Ibice vy’ububiko bw’inguvu z’amabateri (BESS) biraboneka biciye ku bahinga b’abahinga, abatanga inguvu mu nganda, abatanga inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo, n’abatanga inguvu zihuriweko. Ivyo bikoresho birimwo ubucuti butaziguye hagati y’abahinguzi be n’imirongo y’ugukwiragiza ivyicaro vyinshi -ifatanye n’ibice vy’amabateri, uburyo bwo guhindura ubushobozi, uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri, ibikoresho vyo gucunga ubushuhe, n’imiti y’ibikoresho.
Gutahura uruhererekane rw'ibice vya BESS
Uruhererekane rw’ububiko bw’inguvu z’amabateri rukora ku rwego rwinshi, rumwe rumwe rukora ivyipfuzo bitandukanye vy’amasoko n’ingero z’imigambi. Ku rwego rw’abahinguzi, amashirahamwe nka CATL, BYD, LG Energy Solution, na Samsung SDI akora ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma. Abo bahinga bakorana n’abahinguzi bakuru-ku migambi y’amazi irenga 10 MWh.
Igitigiri c’abatanga ibicuruzwa kizuza ikinogo c’ibikorwa vy’ubudandaji n’ivy’inganda. Amashirahamwe nka Saft, Corvus Energy, na Simpliphi Power arabungabunga urutonde rw’ibintu kandi agatanga infashanyo y’ubuhinga ku migambi iri hagati ya kWh 100 na MWh 10. Iri soko ryo hagati rigereranya hafi 37% vy’ibikorwa vya BESS kw’isi yose hakurikijwe isesengura rya Wood Mackenzie ryo mu 2024.
Ukwifatanya ni ikintu gihambaye kuruta uko wovyiteze.Icigwa cakozwe mu 2024 na BloombergNEF casanze imigambi ikoresha ubuhinga bushizwe hamwe buva ku bacuruzi bamwebamwe, yarangije gushiramwo 23% vyihuta kuruta iyo ikoraniriza hamwe ibihimba bivuye ku baguzi benshi. Igihe co kuzigama cahinduwe amadolari 15-20 ku kWh mu kugabanya ibiciro vy’abakozi.
Ivyitegererezo bine vy'Isoko
Uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga amasoko burahuye n'ibisabwa bitandukanye vy'umugambi:
Amasoko y'umuhinguzi ataco akoraikora iyo ubunini bw’amategeko burenze 500 kWh kandi igihe co gutanga gishobora kwongerwa amezi 6-9. Nk’akarorero, Tesla Energy isaba amategeko makeyi agera kuri 2 MWh ku bikoresho vyabo vya Megapack. Ivyiza vy’igiciro biva kuri 8-12% ugereranyije n’igiciro c’abatanga, ariko uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu ku buryo bubereye buraba buke.
Imihora y'abakwiragizagutanga ibikoresho vyihuta (amayinga 4-12) n’amategeko makeyi (50-100 kWh). Abatanga nk’Ibikoresho vy’Inguvu na Greentech Renewables barabungabunga ububiko bwo mu karere mu masoko akomeye. Igiciro c’imbere ku giciro gishitse gisanzwe kiri kuri 10-15%, ariko kirimwo n’ibikorwa vy’agaciro nk’ugufasha mu guhingura ubuhinga n’uburongozi bw’igarantiya.
Abashiramwo sisitemunka Fluence, Wartsila, na Powin Energy batanga inyishu zitandukanye zifatanya ibihimba, ubuhinga, n’ugushiraho. Uburyo bwabo burakora neza cane ku bategura ivy'ubuhinga bwa mbere-babuze ubuhinga bwo mu nzu. Ivyo bikoresho bihurikiye hamwe bitegeka 18-25% vy’amahera y’imbere ku giciro c’ibice ariko bikagabanya cane ingorane z’umugambi.
Abahinga mu bicekwibanda ku bice vy’umubiri vyihariye. Amashirahamwe nka Dynapower na SMA Solar Technology akora ubuhinga bwo guhindura amashanyarazi gusa. Nuvation Energy ni umuhinga mu bijanye n’uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri. Iyi nzira iremeza guvanga ibice vyiza-mu-ivyigwa ariko bisaba ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gucunga umugambi.
Inkomoko ya Bateri n'Ibice
Ivyuma vy’amabateri bigereranya 40-50% vy’amahera yose BESS igura, ivyo bikaba bituma guhitamwo abaguzi biba ikintu gihambaye cane ku bukungu bw’umugambi. Isoko rigabanywamwo ibice bitatu vy’imiti, kimwe cose kikaba gifise inzira zitandukanye co kuronka.
