Guhitamwouburyo bwa bateri y'ingandabimanuka ku guhuza imwe mu miti itatu yemejwe n’ingene mu vy’ukuri ukora igikorwa cawe. Litiyumu-ion (na cane cane LFP) ihuye n’ikoreshwa ryinshi-, ry’uguhindura cane, n’ibikorwa vy’uburemere -vy’agaciro; lead-acid iracariko iratsinda ku giciro c'imbere ku bijanye n'igihe kimwe - n'ivyo gusubiza inyuma; na nickel-cadmium iguma ari yo muhinga mu bijanye n’ubushuhe bukaze. Nta n'uburyo bw'amabateri y'inganda "bwiza" bwo kw'isi yose. Ihitamwo ryiza rivana n’ingendo y’igikorwa, amadirisho yo gushaja, ubushuhe bwo gukoresha, igiciro cose c’ubutunzi, ikirenge, n’icemezo c’umutekano. Iyi nkuru igereranya ubuhinga bumwe bumwe, itanga uruhande-ku-imbonerahamwe y'ishingiro, igenda mu nzira y'uguhitamwo y'intambwe zitanu-, kandi ihuza amabateri n'ibikorwa rusangi vy'inganda.
Ku bikorwa vyinshi vy’inganda bikoreshwa cane, litiyumu -ion (cane cane ubuhinga bwa LFP) itanga agaciro keza kuruta ayandi yose biciye mu buzima bw’ingendo burebure bwa 3–5×, hafi 90–95% y’urugendo rw’urugendo, n’amasaha 2–4 yo gushaja vyihuta. Asidi y'amabuye y'agaciro iracariko iratsinda ku giciro c'imbere c'igihe kimwe -ihinduka, mu gihe nickel{12}}cadmium igoye gutsindwa mu bushuhe bukaze kuva kuri degre −40 gushika kuri degre +60 .
Igikoresho c’amabateri y’inganda ni iki?
Uburyo bw'amabateri y'inganda bwakozwe kugira ngo bukomeze gukoresha umuriro mwinshi, ibihumbi vy'ingendo z'ugusohoka zikomeye-, n'ugukora kwizigirwa mu bihe vyoshobora gusenyura ningoga ingingo z'abaguzi. Ibintu bitatu bisabwa ni vyo bihingura umugambi. Ica mbere, iyo sisitemu itegerezwa gukora imizigo iremereye idahagarara. Bateri y’ikinyabiziga ishobora gusohoka ku bushobozi burenga 100 mu masaha menshi, mu gihe UPS yo mu kigo c’amakuru itegerezwa gutanga amashanyarazi ibihumbi n’ibihumbi igihe uruzitiro rwacitse. Ubwa kabiri, itegerezwa kwihanganira ibidukikije bikomeye cane, kuva ku bubiko bukonja-hafi y'ibipimo vya −40 gushika ku bibanza vy'ibiterwa biri hejuru ya bipimo 50 . Ica gatatu, igiciro co kunanirwa ni kinini, kuko igihe co guhagarara mu bikorwa remezo bihambaye gishobora gushika ku bihumbi vy’amadolari ku munota.
Ivyo bisabwa birasigura igituma abaguzi b’inganda bagereranya neza cane ubuhinga bwa shimi. Ivyifuzo vy’ububiko bw’ibikoresho vy’inganda n’ivy’uruja n’uruza birabandanya gukura, bikaba bishingiye ahanini ku kwemera inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo be n’ugukoresha ubuhinga bw’ivyuma, ivyo bikaba vyatumye habaho kwaguka kw’ibintu bishobora gutangwa kandi bikaba vyatumye biba vyiza gutahuraubwoko buhambaye bwa bateri bukoreshwa mu kubika inguvuimbere yo kwiyemeza kuri umwe.
Litiyumu -Ion n'Ibuye y'Ubutare -Aside n'Iyoni: Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi
Ivyo bihimba bitatu vy’ubuhinga bwa shimi vy’inganda, kimwe cose kiraronka ikibanza caco. Aha hepfo hari ivyo bibatandukanya mu bikorwa, hanyuma hakaba urutonde rw’ibimenyetso.
Litiyumu-Uburyo bwa bateri y'iyoni
Litiyumu-ion yacitse ivya kera ku bikorwa bisaba. Igumya umuriro ushikamye biciye mu bice vyinshi bisohoka, rero ibikoresho bikora neza kuva ku charge yuzuye gushika nko kuri 20%, mu gihe ubushobozi bw’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro bugabanuka uko buva. Inyungu ngirakamaro ziragaragara. Bateri y’ivyuma vy’i litiyumu ishobora gushaja mu masaha 2–4 ugereranije n’amasaha 8–16 ku bijanye n’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro, kandi ishobora gusohoka ata nkomanzi gushika ku burebure bwa 80–90% aho aside y’amabuye y’agaciro yihanganira 30–50% gusa. Kubera ko ukoresha ubushobozi bwinshi, igipapuro gitoyi, gishobora gusubirira igipapuro kinini c'aside y'amabuye y'agaciro-ku gihe kimwe.
