585-630/kWh ku gikoresho c’amashanyarazi 1 MWh.
Amafaranga yo gushiramwo ibintu ava cane cane ku mibereho y’aho hantu. Gushiramwo uruzitiro rworoshe-ruboshe ku bipande vya beton biteguwe n’ibikorwa vya AC biriho bitwara amadolari 40.000-70.000 ku gikoresho c’amafuti 20. Ivyuma bikomeye bisaba ama transformateur mashasha, ibikoresho vyo guhindura umuriro, gutera imigende canke gukomeza inyubakwa bishobora kurenga amadolari 150.000. Inganda imwe yo muri Louisiana yakoresheje amadolari 210.000 mu bikorwa vyo gukora BESS y’amadolari 480.000 kubera ko ibikorwa remezo vy’amashanyarazi vyari vyarashaje vyari bikeneye amadolari 140.000 yo gusubiramwo kugira ngo bishobore gukorana n’amashanyarazi agenda mu nzira zibiri.
Ibiciro vy'ibikorwakwirundanira mu buzima bwose bw’urutonde. Ugucungera ubushuhe bifata 2-8% vy’inguvu zose zikoreshwa bivanye n’ikirere n’ubuhinga bwo gukonjesha. Sisitemu ikoresha 300 MWh ku mwaka mu bihe vy’ubushuhe itakaza 9-24 MWh ku HVAC, igura amadolari 1.800-4.800 ku madolari 0.20/kWh.
Ivy’ugukingira ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu bikoresho vy’ibikoresho bifata amadolari 8.000-15.000 ku mwaka ku bikoresho bitobito n’amadolari 20.000-40.000 ku bikoresho bikoreshwa n’amashanyarazi menshi. Igenzura rya buri kwezi risuzuma amahuza, amashusho y'ubushuhe ku bibanza bishushe, ibipimo vy'ubuzima bwa bateri, n'imikorere ya sisitemu yo gukonjesha. Gukurikirana kure bigabanya ivyipfuzo bimwebimwe vyo gusuzuma n’amaboko ariko ntibishobora gusubirira ibikorwa vyose vyo ku kibanza.
Ubwishingizi bw’uruzitiro-huye n’uruzitiro rwa BESS bugura 0.8-1.5% y’agaciro ka sisitemu ku mwaka bivanye n’uburyo bwo gukingira umuriro n’aho uri. Uburyo bw’amadolari 600.000 buriha amadolari 4.800-9.000/umwaka, vyose hamwe bikaba ari amadolari 48.000-90.000 mu myaka cumi. Imigambi ifise ivyiza vy’umutekano n’ugukurikirana kure ironka ibiciro vyiza-rimwe na rimwe 30-40% munsi y’amategeko asanzwe.
Amafaranga yinjiragusubiza inyuma ibiciro biciye mu buryo bwinshi. Gushavura ku rwego rwo hejuru bigabanya amafaranga y’ibikorwa vy’ubudandaji, mu bisanzwe bikazigama amadolari 30.000-80.000 ku mwaka ku bikoresho vya 1 MW. Uruganda rumwe rwo muri Michigan rwagabanyije ivyifuzo vy’amashanyarazi kuva kuri 2,1 MW gushika kuri 1,4 MW hakoreshejwe igikoresho c’amashanyarazi gifise ubushobozi bwa 700 kW / 2,8 MWh, bigabanya igiciro c’amashanyarazi ku mwaka n’amadolari 64.000-bishika ku myaka 4,2 yoroshe yo kwishura.
Inyungu z’ubukemurampaka bw’inguvu mu kugura bike no kugurisha vyinshi. Mu masoko afise itandukaniro ry’igiciro c’amadolari 0,15/kWh hagati y’igihe c’isonga n’igihe c’isonga, uburyo bugendagenda imisi 250 ku mwaka ku 80% y’uburebure bw’amazi asohoka butanga amadolari 30.000/umwaka ku bushobozi bwa MWh 1 (twiyumvira ko 90% y’ibikorwa vy’isonga {ffici}}p). Gufatanya ubukemurampaka n’ugugabanya amafaranga y’ugusaba bishobora gutuma umuntu ashobora kwishura imyaka 3-5 mu masoko meza.
Ivyishyurwa vy’ibikorwa vy’inyongera biva ku bakoresha uruja n’uruza rw’amazi bitanga inyungu z’inyongera. Amasezerano y’ugutegeka incuro ariha $5-15/kW-ukwezi ku bushobozi bwo kwishura. Uburyo bwa 1 MW / 2 MWh bwanditswe mw’isoko ry’amategeko rya PJM buronka amadolari 60.000-180.000 ku mwaka, naho nyene uguhinduka kw’amahera yinjira n’ibisabwa vyo gukora bisaba uburyo bwo kugenzura buteye imbere.
Ibiciro vyo gusenyuka bigabanya ubuzima bwiza bwa sisitemu kandi bikongera amahera yo gusubirira. Bateri za LFP zisenyuka 1.5-2.5% ku mwaka bivanye n’uburemere bw’ugutwara amagare n’uburyo bwo gucunga ubushuhe. Uburyo butangura ku bushobozi bukoreshwa bwa kWh 1.000 buragabanuka bukaja ku bushobozi bwa 850 kWh inyuma y’imyaka cumi-bugabanya ubushobozi bwo kwinjira n’ibice 15%. Gusubirira amabateri y’ubuzima hagati (umwaka wa 7-10) bitwara amadolari 150.000-250.000 ku nzira ya 1 MWh, bikaba bigira ingaruka ku bukungu bw’ubuzima.