Ubuzima bw’ingendo ni bwo butandukanya cane. Litiyumu-ion itanga nk’ingendo 1.000–5.000 bivanye n’ubuhinga n’ikoreshwa, ugereranije n’ingendo 300–1.000 ku bijanye n’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro. Mu litiyumu, LFP (lithium iron phosphate) yacitse ubuhinga bwo kubika ibintu mu nganda, itanga ubuzima buramba cane n’ugushikama kw’ubushuhe bukomeye ugereranyije na NMC. Naho igiciro co kugura kiri hejuru, igiciro ku nzira kenshi gikunda litiyumu mu bibanza vy'ikoreshwa ryinshi-.
Igipapuro cose c’ivyuma vyitwa litiyumu co mu nganda kirungikwa n’ubuhinga bwo gucungera amabateri (BMS) bugenzura ubuzima bw’ingingo ngenderwako, bukaringaniza umuriro, kandi bukagira ico bukoze imbere y’uko habaho amakosa y’amashanyarazi canke y’ubushuhe. Ubwo bwenge buratuma umuntu ashobora gucungera neza ibintu be n’ukugenzura ibintu biri kure, ivyo amabateri ya kera adashobora guhura navyo. Ivyerekeye umutekano birabereye ariko birashobora gutunganirizwa: ubuhinga bwa none bucungera ubushuhe, gukuraho umukazo, n’ubuhinga bwo guhagarika BMS. Ku butumwa-buhambaye bwa UPS bukeneye iminota 5–15 y’igihe co gukora, ubuhinga bwa litiyumu buteguwe neza buvuye ku mucuruzi w’icubahiro buratekanye nibura nk’ubundi buryo, igihe gusa buhuye n’icemezo cemewe.
Uburyo bw'amabateri y'amabuye y'agaciro
Asidi y'amabuye y'agaciro-iguma ari yo ihambaye kubera imvo z'ubutunzi zigororotse. Iracari itanga ububasha ku bikoresho vyinshi-bikoreshwa n'ibikoresho{3}}vy'ububasha, vyerekana ubuhinga bwatunganijwe mu myaka irenga 150 n'uburyo bwo kunanirwa butahurwa neza-n'uruhererekane rwo gusubira gukoresha ibintu. Igiciro c’imbere ni co gihambaye: lead-acid mu bisanzwe igenda 30–50% ku giciro gito kuruta ubushobozi bungana na litiyumu, ivyo bikaba bihuye n’imigambi y’ingengo y’imari n’ingendo z’ibikorwa zidashingira intahe ubuhinga bwa none.
Ivyiyumviro bibiri bikoreshwa mu nganda. Asidi y’amabuye y’agaciro-yuzuye amazi ni yo ihenda cane ariko ikeneye gutunganirizwa, harimwo no gutera amazi hejuru-, amafaranga y’uguringaniza, n’ugusohora umwuka w’amazi y’ihydrogène. Ubwoko bw’amavalve-regulated (VRLA), nka AGM na gel, burakuraho ivyiza vyinshi vyo kwitaho ariko buratwara amahera menshi kandi kenshi buramara igihe gito kuruta bateri yuzuye amazi. Ivyo gucuruza-ni vy'ukuri. Asidi y'amabuye y'agaciro ikenera amasaha 8-yongerwako gukonja-imbere yo gusubira gukoreshwa, yisohoka ku 5–10% ku kwezi, itakaza ubushobozi munsi ya degre 0 , kandi irakura vuba hejuru ya degre 25 . Ipima kandi incuro zitatu canke zine kuruta litiyumu ingana n’iyo, naho nyene mu bikoresho vy’ugutwara ibintu ubwo buremere bushobora gukubita kabiri nk’uburemere bwo gusubiriza.
Gusubira gukoresha ibintu ni inkomezi nyazo. Dukurikije ivyo .Ikigo ca Amerika kijejwe gukingira ibidukikije, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zisubira gukoresha nk’ibice 99 kw’ijana vy’amabateri y’amabuye y’agaciro, igipimo kinini kuruta ibindi vyose, gishigikiwe n’ibiciro vy’ishimikiro vy’ububiko bw’amabuye y’agaciro be n’uruja n’uruza rw’amabateri y’amabuye y’agaciro. Lead-acid irafise insiguro cane ku bijanye n’ugusubiza inyuma aho uburemere butagira akamaro, ibikorwa vy’umusi umwe -bifise amafaranga y’ijoro, n’imigambi aho igiciro gito c’umutungo kirenze imipaka y’ibikorwa.
Uburyo bwa bateri bushingiye kuri Nickel{0}}: NiCd na NiMH
Nikeli-kadmiyumu (NiCd) na nikeli{1}}ivyuma (NiMH) bifise ivyicaro vyihariye. Inkomezi z’umutwe wa NiCd ni ubushuhe: ikora kuva nko kuri −40℃gushika kuri +60℃ata bushobozi butakaza, irenze cane idirisha rya litiyumu risanzwe rya −20℃gushika kuri +45 degree. Ivyo bituma ari ngirakamaro mu kubika ibintu bikonje, mu bibanza vyo muri Arctique no mu bikoresho vyo hanze vyo gukoresha amatelefone. Ni n'ugukoresha nabi-ukwihanganira, gukira mu gukoreshwa nabi no mu gusohora birenze urugero vyoshobora kwonona ubuziraherezo ibindi bihimba vy'umubiri.
Intambamyi zirimwo ni nyinshi cane. NiCd irimwo cadmium, icuma kiremereye gifise ubumara gisaba gukurwaho mu buryo bugenzuwe kandi kigatuma habaho amategeko akomeye. MuItegeko ry'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi ryerekeye amabateri (2023/1542)caps cadmium mu mabati y’iminwe kandi, hakurikijwe amategeko asubirira amabwirizwa ya kera y’amabateri, igabanya nickel-cadmium mu bikorwa vy’iminwe kuva muri Myandagaro 2025; gukoresha mu nganda biracari vyemewe ariko birahanganye n’ugusuzumwa gukomeye. NiCd nayo itwara amahera menshi kuruta lead-acid mu gihe itanga uburemere bw’inguvu buke kuruta litiyumu, kandi ingaruka zayo zo kwibuka zisaba gusohoka kwuzuye mu bihe bitandukanye kugira ngo ubushobozi buzigame.
NiMH ikuraho cadmium kandi ishobora kubika ubushobozi bwinshi kurusha NiCd y’ubunini bumwe, ariko yo ubwayo-irasohoka ningoga (hafi 30% ku kwezi) kandi itanga ubuzima bw’ingendo buke. Ivy’indege, ivy’amagariyamoshi, n’ivy’igisirikare biguma bikoresha amabateri ya nickel aho ivyemezo vy’ukwizigirwa vyemewe mu bihe bikomeye cane bituma umuntu ashobora gutanga amahera menshi, naho nyene litiyumu iriko irakura buhoro buhoro NiCd mbere no mu gucungera amakuru y’amatelefone uko uburyo bwo kurongora bugenda buratera imbere.
Igereranyo ry'ubuhinga bw'amabateri y'inganda
Koresha imeza nk’ikimenyetso c’ukwihuta igihe uriko urapima ubuhinga bujanye n’ivyo ushira imbere mu bikorwa vyawe. Imibare ni ibiharuro bisanzwe, si ibisobanuro vy’ukuri.
| Parametere | Litiyumu{0}}iyoni (LFP/NMC) | Asidi y'amabuye y'agaciro (Yarengewe/VRLA) | Nikeli -Kadimiyumu (NiCd) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uburemere bw'inguvu | 150-260 Wh/ikiro | 30-50 Wh/ikiro | 45-80 Wh/ikiro |
| Ubuzima bw'ingendo | 1.000-5, 000+ inzinguzingu | Inzinguzingu 300-1.000 | Inzinguzingu 1.500–3.000 |
| Uburebure bw'amazi asohoka | 80–90% | 30–50% | 80–100% |
| Ubushobozi bwo gusubira inyuma- | ~90–95% | ~75–80% | ~70–75% |
| Igihe co gushaja | Amasaha 2-4 | Amasaha 8–16 (+ gukonja-hasi) | Amasaha 4-8 |
| Ubushuhe bwo gukoresha | −20 degre ku +45 degre | −20 degre ku +50 degre (ivyiza ~25 degre ) | −40 degre ku +60 degre |
| Ukwisohora- | 1–2% ku kwezi | 5–10% ku kwezi | 10–20% ku kwezi |
| Igiciro c'imbere | Ivyinshi (hafi 2–3× aside y'amabuye y'agaciro-) | Hasi (umurongo w'ishimikiro) | Uburinganire–hejuru |
| Kubungabunga | Gake (BMS-yakurikiranywe) | Igisanzwe (amazi, ukuringaniza, gusohora umwuka) | Biringaniye (ugusohoka kwuzuye mu bihe bitandukanye) |
| Uburemere bugereranywa | 1× (iyoroshe cane) | 3–4× | 2–3× |
| Ubuzima busanzwe | Imyaka 8-12 | Imyaka 3-8 | Imyaka 15-20 |
| Iherezo-rya-ugusubira gukoresha ubuzima | Ni hasi uno musi (munsi ya ~15%); ibikorwa remezo biracariko biratera imbere | ~99% (ibikorwa remezo bikomeye) | Itegekanijwe kubera ubumara bwa cadmium |
| Ibereye neza | Multi-shift, ububiko bushobora gusubirwamwo, uburemere-ikoreshwa ry'agaciro | Ububiko bw'igihe kimwe-, UPS ihagaze, imigambi irongowe n'ingengo y'imari- | Ubushuhe bukaze, indege, amagariyamoshi, igisirikare |
Igikosorwa kimwe gikwiriye gushirwako ibendera: gusubira gukoresha litiyumu-ion rimwe na rimwe birasubirwamwo ku bipimo vyinshi cane, ariko amakuru yasohowe yerekana ko ugusubirana uno musi kwicara munsi cane ya 15%, n'imigenderanire yo gusubirana kw'ibikoresho-iguma itera imbere. Igitigiri c'aside y'amabuye y'agaciro ~99% ni co kigereranyo nyaco.
Uko wohitamwo uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha amabateri y'inganda
Ikosa risanzwe ni ugutangura n’ubuhinga bwa shimi. Tangana n’ingene bateri izokoreshwa, kandi akenshi iyo shimi irahitamwo. Kora muri izo ntambwe zitanu mu buryo bukurikiranye.