Ugushiramwo uruzitiro n'uguhuza ibisabwa
Guhuza uburyo bwo kubika inguvu mu bikoresho n’amashanyarazi y’amazi birimwo ingorane z’ubuhinga n’amategeko zishobora kwongera igihe c’amezi 6-18 no kwongerako amadolari 50.000-200.000 y’amahera.
Ivyigwa vy’uguhuza ibintu bisuzuma nimba ibikorwa remezo vy’uruja n’uruza vyo mu karere bishobora kwakira uruja n’uruza rw’amashanyarazi rwo mu nzira zibiri. Ivyo gutanga ibifungurwa vyagenewe gukoreshwa mu bikorwa vy’uburaro vy’inzira imwe birarwana n’ububasha buhinduka buva ku gusohoka kwa BESS. Ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bisaba inyigisho z’ingaruka z’uruzitiro zitwara amadolari 10.000-40.000 ku bikoresho vyo kubika inguvu mu bikoresho biri munsi ya 2 MW n’amadolari 40.000-100,000+ ku bikoresho binini.
Ivyiza vy’ama transformateur kenshi biva ku nyigisho z’uguhuza. Inzu y’ubudandaji ifise umuhinduzi w’amashanyarazi w’amashanyarazi 500 kVA uhagije ku mizigo isanzwe yoshobora gukenera umurongo w’amashanyarazi w’amashanyarazi 1.000-1.500 kVA kugira ngo ifashe BESS y’amashanyarazi 1 MW. Gusubirira transformateur bitwara amadolari 80.000-150.000 harimwo ibikoresho, gushiramwo, n’uguhuza ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga. Ivyumba bimwe bimwe birinda iyo nzira mu kugabanya ibiciro vy’amahera/ibisohoka vya BESS, naho ivyo bigabanya akamaro ka sisitemu.
Ivyuma vy’uburemere bw’amashanyarazi bibuza BESS kwonona ugushikama kw’uruzitiro. Ivyunyuro vy’amajwi ($15.000-40.000) bisukura igisohoka c’umuhinduzi, mu gihe ibikoresho vyo gukosora ubushobozi ($8.000-20.000) bigumya umuriro w’uruzitiro. Ivyuma vy’amazi bigenda birushiriza gusaba ibikorwa vy’inverter biteye imbere harimwo n’ugufasha volt-VAR n’ubushobozi bwo gutwara incuro, bisaba ibigereranyo vya PCS vy’agaciro bigura 20-30% kuruta ibice vy’ishimikiro.
Igihe c'uruhusha rwo gukoresha kiratandukanye cane bivanye n'aho hantu. Muri Texas, uburyo bubereye bwemeza ubuhinga buboshe bw’uruzitiro buri munsi ya 2 MW mu misi 60-90. California na New York mu bisanzwe bisaba amezi 6-12 kugira ngo vyemezwe mbere n’ubuhinga busanzwe kubera ibikorwa remezo bishaje n’ibisabwa bikomeye. Abahinguzi barashiramwo ivyo bintu bidatomoye mu rutonde rw’imigambi no mu ntunganyo z’amahera.
Ibisabwa mu gupima uruja n’uruza rw’inguvu zija mu nzira zibiri vyongera amadolari 8.000-25.000 ku bikoresho vy’agaciro k’inyungu-bifise ukuri kw’ibice 0,2% canke birenze. Porogarama z’ugupima urusenga zisaba ibipimo bidasanzwe bikurikirana ibiva hanze n’ivyoherezwa hanze bitandukanye, mu gihe uruhara mw’isoko ry’ubudandaji ry’ingero rusaba gutanga raporo y’igihe nyaco-y’ugupima uburebure bw’amasegonda mu bihe vy’amasegonda 4. Ikigo kimwe gifise uruhara mu masoko y’inguvu n’ibindi bikorwa vy’inyongera vya ISO-NE carakoresheje amadolari 35.000 ku bijanye n’ugupima, guhanahana amakuru no gukorana n’amasoko.
Uburinzi bw’amazinga burabuza BESS gutanga inguvu ku bice vy’uruzitiro mu gihe amazi azimye, bikarinda abakozi bo ku murongo. Ivyuma birwanya -izinga ($5,000-15,000) bimenya ko uruzitiro rwacitse mu masegonda 2 maze bikatandukanya BESS. Sisitemu zitanga ubushobozi bwo gusubiza inyuma zikeneye ama switch yihindura ($12,000-30,000) atandukanya imizigo ihambaye mu gihe c’uguhagarara mu gihe zibuza gusubira inyuma kw’amashanyarazi.
Uguhuza uburinzi bituma BESS idashobora guhungabanya ibikoresho biriho bikoreshwa n’amashanyarazi menshi. Ivyuma vy’amazi bisaba inyigisho z’amakosa zigaragaza ko BESS itazobuza ama breaker n’ama fizi gukora neza. Izo nyigisho zitwara amadolari 8.000-25.000 kandi zishobora kugaragaza ivyiza bikenewe vyo guhindura ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none vyongera amadolari 15.000-60.000 ku mahera y’umugambi.
Guhindura ikirere n'ibidukikije
Ubushuhe burengeje urugero bwo gukoresha buratera ingorane uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho naho hariho inzugi zikomeye. Uburongozi bw’ubushuhe bugumya amabateri mu rugero rwiza rwa degre 15-35 ata kuraba uko ibintu vyifashe.
Ivyuma bishirwa mu karere ka Arctique birahura n’ingorane zidasanzwe. Ishirahamwe ry’ubucukuzi ry’amabuye y’agaciro mu buraruko bwa Canada rishiraho ibikoresho vy’amafuti 40 bifise ivyuma vy’inyongera vyo kwikingira n’ibibanza bishushe vy’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none. Iyo ubushuhe bwo mu karere bugabanutse bukagera kuri -40 degrees , ubuhinga bwa HVAC bukoresha 12-15% vy’inguvu zose gusa zigumya ubushuhe bwo mu mutima bwa degre 20. Ivyuma bishushanya amazi birazingira ibikoresho vy’amabateri, bikakura inguvu ziva ku ruzitiro canke ku mageneratore ya dizeli mu gihe c’imbeho nyinshi cane.
Ivyo gushirwa mu bugaragwa birwanya ubushuhe burengeje urugero. Arizona utility-imigambi ubudasiba ibona 48-52 degre ubushuhe mu ci. Ivyuma bikonjeshwa n’umuyaga-birwanya hejuru ya degre 45 , bikaba bituma hakoreshwa ugukonjesha kw’amazi nk’uko bisanzwe aho gukoresha uburyo bwo gukonjesha. Ivyombo bikonjeshwa n’amazi-biguma bikora neza mu bihe vy’ubushuhe bwa degre 50 + mu gihe bikoresha gusa 4-6% vy’ubushobozi bwo gucungera ubushuhe ugereranije n’10-14% ku bikoresho bikonjeshwa n’umuyaga bigoranye.
Gucungera ubukonje birabuza amazi y’umuyaga ashobora kwonona amahuzu no kwonona ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none. Ivyuma bishirwa ku nkengera y’ikiyaga bigumya ubukonje bugera kuri 30-50% hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bikura ubukonje. Umugambi wo muri Floride hafi y’amazi y’umunyu, mu ntango warashikiwe n’ugusenyuka kw’ibipande vy’amabisi be n’ibihuza ibibanza vy’indege mu mezi 18. Ivyuma vyahinduwe, ivy’ugucungera ubukonje be n’ivy’ugupfuka ibintu bihuye n’ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none vyatorera umuti ingorane ariko vyongera amadolari 42.000 ku giciro c’ivyo bikoresho.
Gushiraho uburebure bwinshi-bigabanya ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha. Ku burebure bwa metero 2,000+, uburemere bw’umuyaga buragabanuka 20-25%, bikaba bihatira ubuhinga bwa HVAC kwimurira uburemere bwinshi kugira ngo bukonjeshe bingana. Igikoresho co gukiniramwo ski co muri Colorado casaba 40% vy’umuyaga-urengeje urugero ugereranyije n’ivyo mu kiyaga, ivyo bikaba vyarongeyeko amadolari 18.000 ku ngengo y’imari y’ibikoresho vy’amakontineri vy’ama kWh 500.
Ibisabwa mu bijanye n’imitingito mu bice vy’umutingito bisaba gukomeza imibumbe no guhuza ibintu bishobora guhinduka. Ivyuma vyo muri California bikurikira igice ca 13 ca CBC ku bihimba bitagira imibumbe, bisaba ko ibikoresho bishirwa ku ntumbero kugira ngo bishobore kwihuta ku ruhande 1.0g+. Ivyo gukingira umutingito vyongera amadolari 8.000-20.000 ku gikoresho kimwekimwe cose bivanye n’ingene umushinge uteye be n’ubuhinga bwo mu karere.
Ugukingira uburozi mu bidukikije vy’inganda bifise imiti bisaba ko habaho ivyuma n’ibikoresho vy’umwihariko. Ishirahamwe ry’ubuhinga bwa peteroli ryahisemwo ivyuma bitagira ibara aho gukoresha ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama ku bijanye n’inyuma y’ibikoresho, vyemera 25% vy’amahera y’imbere y’igihe kubera 20+ imyaka yo kumara mu kirere gishobora gusenyuka. Ivyuma vyo mu nzu vyaronse ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama bishobora guhangana n’ivyuma vy’ihydrogène sulfure be n’ibindi biva mu nganda.
Gusuzuma ingorane z'umwuzure ni vyo bigena uko ibikoresho vyoshirwa n'ingero zo kubikingira. Ibibanza biri mu biyaya vy’imyuzure vy’imyaka 100-bishobora gushira hejuru ibikoresho ku bibanza (vyongerako amadolari 30.000-60.000 ku kimwe cose) canke ibihimba bihambaye bitagira amazi. Ico kibanza kimwe co muri Mississippi caradugije ibikoresho bibiri vy’amafuti 40 ku metero 2,4 ku bibanza vy’amabuye y’agaciro ku madolari 85.000.
Ibisabwa vyo kwitaho n'ubuzima buramba bwa sisitemu
Urutonde rwo gusanasana rwategekanijwe rurinda ukunanirwa bitari bitezwe kandi rugatuma ubuzima bw’ubutunzi bumara igihe c’igarantiya. Gucungera -gusa bigabanya ukuboneka kwa sisitemu na 3-8% ku mwaka biciye mu guhagarara kutategekanijwe.
Igenzura rya buri kwezikugenzura amahuzu y’amashanyarazi, ubushobozi bw’ubushuhe, n’uburyo bwo kwirinda. Abahinga barasuzuma umuvuduko w’amabarabara y’ibisi (ugurekura biva ku nzira y’ubushuhe), bagasuzuma ibipfukisho vy’imiryango n’ivyo gukingira ibihe, bagapima ibimenyetso, bagasubiramwo ibitabo vy’imirongo y’ibinyabiziga kugira ngo bamenye ko ata bintu bitari vyo. Ivyuma bifata amashusho y’ubushuhe biragaragaza ibice bishushe biriko biratera imbere imbere y’uko bishika. Igenzura rimwe ryerekanye ko hariho uruja n’uruza rwa 400A rudakomeye rukora ku bushuhe bwa degre 15-gufata ivyo imbere y’uko rudakora neza rwabujije amadolari 40.000 yononeka n’igihe co guhagarara.