- Raba igikorwa cawe.Harura amashifu n’ingendo. Ibikorwa vy’imisi imwe -bifise amasaha y’ijoro ataco akora ntibikenera cane ubuzima bw’ingendo ya litiyumu, mu gihe amato y’imisi itatu-akora amasaha 16–24 ku musi ayihemba ningoga. Ikibazo nyaco ku bwato bufise vyinshi bukora si igiciro ca bateri, ahubwo ni nimba ushobora gukuraho guhindura bateri n’igihe co guhagarara.
- Ikarata idirisha ryawe ryo gushaja.Iyo ibikoresho vyicaye ataco bikora amasaha 8+, umuriro muremure w'aside y'amabuye y'agaciro nta nzitizi. Iyo ufise gusa akaruhuko gatoyi, gushaja kw’akaryo ka litiyumu bituma ibikoresho biguma bigenda kandi bikuraho ivy’icumba c’amabateri n’ibikoresho vy’inyuma.
- Sigura urugero rw’ubushuhe.Ububiko bw’ibikonje n’ibibanza vyo hanze bigabanya umurima ningoga, kuko litiyumu isanzwe idashobora guca munsi ya degre 0 ataco yononekaye kandi aside ya lead-itakaza ubushobozi mu bikonje. WemezeUbushuhe bwo gukoresha amabateri ya litiyumuku bidukikije vyawe, kandi wiyumvire NiCd canke intumbero-yubatswe n'ubushuhe buke-litiyumu aho ibintu bikomeye cane.
- Gereranya igiciro cose c’ubutunzi, si igiciro co kugura gusa.Ibintu mu gutakaza ubushobozi, gusanasana, igihe co guhagarara, umwanya wo hasi, n'ingendo zo gusubirira. Bateri idahenda cane akenshi itwara amahera menshi mu myaka itanu iyo umuntu amaze guharura uguhindura, abakozi n’inguvu zikoreshwa.
- Suzuma ivyemezo vy'umutekano n'ugufasha kw'abaguzi.Shimika ku vyemezo bikwiye vy’urwego rwawe kandi wemeze ko umuguzi afise amafaranga n’uruja n’uruza rw’ibikorwa. Igiciro gito kivuye ku mucuruzi adashikamye kirazimvye iyo infashanyo izimye hagati -ubuzima.
Uburyo bwiza bwa bateri bushingiye ku gukoreshwa mu nganda
Guhuza ubuhinga n’akazi ni ho ingingo iba nyayo. Ivyo bikomeye cane birahinduka uko bikoreshwa.
Gukoresha ibikoresho n'ibikoresho vyo guterura
Gukoresha ibikoresho ni kimwe mu bikoresho bikomeye cane bikoreshwa rimwe gusa amabateri y’inganda. Ivyuma vy’amaforklift vy’imirongo myinshi birakunda cane litiyumu-ion naho igiciro cavyo ari kinini, kubera ko gushaja vyihuta mu gihe c’akaruhuko bikuraho ivyumba vy’amabateri n’ivyuma vy’inyuma. Ibikorwa vy'umusi umwe - canke bibiri -bishobora gukoresha neza aside y'amabuye y'agaciro, yemera kwishura ijoro ryose mu guhindura amahera azigamiwe imbere y'igihe. Ububiko bukonje ni bwo budasanzwe: litiyumu isanzwe ntishobora kwishura munsi ya degre 0, rero imbuga zishobora kwimurira amakamyo mu vyumba bishushe canke zikishura 25–40% ku litiyumu y'ubushuhe buke, mu gihe NiCd yishura neza kuri −20℃kandi ikora kuri −40 degree.
Gusubiza inyuma Inguvu n'Ikigo c'Amakuru UPS
Ivyipfuzo vy’ubushobozi bwo gusubiza inyuma biriko biraduga cane iruhande y’ubwubatsi bw’ibibanza vy’amakuru. Ku rugendo rugufi-ca (iminota 5–15), ubuhinga bwose burakora, kandi uguhitamwo guhindukira ku giciro n’ahantu. Igitigiri c’ibirenge gitoyi ca litiyumu-incuro nyinshi gikomeye kuruta aside y’amabuye y’agaciro-aside-ihambaye aho ikibanza co hasi gizimvye. Ku bihe birebire canke imigambi iyobowe n'ingengo y'imari-, VRLA lead-acid iguma ari ikintu gisanzwe kubera igiciro gito c'umutungo n'urugendo rurerure rudahinduka. Aho ikibanza n’ugushiraho ibintu vyihuta ari bike, ababikoresha bararushiriza kuraba ingene .Ibice vya BESS bigendagenda bifasha ubushobozi bw'ikigo c'amakurunk’isoko y’ikiraro canke y’inyongera ishobora guhinduka.
Inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo n'uruzitiro-Ububiko bw'urugero
Urugero rw'uruzitiro-n'ububiko bushobora gusubirwamwo bigenda birushiriza gukoresha litiyumu-iyoni kubera ubushobozi bwayo n'ubuzima bw'ingendo. Ubuhinga bwa noneuburyo bwo kubika inguvu za bateriyubatswe ku buhinga bwa LFP itanga ubushobozi bw'amasaha menshi-megawatt-ku kigo kimwekimwe cose ku rugendo rwo guzunguruka -rugendo rwo gushika nko kuri 95%, ivyo bikaba bibereye ku musi -rimwe na rimwe incuro zibiri-p ku musi-gutwara ikinga ryinshi mu myaka cumi}fe{lus}fe. Bateri zigendagenda ni uburyo bushasha bwo gukoresha imigambi minini cane idahinduka, itandukanya ubushobozi n’inguvu n’ubuzima burebure cane, ariko ziguma zidasanzwe kandi zizimvye iruhande ya litiyumu ku bikorwa vyinshi vy’inganda.
Imbonerahamwe iri musi yerekana ubuhinga bwa shimi ku bintu bisanzwe. Nk’itegeko, nta n’uburyo bwiza kuruta ubundi bwose bwo gukoresha amabateri; ihitamwo ryiza rivana n’igipimo c’ikoreshwa, ukuntu umuntu ashobora kwishura, ibidukikije, n’igiciro c’ubuzima.
| Ibikoresho | Ubuhinga bwa shimi busabwa | Imvo nyamukuru |
|---|---|---|
| Ivyuma vyinshi -vy'amasaha y'ibitoro (amasaha 16–24/umunsi) | Litiyumu-iyoni | Amahirwe yo gushaja akuraho amabateri y'inyuma n'ivyumba vya bateri |
| Ububiko bw'igihe kimwe - | Asidi y'amabuye y'agaciro | Igiciro c’imbere gitoyi; gushaja ijoro ryose birahagije |
| Igikoresho co kubika ibintu bikonje (−20 degre gushika kuri −40 degre ) | NiCd canke litiyumu y'ubushuhe buke- | Gukora neza no gushaja mu bukonje bukaze |
| UPS y'ikigo c'amakuru (igihe gito co gukora, iminota 5–15) | Litiyumu-iyoni | Ikirenge gitoyi; Gukurikirana ubuzima bwa BMS |
| Ikigo c'amakuru UPS (igihe kirekire, ingengo y'imari) | Asidi y'amabuye y'agaciro (VRLA) | Igiciro c’itunga kiri hasi; ibikorwa vyemejwe bihagaze |
| Uruzitiro-ububiko bushobora gusubirwamwo | Litiyumu -iyoni (LFP) | Ubuzima bw'ingendo ndende n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara ikinga ryinshi ku musi |
| Umunara w'amatelefone (kure/ikirere gikomeye) | NiCd | Ukwihanganira ubushuhe bwagutse; arokotse gukoreshwa nabi n'umuyagankuba |
| Inguvu z'ivyihutirwa z'indege / amagariyamoshi | NiCd | Ukwizigirwa kwemejwe; ihura n'icemezo gikomeye |
| Ubucuruzi bwo gushavura / gucunga ubusabe | Litiyumu -iyoni (LFP) | Inyishu yihuta n'ugutwara ikinga buri musi mu buzima buramba |
Igiciro cose c'ubutunzi: kirenze igiciro c'ugugura
Igiciro co kugura ni agace gatoyi gusa k’igiciro c’ubuzima bwose bw’umurongo w’amabateri. Isesengura ryiza ryongera ibiciro bitaziguye-ibikoresho vyo gushaja no kubishiramwo, amabateri y’inyuma yo guhindura-inyuma, umuyagankuba (harimwo n’ugutakaza ubushobozi), ugusanasana, ibikorwa remezo vy’ivyumba, no gusubirira bishingiye ku buzima bw’ingendo-ku biguzi bitaziguye vyo gushaja nk’igihe, gucungera ikirere, ibikoresho vyo kwirinda, no kubijugunya. Ku bijanye n'ingendo-itunganijwe, raba ibiIsesengura ry'igiciro c'ububiko bw'inguvu za bateri.
Ivyo biharuro biri aha hepfo ni .akarorero, si amajambo asubiwemwo, afise intumbero yo kwerekana ingene ico kinogo kiguruka. Ivyiyumviro: bateri imwe y’ivyuma vy’ivyuma 48V/1000Ah mu gukoresha amasaha atatu-; aside y’amabuye y’agaciro-isaba guhindurwa n’ugusubirizwa hagati -ubuzima; litiyumu ikora ku nzira y’ugushaja ata guhindura; igihe co guhagarara gifise agaciro k’amadolari 100/isaha; idirisha ry'imyaka itanu-.
Asidi y'amabuye y'agaciro- (ikigereranyo):
- Bateri (ibice 3 vyo guhinduranya): amadolari 24.000
- Ivyo gukoresha mu gushaja: amadolari 5.000
- Icumba c’amabateri n’ivy’impwemu: amadolari 15.000
- Ivyo kwitaho imyaka 5: $4.000
- Hagati -ubuzima bwo gusubirira: $24,000
- Igihe co gushaja no guhindura (~amasaha 480): $48,000
- Imyaka 5 yose hamwe: $120.000
Litiyumu -iyoni / LFP (ikigereranyo):
- Bateri imwe (nta guhinduranya bikenewe): amadolari 22.000
- Ivyo gushaja: amadolari 4.000
- Ibikorwa remezo bikeyi: $2.000
- Ivyo kwitaho imyaka 5: $500
- Ivyo gusubirira mu myaka 5: $000.