Igerageza ry’ubushobozi bwa bateri buri mezi 6-12 ripima ukuntu ryasenyutse kandi rikagaragaza ingingo zigoyagoya. Guharura kwa Coulomb gukurikirana inzinguzingu z’ugushaja/gusohoka ariko ntigushobora gupima ubushobozi bwose ata kugerageza gusohoka. Ivyumba bikora ivyigwa vy’ubushobozi buri myaka ibiri bifata imigenderanire y’ugusenyuka hakiri kare, bikasubirira imirongo idakora neza imbere y’uko ingorane z’amazi zishobora kwonona utugingo ngengabuzima turi hafi.
Gucungera uburyo bwo gukonjesha birimwo guhindura iyunguruzo (buri gatatu), gusuzuma urugero rw’amazi akonjesha (buri myaka ibiri), no gusuzuma amakompreseri (buri mwaka). HVAC itarengagijwe itera 40% vy’ibibazo vy’ukwizigirwa kwa BESS iri mu bikoresho hakurikijwe amakuru y’inganda. Uburyo bwakoreshejwe imyaka ibiri ata mpinduka z’iyunguruzo bwabonye ubushuhe bwo mu mutima buzamuka degre 8 hejuru y’uko bwategekanijwe, vyihuta gusenyuka kwa bateri no kugabanya ubuzima bwitezwe n’ibice 30 kw’ijana.
Ukwitaho cane buri mwakabirimwo guhindura porogaramu nkuru, kugenzura ivyerekeye, kugerageza ivy’ugutanga amakuru, no gukora imyimenyerezo y’ugucapura. Uburyo bwo kuzimya umuriro busaba gusuzumwa buri mwaka hakurikijwe ingingo za NFPA, gusuzuma ibimenyetso, umukazo w’ibikoresho, n’uburyo bwo kubikora. Kudashobora kubungabunga uburyo bwo guzimya umuriro bishobora gutuma ubwishingizi butagira ico bumaze-ikigo kimwe caratakaje ubwishingizi inyuma yo kubura isuzuma ribiri ry’umwaka ry’uburyo bwo guzimya umuriro.
Gukurikirana kure bigabanya igiciro c'urugendo mu gihe bishoboza kwitaho imbere y'igihe. Ivyuma bishingiye ku gicu-bikurikirana amajana y'ibipimo: umuriro w'ingingo z'umuntu ku giti ciwe, ubushuhe, uko umuriro uri, uko ubuzima buri, amateka y'ugutwara ikinga, n'ibintu bitera inkengeri. Ivyigwa vy’imashini bimenya uburyo bwo kwonona amezi 3-6 imbere y’uko bihungabana, bikaba vyemerera gufasha mu gihe c’uguhagarara aho gusanura vyihutirwa. Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu mu bikoresho vya none burarushiriza gushiramwo ubwo bushobozi bwo kugenzura bukoreshwa na AI nk’ibintu bisanzwe.
Gusubirira bateri bica biba vyiza mu vy’ubutunzi iyo ubushobozi bugabanutse ku 70-80% y’igipimo c’intango canke amafaranga yo kwinjira agabanutse munsi y’ibiciro vyo kuyibungabunga. Bateri za LFP zishika ku mpera-y'ubuzima ku 6.000-15.000 bivanye n'uburebure bw'ugusohoka n'ugucungera ubushuhe. Ubuhinga bugenda kabiri ku musi burashika ku nzira 14.600 mu myaka 20-yegeranya urugero rwo gusubirira mbere n’aho yoba afise utugingo ngengabuzima tw’agaciro kanini.
Ivyemezo vyo gusubira gutanga ubushobozi biraringaniza igiciro co gusubirira amabateri ($180-250/kWh ku mapaki mashasha) n’ugugura ubuhinga bushasha buhuriweko bungukirwa n’iterambere ry’ubuhinga. Ubuhinga bwo mu 2025 bushobora gutwara amadolari 550/kWh bushizweho bushitse, mu gihe ubuhinga bwo mu 2035 bwoshobora kugabanuka bukaja ku madolari 300-350/kWh bishingiye ku nzira z’ibiciro. Ivyumba biriko birazirikana gusubira gukoresha amashanyarazi mu 2028-2030 bishobora kurindira ubuhinga bushasha aho gushiramwo amabateri y’umwaka wa 2025.
Gukuraho ibikorwa no gusubira gukoresha ibintu bishasha ku mpera-y'ubuzima -bivyura ibibazo bijanye n'ibidukikije n'igiciro. Gusubira gukoresha amabateri ya litiyumu-ion bisubiza 85-95% vy’ibikoresho vy’agaciro (litiyumu, kobalti, nikele, umuringa) ariko bigura amadolari 0,50-1,50/lb. Igikoresho c’amashanyarazi 1 MWh gishobora gufata amabateri agera ku 18.000 lbs, bikaba bituma habaho amadolari 9.000-27.000 yo gusubira gukoresha. Amategeko ashobora gukura ashobora guhindura ivyo bihembo ku bahinga biciye mu migambi yagutse y’inshingano z’abahinguzi.
Isoko n'iterambere ry'ubuhinga
Isoko rya BESS ry’ibikoresho rikomeza guhinduka vyihuta bivuye ku kugabanya ibiciro, ku gutera imbere kw’uburemere, no kwagura ibikorwa.