- Akaryo gatoyi-igihe co guhagarara: $2,000
- Imyaka 5 yose hamwe: $30,500
Muri iki gihe c'ikoreshwa riremereye-, ubuzima buramba bwa litiyumu, hafi-zero kwitaho, n'ubushobozi bwinshi kuruta gusubiza inyuma igiciro kinini co kugura. Ivyo biharuro birahinduka ku bikorwa vy’igihe kimwe{3}}bifise ugushaja guhagije kw’ijoro ryose: aside y’amabuye y’agaciro iragabanuka ku giciro ca bateri imwe -, igihe co guhagarara kirazimangana cane, kandi ikibanza cayo ca TCO kiratera imbere cane mu gihe inyungu za litiyumu zigabanuka. Ni co gituma nyene duty cycle, atari chemistry, ari vyo bikwiye kurongora ingingo.
Ubuhinga bushasha bw'amabateri y'inganda
Ivyuma bikeyi vy'uruvyaro rukurikira-birabereye kurabwa, naho vyinshi biguma mu gutegurwa canke mu gucuruzwa vuba. Bateri zikomeye-zisubirira amazi y’umuyagankuba n’ibintu bikomeye, zikaba zisezeranya uburemere bw’inguvu nyinshi n’umutekano mwiza, ariko igiciro co kuzikora kiracariho. Sodium-ion ikoresha sodium nyinshi, zidahenda cane kugira ngo yorohereze umukazo w’uruzitiro rw’ugutanga-; uburemere bwayo buke bw'inguvu burakuraho uburemere-ikoreshwa ry'uburemere ariko bubereye ububiko buhagaze aho igiciro gihambaye kuruta uburemere. Nickel-zinc, idakoresha ivyuma biremerera bitera ubumara kandi igasubira gukoreshwa mu buryo bworoshe, iriko iraboneka mu migero imwe imwe ya UPS uko ugutegura neza ivyuma bigabanya ingorane za kera z’ivyuma bifata amazi. Ico abaguzi bashobora gufata ni ugukunda imigero ishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo ubuhinga bwo muri kazoza bushobore kwemerwa ata gusubirira uburyo bwose.
Ivyiza vyo kwitaho no gucunga
Uko ubuhinga bwa shimi bwoba buri kwose, imyimenyerezo yo gukora iratuma umuntu amara igihe kirekire. Lead-acid ikeneye gusuzuma amazi mu buryo busanzwe ku bwoko bw’amazi yarengewe, gusukura amabarabara, guringaniza mu bihe bitandukanye, no gutanga umwuka mwiza, kuko gushaja bituma habaho ivyuma vy’amazi bishobora guturika mu bibanza bipfutse. Bika amakuru y’ingendo n’ibisomwa kugira ngo ushigikire ivyifuzo vy’igaranti no kuvuga imbere y’igihe ivy’ugusubirizwa.
Litiyumu-ion ikeneye gutunganirizwa bike ariko irahezagira kwitwararika amakuru ya BMS: kuraba ubusumbasumbane bw'umuriro, gukurikirana imigenderanire y'ubushuhe, no gusubiramwo uburyo bwo gushaja ku bitari vyo. Injiza amapaki mu mirongo y’uburongozi bw’ibikorwa biciye ku bisi ya CAN canke ibimeze nk’ivyo, kandi ugume ufise porogarama nshasha, kubera ko ivyo guhindura bishobora kwongera ubuzima canke kwongerako ibintu. Mu bice vyose vy’ubuhinga bwa shimi, ushireho ivyumba vy’amabateri hafi y’ubushuhe bwa degre 20–25 aho bishoboka-buri degre 8 iri hejuru ya degre 25 hafi ibice vy’ubuzima bw’aside-aside-kandi ushireho umwuka, amaso-yoza, n’ibikoresho vy’ivyihutirwa bisaba mu karere.
IBIBAZO bibazwa
Ikibazo: Amabateri y’inganda amara igihe kingana iki?
I: Bivana n’ubuhinga bwa shimi n’ingene iyo nzira ikoreshwa cane. Asidi ya lead-ikunda kumara imyaka 3–8, litiyumu{4}}ion (na cane cane LFP) ikunda kumara imyaka 8–12, na nickel{7}}cadmium ishobora kumara imyaka 15–20 iyo ikoreshejwe ihagaze. Imyaka y'ikirangamisi irahambaye kuruta igiharuro c'ingendo n'ivyangombwa. Bateri igendagenda cane buri musi ku bushuhe bwinshi irakura cane kurusha imwe y’igitutu-igendagenda mu cumba gicunzwe n’ikirere-. Imisi yose usome amasezerano ya garanti, akenshi ashobora gukingira imyaka canke inzinguzingu-ivyo bizoza imbere-kandi ntushiremwo ukurenganywa nk'ugukoresha ubushuhe burengeje urugero canke gushaja nabi. Fata ubuzima bwasohowe nk’ibiharuro, hanyuma uhindure ku bijanye n’ingendo y’akazi kawe n’ibidukikije.
Ikibazo: Noshobora gusubirira amabateri y’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro n’ay’amabuye y’agaciro mu bikoresho biriho?
I: Kenshi egome, ariko si nk’itonde ryoroshe-in. Litiyumu n’aside ya lead-ikoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo gushaja, rero igikoresho co gushaja c’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro kiriho akenshi ntigishobora gushaja litiyumu ata nkomanzi ata guhindura canke gusubirira umugenzuzi. Mu bikoresho vy’uguterura, aside y’amabuye y’agaciro (lead-acid) akenshi igira kabiri nk’uburemere, rero igipapuro c’ivyuma gishobora gukenera kwongerwako ivyuma kugira ngo kigume gifise ubushobozi bwo guterura n’ugushikama. Amadirisho y’umuriro, uburebure bw’ibice, n’ivyo ibikoresho bisaba kugira ngo bimenyekane na vyo nyene birakeneye gusuzumwa. Ku bikoresho vyinshi -ihinduka, umuhinduzi akenshi uratanga inyungu, ariko ubitegekanye nk'uguhindura ubuhinga-bateri, igikoresho co gucapura, rimwe na rimwe n'ibikoresho ubwavyo-aho guhindura nk'-ku -nk'uguhindura, kandi wemeze ko bihuye n'umuhinguzi mbere.
Ikibazo: Ni ivyemezo ibihe vy’umutekano nkwiye gusaba ku mabateri ya litiyumu y’inganda?
I: Ku bijanye n’ikoreshwa ry’ibintu bihagaze n’iry’ububiko bw’inguvu muri Amerika y’Uburaruko, rondera UL 1973 ku rugero rwa bateri na UL 9540 ku rugero rwa sisitemu, n’amakuru y’igerageza ry’ukwiragira kw’umuriro UL 9540A kugira ngo ushigikire kwemererwa. UL 1973 ivuga ku kugerageza gukoresha nabi amashanyarazi, ubuhinga n’ubushuhe bwa bateri; UL 9540 yemeza uburyo bwose harimwo uguhindura ubushobozi n’ubugenzuzi. Ku rwego mpuzamakungu, IEC 62619 ni yo ingana cane na UL 1973, kandi amategeko agenga umuriro nka NFPA 855 yerekana izo ngingo ngenderwako ata guca ku ruhande. Igitabo c’intango gikora ku mpamvu icemezo ca UL gihambaye mu bijanye no kubika inguvu kirabereye gusubirwamwo imbere y’uko umuntu agura. Ivy'indege, ivy'amazi, n'ivy'ahantu biteye akaga-bifise ivyemezo vy'inyongera vy'urwego-vyihariye.
Ikibazo: Ni gute ubushuhe bukaze bugira ico bukoze ku mikorere ya bateri?
I: Ubushuhe buragira ico bukoze ku buhinga bwose, ariko butandukanye. Ubukonje buragabanya ubushobozi buriho kandi bukagabanya inyishu; n'ibice vya litiyumu bimenyerewe ntibikwiye gushaja munsi ya 0℃ataco vyononekaye, ni co gituma ibibanza vy'ububiko bikonja-bishushanya amabateri imbere yo gushaja canke bikoresha intumbero-yubatswe litiyumu y'ubushuhe buke-. Ubushuhe ni umwansi munini w'igihe kirekire-: ubuzima bw'aside y'amabuye y'agaciro bugabanuka hafi ku gice ca degre 8 yose iri hejuru ya degre 25 , kandi ubushuhe bwinshi buraduza ingorane z'ubushuhe-buhunga mu bikoresho vya litiyumu. Nickel-cadmium yihanganira umurongo wagutse kuruta iyindi yose, ikora kuva nko kuri −40 degre gushika kuri +60 degre ata bushobozi butakaza. Uko ubuhinga bwa shimi bwoba buri kwose, ubushuhe n’ugusohora umwuka ni vyo bihambaye mu bijanye n’umutekano n’ubuzima, rero n’ushire ubunini bw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku buryo bubi kuruta ubundi, atari ku rugero rwa mwayeni.
Ikibazo: Ni ubuhe bwoko bwiza bwa bateri y’ubushobozi bwo gucungera amakuru?
I: Bivana n’igihe umuntu akora n’ivyo ashira imbere. Ku rugendo rugufi-gushika ku ntango y’umuyagankuba (iminota 5–15), litiyumu-ion irarushiriza gukundwa kubera ko ifata umwanya muto cane wo hasi, ishiramwo ugukurikirana ubuzima mu gihe nyaco biciye mu BMS yayo, kandi imara igihe kirekire mu bikorwa. Ku bihe birebire vy’ibikorwa canke imigambi ikoreshwa n’ingengo y’imari, ivyuma vy’amazi (VRLA) biguma ari ibisanzwe kubera igiciro gitoyi c’imbere n’igihe kirekire gihagaze. Abakoresha benshi ubu barapima igiciro kinini c’itunga ry’ivyuma vy’i litiyumu ugereranyije n’ahantu hasubiye gukoreshwa be n’ugugabanya ugutunganywa. Inyishu ibereye kandi ifata ingingo ku bisabwa vy'umuriro-code y'ikigo cawe n'igihe ubucuruzi bushobora kwihanganira mu gihe co kwimurira.
Ikibazo: Ni gute ubuhinga bwo gucunga amabateri (BMS) butuma amabateri y’inganda akora neza?