Ugutera imbere kw’inguvu kwavuye kuri 3,35 MWh ku gikoresho c’amafuti 20 mu ntango za 2023 gushika kuri 5 MWh hagati -2023 na 6+ MWh mu mpera za 2024. utugingo ngengabuzima, utugingo ngengabuzima dufise ubushobozi bwinshi ubuhinga, ubuhinga bukomeye, n’imiterere myiza y’imbere. Ukwo kwongerekana kw’ubushobozi kw’ibice 140 kw’ijana mu mezi 18 kwabaye ata guhindura ingero z’inyuma.
Ugutera imbere kw'ubuhinga bw'ingingo butera inyungu z'uburemere. Abahinguzi b’amabateri bavuye ku 280 Ah (ivyari bisanzwe mu 2022-2023) baja ku 314 Ah, hanyuma 350 Ah, ubu na ho 700+ Ah manini-amaselile. Utugingo ngengabuzima tunini tugabanya uburemere bw’ibintu-utugingo ngengabuzima duke bisigura ko hariho uturongo duke two gufatanya, amawaya yoroshe, n’ukwizigirwa gukomeye. Ubuhinga bwa CATL bwa Tianheng bukoresha iyo ngingo ngenderwako y’amashanyarazi 6,25 MWh, bugashika ku 30% vy’uburemere bw’inguvu ku buringanire bw’ubutaka ugereranije n’ubuhinga bwa 2023.
Gukonjesha amazi kwakuyeho ugukonjesha umuyaga nk’ikigereranyo ku mirongo iri hejuru ya 1 MWh. Isoko ry’ububiko bw’inguvu z’ibikoresho vy’amazi-konjeshejwe ryashitse ku madolari 15 miliyaridi mu 2024 kandi ritegerezwa gushika ku madolari 45 miliyaridi mu 2030 ku 20% CAGR. Uburyo bw’amazi bugumya utugingo ngengabuzima mu bipimo vy’ubushuhe bwa degre 2-3 n’ubushuhe bwa degre 8-10 kugira ngo umuyaga ukonjeshe, bikongera ubuzima bwa bateri 25-40% kandi bigatuma habaho umutekano mwiza.
Ubwa kabiri-ubuzima bwa bateri buranyaruka uko amapaki ya EV ashika ku mpera y'ubuzima bw'imodoka. Redwood Materials yatanguje uburyo bwo gusubira gukoresha amabateri mu mpera za 2024, ivuga ko ishobora guhangana n’ibiciro bishasha vya litiyumu-ion ku bikorwa vy’amasaha 8+. Iyo sosiyete yarateguye "umuhinduzi w'isi yose" yemerera ubwoko bw'amabateri buvanze gukorana-ugutorera umuti ingorane y'ubufatanye yari yarabujije mbere gukoresha ubuzima bwa kabiri-ku rugero.
Bateri za sodium-ion zija mu kigeragezo c'ubudandaji kugira ngo zibe zibitswe ahantu hadahinduka. Naho uburemere bw’inguvu buguma 20-30% munsi ya litiyumu-ion, sodium-ion itanga inyungu: ibikoresho vyinshi (nta cobalt canke litiyumu), umutekano wongerekanye (nta bushuhe buhunga), n’ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukora neza mu bushuhe buke-. Abashinwa bakora ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none CATL na BYD bamenyesheje uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho vy’amazi vy’amazi (sodium-ion) mu mwaka w’2025 bizoshikirizwa amasoko ashobora gukoresha ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none.
Bateri zikomeye zisezerana 50-70% vy'inguvu nyinshi kurusha ubuhinga bwa litiyumu -ion. Ugucuruza bishobora gupakira 12-14 MWh mu bikoresho vy'amafuti 20 gushika mu 2028-2030. Ariko rero, ingorane zo guhingura n’ibiciro ubu biratuma ibikoresho bikomeye bishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo buto buto. Benshi mu baserukira amazi biteze ko amazi ya litiyumu-ion azoba ari yo ahambaye gushika mu 2030 ku bijanye n’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu bikoresho.
Ubwenge bukozwe n'abantu bushiramwo bituma sisitemu ikora neza. AI-uburyo bwo gucunga inguvu (EMS) buvuga imbere y’igihe ibiciro vy’inguvu, imiterere y’ikirere, n’ibisabwa kugira ngo ubutunzi bubone inyungu nyinshi. Igikoresho c’ubudandaji co muri California gikoresheje ubugenzuzi burongowe na AI-cashitse ku nyungu nyinshi 18% kuruta uburyo bushingiye ku mategeko-mu gutuma igihe co kwishura/gusohoka kigenda neza mu bijanye n’ubukemurampaka bw’inguvu, kugabanya ibiciro vy’ugusaba, n’amasoko y’ibikorwa vy’uruja n’uruza icarimwe.
Ugushiramwo imodoka-ku-uruzitiro (V2G) bihuza amato ya EV na BESS iri mu bikoresho kugira ngo ubushobozi bwaguke. Ishirahamwe ry’ivy’ubuhinga ryo muri New Jersey ryashizeho igikoresho c’amashanyarazi gifise ubushobozi bwa 750 kWh gifatanijwe n’ubushobozi bwa V2G bw’ibinyabiziga 50 vy’amashanyarazi, ivyo bikaba vyatumye habaho ububiko bw’amashanyarazi 1,5 MWh. Uwo murongo uca ukoresha amashanyarazi mu ijoro mu bihe vy’ibiciro bito, ugaca utanga amahera mu gihe c’ijoro, ivyo bikaba bituma umuntu azigama amadolari 72.000 ku mwaka ku giciro c’amashanyarazi.