I: BMS ni ubwonko bw’ubuhinga bwa none bw’ubuhinga bwa litiyumu. Iguma igenzura umuriro w’ingingo, ubushuhe, n’amashanyarazi, igatuma umuriro uri hagati y’ingingo, kandi igafunga iyo paki imbere y’uko ibintu bitera akaga, igakingira umuriro urenze urugero, ukurenza -ugusohoka, umurongo mugufi, n’ibintu bishobora gushika bitera ubushuhe. Uretse umutekano, birashoboza gucungera imbere y’igihe: mu gukurikirana imigenderanire no kugaragaza ukudahukana hakiri kare, biragufasha gufata ingingo zidakora neza imbere y’uko zituma zihagarara. Ivyuma vyinshi vy’inganda vya BMS bivugana biciye ku bisi ya CAN canke amasezerano asa n’ayo, kugira ngo bishobore gutanga amakuru mu mirongo y’uburongozi bw’ibikorwa kugira ngo bigenzurwe hamwe. Gukomeza gukoresha porogarama ya BMS ku gihe birashobora kwongereza ubuzima bwa bateri no gufungura ibintu bishasha uko igihe kigenda kirarenga.
Ikibazo: Mbega amabateri ya litiyumu-iyoni aratekanye mu gukoreshwa mu nganda?
I: Ego, iyo ikozwe neza, yemejwe, kandi ikabungabungwa. Ivyo bihangayikishije ni ivy’ukuri ariko birashobora gutorwa. Ivyuma vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’ubuhinga bwa litiyumu bikingira: gucungera ubushuhe, gukuraho umukazo, n’ubugenzuzi bwa BMS butandukanya ipaki imbere y’uko ikosa ritera. LFP chemistry cane cane itanga ugushikama gukomeye kw’ubushuhe ugereranyije na NMC. Ivyago biraduga iyo utugingo ngengabuzima twononekaye, uguhingura nabi, canke gusaba amahera hanze y’imipaka yategekanijwe, rero gushaka ibikoresho ku bacuruzi b’icubahiro no gushimika ku bibazo vy’icemezo ca UL 1973 na UL 9540 birahambaye. Ku bikorwa vyinshi-bihambaye vya UPS n'ibikorwa vyinshi, ubuhinga bwa litiyumu buteguwe neza buratekanye nk'ubundi buryo, igihe gusa gushiramwo n'ugusohora umwuka bikurikije amategeko y'aho hantu.
Ikibazo: Ni itandukaniro irihe riri hagati y’amabateri ya litiyumu ya LFP n’aya NMC yo kubika mu nganda?
I: Vyose ni litiyumu-ion, ariko bigurisha mu buryo butandukanye. LFP (lithium iron phosphate) itanga ubuzima buramba bw’ingendo, ubushuhe bukomeye, n’ingorane z’umuriro zigabanuka, ivyo bikaba biyigira ihitamwo risanzwe ry’ububiko buhagaze n’ubw’uruzitiro-aho umutekano n’ubuzima buramba biruta ubunini. NMC (nickel manganese cobalt) ipakira inguvu nyinshi mu buremere buke n'ubunini buke, ikunda uburemere- canke ikibanza-ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bigendagenda. Muri make, LFP itanga inzinguzingu nyinshi kandi yihanganira neza guhohoterwa, mu gihe NMC itanga inguvu nyinshi. Ku bubiko bwinshi bw’inganda n’ubudandaji buhagaze, LFP ni yo yacitse ikintu gisanzwe; NMC iracariho aho ikilo cose giharurwa. Igiciro n'ugutanga-ibintu vy'uruzitiro birarushiriza gufasha LFP na vyo nyene.
Ivyiza vyo gufata: Guhuza Bateri n’Akazi
Nta shimi n’imwe itsinda hose, rero reka igikorwa gifate ingingo. Ikoreshwa ryinshi-, inzinguzingu z'ibikorwa vyinshi -ihemba litiyumu -ion kwihuta gushaja, ubuzima buramba, n'uguhinduranya ibikorwa, ivyo bikaba bisubiza igiciro cavyo mu myaka mikeyi. Imigambi yoroshe-ikoreshwa n'ingengo y'imari-, cane cane iyo gusubiza inyuma aho uburemere butagira akamaro, akenshi iracari ikunda igiciro gito c'imbere c'aside y'amabuye y'agaciro n'ukwizigirwa kwemejwe. Ibidukikije bikomeye cane-ububiko bukonje, indege, inzira y'amagariyamoshi-bishobora gutuma habaho amabateri akoreshwa na nickel-naho igiciro kinini n'ingorane zijanye n'amategeko.
Imbere yo kugura, genda intambwe zitanu-igenzura: wemeze igihe c'ibikorwa, idirisha ry'ugushaja, ubushuhe, igiciro cose c'ubutunzi, n'icemezo hamwe n'ugushigikirwa n'abaguzi. Ku migambi y'ubudandaji n'uruzitiro-ihuye, amahitamwo yo gupimaubucuruzi n'inganda ububiko bw'inguvukare bigufasha gupima, kwemeza, no gutegura neza sisitemu. Kubera ko isoko riguma rigenda, nushimire imigero y’ibice isiga umwanya wo kwemera ubuhinga bushasha bw’imiti ata gusubirira ivyo washizeho vyose.