Ikoranabuhanga ry’uguhindura uruzitiro-rituma BESS ishobora guhingura umuriro w’uruzitiro n’incuro zidahinduka ata guhuza kw’ibikoresho, bihambaye cane ku bikorwa vy’uruzitiro ruto n’ivy’izinga. Inverters zikurikira uruzitiro rwa kera-ntizishobora gutangura uruzitiro rwapfuye, mu gihe uruzitiro-rukora uburyo bwo gukora umuvuduko w'ishingiro ibindi bikoresho bihuza. Ubwo bushobozi buraba ngirakamaro uko ama microgrids agenda aragwira mu bibanza vya kure no mu bibanza bihambaye cane.
Gusaba-Ivyangombwa vyihariye vyo guhitamwo
Ivyerekeye gukoresha bitandukanye bishira imbere ibiranga uburyo butandukanye, bisaba uburyo bwo guhitamwo bubereye.
Inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwobisaba amasaha 4-8 y'igihe co gusohoka bihuye n'imirongo y'uruvyaro. Amatongo y’izuba abika amasaranganya y’izuba ryo mu gicugu kugira ngo ashobore gusohora amazi ku mugoroba, akeneye uburyo bugendagenda rimwe ku musi ku burebure bwinshi bw’amazi asohoka. Ubuzima bwa bateri buca buba ikintu gihambaye mu vy’ubutunzi-ibice vy’imbere bishingira intahe 20-30% vy’ibiciro vy’ibiciro biciye mu buzima bw’ingendo buramba (ibice 12.000-15.000 n’ibice 6.000-8.000 ku bice bisanzwe). Umuhinga mu bijanye n’izuba wo muri Nevada yahisemwo ama cells y’agaciro kanini ku madolari 140/kWh kuruta ama cells asanzwe ku madolari 110/kWh, abara inyungu y’imyaka 4 biciye mu kugabanya incuro zisubirizwa.
Isonga ryo kwogoshaku bibanza vy’ubudandaji bisaba inyishu yihuta ariko igihe gisanzwe (amasaha 2-4). Uruganda rukora ibikoresho ruhura n’amahera y’ugusaba ashingiye ku minota 15-y’amashanyarazi menshi cane buri kwezi-mbere n’isonga ry’igihe gito rigura $8-15/kW-ukwezi. Sisitemu zifise ubushobozi bwa 0.5-1.0 MW n’ubushobozi bwa 1-2 MWh zigabanya ubunini bwa bateri n’igiciro. Ivyihuta vy’inyishu birahambaye kuruta igihe bimara, bikunda ubuhinga bw’ubuhinga bwa litiyumu-ion bufise ubushobozi bwinshi kuruta ubuhinga buzimvye ariko bugenda buhoro.
Inguvu zo gusubiza inyumaibikorwa bishira imbere ukwizigirwa kuruta gutuma igiciro kigenda neza. Ibitaro, ibibanza vy’amakuru, n’ibikorwa vy’ubutabazi bikeneye amashanyarazi yizewe mu gihe c’amasaha 4-24. Izo nzira zishobora gukora kenshi (igerageza ry’ukwezi hamwe n’uguhagarara kw’amashanyarazi rimwe na rimwe) ariko zitegerezwa gutanga ubushobozi bugereranywa 100% iyo bikenewe. Ugusubira mu kazi, uburinzi bukomeye bw’umuriro, n’ingwati zitomoye bituma habaho igiciro c’imbere-ibitaro vyo muri Floride vyarishe 35% ku BESS y’urugero rw’ubuvuzi ifise ubushobozi bwo kwizigirwa n’ugukurikirana 24/7.
Guhagarara kw'uruzitiroku bikorwa vy'ubuhinga bisaba sub-inyishu ya kabiri n'ibihumbi vy'ingendo z'umwaka. Uburyo bwo gutegeka incuro butera canke bufata ubushobozi mu masegonda 4 y’ugukevya kw’uruzitiro, bugendagenda incuro 100-300 ku musi. Gutwara ikinga bitari vyinshi (10-30% y’uburebure bw’ugusohoka) biratuma bateri imara igihe kirekire naho nyene igitigiri c’ingendo gifise igitigiri kinini. Uburyo bukeneye ubugenzuzi buteye imbere bujanye n’ubuhinga bwa SCADA n’uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko ku isoko-kwongerako amadolari 80.000-150.000 ku bikorwa remezo vyo guhanahana amakuru no kugenzura.
Ibikorwa vya Microgridgufatanya ibikorwa vyinshi: ubufatanye bushobora gusubirwamwo, ubushobozi bwo gusubiza inyuma, n’ibikorwa vy’uruzitiro. Umuryango w’izinga wo muri Alaska warashizeho uburyo bwo kubika inguvu ziri mu bikoresho vy’amazi 2 MW / 6 MWh bushobora gukorana n’umuzigo usanzwe ukurikira, bukabika inguvu z’umuyaga, kandi bugatanga amasaha 6+ yo gufasha mu gihe c’ibihuhusi vy’urushana. Uburyo bukora cane-bukeneye ubugenzuzi bushobora guhinduka bushobora guhindura uburyo n'uburongozi bw'imbere-porogaramu y'ubudandaji ($30,000-60,000) canke gutegura ivy'ubudandaji ($100,000-200,000) bivanye n'uburemere.
Gufasha mu gushaja EVn’ugucungera ubushobozi bwinshi buva ku bikoresho vy’ugushaja vyihuta vy’umuyagankuba bishobora gutuma abatanga ibifungurwa bihungabana. Igikoresho co gushaja gifise amashanyarazi atandatu y’amashanyarazi 350 kW gishobora gutuma habaho ugushaja kw’amashanyarazi 2.1 MW-bishobora gutuma amashanyarazi yo mu karere ashaja cane. BESS y’ubushobozi bwa 1 MW / 2 MWh irazibira uwo muzigo, igaca igenda buhoro buhoro iva ku ruzitiro, igaca igenda yihuta ku binyabiziga. Ivyo "peak shaving" bituma ibikorwa remezo bishobora gushaja mu bibanza bifise ubushobozi buke bw'uruja n'uruza, bikaba bifungura ibikorwa bidashoboka.
Ibibazo bikunze kwibazwa
Ivyo bikoresho vyo kubika inguvu mu bikoresho bimara igihe kingana iki?
Ivyuma vy’ivyuma vyitwa lithium iron phosphate (LFP) bishobora kumara imyaka 10-15 imbere y’uko gusubirizwa amabateri biba ngombwa mu vy’ubutunzi, bikaba bishika ku nzira z’ugushaja 6.000-15.000 bivanye n’uburebure bw’ugusohoka n’uburyo bwo gucunga ubushuhe. Ivyuma vy’ibikoresho n’ivy’ubuhinga bwa none akenshi bimara imyaka 20+ iyo bitunganijwe neza. Ubuzima bwose bw'imyaka 15-20 burasanzwe, n'ugusubirizwa kwa bateri ku mwaka 10-12. Ivyuma vy’agaciro bifise ubuhinga bwiza bwo gucungera ubushuhe be n’ugukoresha amagare ataco bimaze bishobora kurenga imyaka 15 imbere y’uko bateri zisubirizwa.
Ni ibihe bibazo vy’umuriro kandi bigabanywa gute?
Litiyumu-ion thermal runaway iguma ari yo ntambamyi nyamukuru y’umuriro, naho uburyo bwo muri iki gihe bushiramwo ibice vyinshi vy’uburinzi: ugukurikirana urugero rw’ingingo -kumenya ibitari vyo imbere y’uko bihungabana, uburyo bwo guhagarika gazi bwikora (FM-200 canke Novec 1230), uburyo bwo gukingira umuriro hagati y’amabati n’ibindi bikoresho vyo guturika. umuriro-ubwubatsi bw'ibikoresho bishobora guhangana n'umuriro. Ivyumba vyo mu bihugu 23 vyashikiwe n’umuriro wa BESS hagati ya 2017-2024, ariko nta n’umwe wabaye mu mirongo ifise uburinzi bw’umuriro bushingiye ku mirongo myinshi bwashizweho inyuma ya 2021. Abashingira ubwishingizi ubu barategeka ko habaho uburinzi bwihariye bw’umuriro kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kwikingira.
Ni ikibanza kingana iki gikenewe kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gushiramwo?
Igikoresho gisanzwe c’amafuti 20 gipima 6.1m × 2.4m × 2.6m uburebure (20ft × 8ft × 8.5ft), gisaba nk’imetero kare 18-20 harimwo n’aho umuntu ashobora gushika aho ashobora gukoresha ibikoresho vyo gusanasana n’amakode y’umuriro Amategeko yo mu karere akenshi asaba ko haba uburebure bwa metero 1-3 hirya no hino y’ibikoresho kugira ngo abazimya umuriro bashobore gushika. Ivyuma bishirwa hejuru y’inzu birafise uburemere buke-igikoresho cuzuye c’amafuti 20 gipima amatoni 25-35, bisaba gukomeza inyubakwa nyinshi z’ubudandaji.
Mbega ama systems yoshobora kwimurirwa ahandi amaze gushirwaho?
Ego-imiterere y'ibikoresho ishoboza kwimura, naho ibiciro n'uburemere bivana n'uburebure bw'ubufatanye. Ivyombo vyuzuye bifise amahuzu yoroshe ya AC birashobora kwimuka mu misi 2-5 ku giciro c’amadolari 15.000-35.000 yo guca, gutwara, no gusubira gushiramwo. Sisitemu zifise ubuhinga bwinshi bwo gukorana n’uruzitiro, intsinga zihambwe, canke igikorwa co gushinga umushinge bisaba amayinga 2-4 n’amadolari 50.000-120.000 kugira ngo umuntu yimurire ahandi. Ivyemezo vy’amabateri bishobora kuba bifise amategeko agenga incuro canke uko bimeze.
Inzego z'Ihitamwo ry'Ingingo
Guhitamwo uburyo bwo kubika inguvu mu bikoresho bikwiye gutangura no gucapura ivyo usaba vyihariye mu bipimo bihambaye.
Tangana n’ugusobanura neza ivyo ukoresha. Igikoresho gikeneye ubushobozi bwo gusubiza inyuma gikora mu bibazo bitandukanye cane n’ikigo gikurikirana ugugabanya amafaranga y’ivyo bisabwa. Uburyo bwo gusubiza inyuma bushira imbere ukwizigirwa n’igihe kirekire kuruta gutuma igiciro kigenda neza, mu gihe uburyo bwo gusaba amafaranga butuma ubutunzi bugenda neza mu gihe gitoyi gishoboka. Ibikorwa vy'ikoreshwa ry'ibintu bivanze-bisaba ubugenzuzi bukomeye bwemerera guhindura uburyo bishingiye ku mibereho y'uruzitiro n'ivyo ubucuruzi bushira imbere.
Ibara ry’inguvu zikenewe bisaba gusuzuma amezi 12 y’amafaranga y’amazi ku bijanye n’ingene umuzigo ukoreshwa, ivyo usaba cane, n’imiterere y’ibiciro. Igikoresho gifise umuzigo w’ishimikiro udahinduka be n’isonga ritoyi gikeneye ubushobozi butandukanye n’igifise umuzigo uhinduka cane. Igihe-co-koresha imiterere y'ibiciro n'itandukaniro ry'igiciro 3x hagati y'isonga -isonga n'isonga rirema amahirwe akomeye y'ubukemurampaka ashingira intahe ubushobozi bwa bateri buhambaye kuruta gushavura isonga ryoroshe gusa.
Ibisabwa kugira ngo bimare igihe biva mu gutahura igihe inguvu zizokenerwa. Igikoresho c’izuba gikeneye ububiko busohoka amasaha 4-6 y’umugoroba, mu gihe uburyo bwo gucungera incuro bushobora gusohoka ubudasiba ku nguvu z’igice mu minota 30-60 incuro amajana ku musi. Igihe co gusohoka gihuye n’igikorwa ca fizike-igihe co kugura birenze urugero gitakaza umutungo ku bushobozi butakoreshejwe.
Intambamyi z'ingengo y'imari kenshi zirengera ugutunganya neza ubuhinga. Ico kibanza gifise amadolari 400.000 ashobora kugura gitandukanye n’ikindi gifise amadolari 800.000 naho nyene gikeneye ubuhinga busa. Niwiyumvire ugushiraho inzira-gutangura n’ikintu kimwe no kwongerako ubushobozi nk’uko ingengo y’imari ivyemerera kandi ubumenyi bukemeza ubutunzi. Ivyuma vyinshi vyatanguye n’ibice 30-50% vy’ubushobozi bwa nyuma, vyagutse mu mezi 18-24 inyuma yo kwemeza inyungu z’amahera.
Kuronka ikibanza bishobora kuba ari vyo bigora abantu ku bibanza vyo mu bisagara. Gushiramwo hejuru y’urusengero birinda umwanya w’agaciro wo hasi ariko bisaba gusuzuma imiterere kandi bishobora kugabanya ubunini bw’urutonde kubera uburemere buke. Ivyuma bishizwe hasi-bikeneye imodoka kugira ngo bishirwemwo no gutunganywa-ibibanza bikomeye bishobora kwakira ikintu kimwe gusa ugereranije n'imiterere y'ibice bibiri-vyifuzwa.
Uruzitiro rwo guhuza uruzitiro rugoranye n'ubunini bwa sisitemu n'aho ruri. Sisitemu ziri munsi ya 500 kW mu bihugu vyiza zishobora gukorana mu misi 60-90 ku giciro gito, mu gihe 2+ MW mu bice vy’abantu benshi zihura n’imigenderanire y’ukwemererwa amezi 6-18 n’ugusubiramwo uruzitiro bizimvye. Gushiramwo igihe co gukorana n’ibiciro mu ngengo y’imari yose y’umugambi-gufata minenerwe ivyo bituma imigambi myinshi iteba.
Ivyerekeye ibikorwa vy'ibidukikije bigena ibisabwa vyo gucunga ubushuhe kandi bikagira ico bikoze ku giciro c'igihe kirekire-. Ivyumba biri mu bihe vy’ikirere biringaniye (10-30 degrees umwaka wose) birashobora gukoresha ugukonjesha kw’umuyaga gusanzwe, mu gihe ahantu hakomeye cane hakeneye ugukonjesha kw’amazi canke ugukonjesha kw’inyongera. Gukoresha ubuhinga bwa HVAC mu bihe bikomeye bifata 5-15% vy’inguvu zose, bikaba bigira ingaruka ku bukungu bw’umugambi.
Ubuhinga mu vy'ubuhinga buragira ico bukoze ku guhitamwo urugero rw'ubufatanye. Ivyumba bifise abahinga b’amashanyarazi bazi utuntu n’utundi be n’ubucuti bushingiye ku baguzi bishobora kwungukira ku buryo buhurikiye hamwe bushobora gutuma ibihimba bikora neza. Amashirahamwe atagira ubuhinga bwo mu nzu akwiye gukunda inyishu zitandukanye zishobora kwemera amafaranga make kugira ngo zigabanye ingorane z’ubuhinga n’ugufashwa n’umucuruzi umwe.
Itegeko ry’ugutera imbere riraba kure y’ivyo bikenewe vuba gushika ku nzira z’iterambere ry’imyaka 5-10. Uburyo bw’ibice bushobora kwagura vyoroshe burabuza kugura cane ubushobozi bwa mbere mu gihe bugumya ubushobozi bwo guhindura. Ivyumba vyinshi vy’ubudandaji vyashizeho uburyo bwo kugenzura n’ahantu h’ibikoresho bifasha ubushobozi bw’amashanyarazi incuro 3, bica bisubiramwo ugugura amabateri gushika imizigo ibereye ukwaguka.
Isoko ry’ububiko bw’inguvu mu bikoresho rirabandanya gutera imbere vyihuta, ubushobozi bwa sisitemu buratera imbere mu gihe ibiciro bigabanuka. Ivyo gukoresha bihuye n’ivyo sisitemu ibisaba aho kugura ubushobozi bwinshi canke ubuhinga bushasha ataco bikenewe. Amashirahamwe akwiye gutangura n’ugusuzuma neza ibikorwa, guharura inguvu n’ububasha vy’ukuri bisabwa harimwo n’ivyo bikenewe mu kiringo, no guhitamwo ingero z’ugushiramwo zihuye n’ubushobozi bw’ubuhinga bwo mu mutima. Ku bibanza bishasha mu kubika inguvu, gutangura n’uburyo butoyi vyubaka ubumenyi mu bijanye n’ibikorwa imbere y’uko umuntu yiyemeza gushiramwo amafaranga menshi. Ivyuma vyinshi bishirwaho bishika ku kwishura imyaka 3-7 iyo bifise ubunini bubereye ku bijanye n’ibikorwa vyavyo, n’uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha mu masoko meza bushobora gusubiza amafaranga mu myaka 3-4 biciye mu nzira z’amahera zihurikiye hamwe n’ukuzigama amafaranga.