Abagurisha ivyuma vya litiyumu (LFP)
Abashinwa abahinguzi ni bo baganzwa mu guhingura LFP. CATL ifise hafi 32% vy’isoko ry’isi yose ry’ibice vy’ububiko bw’ibice vy’ububiko bwa LFP. Amabateri yabo ashika ku buzima bw’ingendo 6.000-10.000 ku 80% y’uburebure bw’ugusohoka. EVE Energy na REPT Battero zikora nk’izindi nzira zifise igihe c’indwi 12-16 ku mategeko ari hejuru ya 1 MWh.
BYD ikora izo cellule zompi n’amabateri yuzuye. Uburyo bwabo buhuriweko buraryohera abahinguzi barondera ububasha bwo gutanga inkomoko imwe-. Ivyo bikoresho biherutse gukoreshwa muri California vyerekanye ko 94,5% vy’urugendo rw’urugendo rw’urugendo rw’ama MWh 100 rukora neza.
Ico kinogo c’ivyo mu Buraya gitanga kiratuma haba akaryo.Ihinguriro rya Northvolt rya Ett muri Suède ryatanguye gukora LFP mu mpera z’umwaka w’2023, ritanga uburyo bwo gushikana ibifungurwa mu ndwi 6 ku migambi yo mu Buraya. Ukwo gushaka ibintu mu gihugu bigabanya igihe co gutanga n’ugushirwa ahabona kw’ibiciro ugereranyije n’ibintu biva hanze biva muri Aziya.
Amahitamwo ya Litiyumu Nikeli Kobalti (NMC)
Igisubizo c’inguvu ca LG na Samsung SDI ni vyo birongoye ibikorwa vya NMC ku bikorwa vy’uruja n’uruza. Utugingo ngengabuzima twavyo dutanga 20-30% vy’inguvu nyinshi kurusha LFP-ihambaye ku bikoresho bifise ikibanza gito. Ariko rero, ubuzima bw’ingendo mu bisanzwe bushika gusa ku nzinguzingu 4.000-5.000 ku burebure bungana n’ubw’amazi asohoka.
Ivyo Panasonic ikora mw’ihinguriro ryabo ry’i Nevada Gigafactory bikoreshwa cane cane mu migambi yo muri Amerika y’Uburaruko. Uburyo bwabo bwo guhabwa uburenganzira busaba amezi 3-6 ku bakiriya bashasha, ariko abaguzi bemerewe bashobora gushika ku madirisho yo gushikana ibicuruzwa mu ndwi 8-10. Igiciro kigenda $85-95 ku kWh ku mategeko arenga 2 MWh.
SK On yinjiye mw’isoko ry’ububiko bw’ibintu bihagaze mu 2023 biciye mu kibanza cabo co guhingura ibintu co muri Georgia. Ivyo bikoresho vya mbere vyari vyibanze ku buryo bwo gukoresha amasaha 2 ku bikorwa vy’ubudandaji, n’amasaha 4 y’ivyo bikoresho yateguwe gutangura mu 2025.
Iteraniro ry'Ibice n'Ibikoresho
Ivyiyumviro vyakoranijwe imbere -vyorohereza ubufatanye ugereranyije n'ugugura ingingo z'umuntu ku giti ciwe. Ivyo bikoresho vy’amabateri bikonjeshwa n’amazi- vya Sungrow bifatanya uburongozi bw’ubushuhe mu bipimo vy’amashanyarazi 70 kWh. Igishushanyo cabo c'ibice kiremesha guhuza bihuye gushika ku rugero rwa megawatt nyinshi-.
Kokam ni umuhinga mu vy'ubushobozi bwinshi -bw'ibikorwa vyo gutegeka incuro. Igishushanyo cabo c’umubiri 26650 gitanga ibipimo vy’ugusohoka kwa 3C ugereranije n’ibipimo vy’ugusohoka kwa 1C biva ku turemangingo tw’amabara. Ubu bushobozi bw’ububasha butegeka 30-35% vy’ibiciro vy’imbere ariko bushoboza imigero mitoyi y’ibirenge ku bikorwa bisaba inyishu yihuta.
Uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi
Uburyo bwo guhindura ubushobozi (PCS) buhindura ubushobozi bwa bateri DC buja mu guhuza uruzitiro rwa AC. Ivyo bihinduzi vy’inzira zibiri bifata 15-20% vy’ibiciro vy’ubuhinga kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku biranga ibikorwa.
Abahinguzi ba PCS bashinzwe
Ikoranabuhanga ry’izuba rya SMA ritanga ama inverter kuva ku bushobozi bwa 100 kW gushika ku bushobozi bwa 4,6 MW. Urutonde rwabo rw'ububiko bwa Sunny Central Storage ruganzwa n'ibikoresho vyo mu Buraya bifise ukwizigirwa kwerekanwa mu myaka 15+ y'ugukoreshwa mu mirima. Icigwa cakozwe mu mwaka w’2024 na DNV casanze ama unités ya SMA yagumye afise ubushobozi 98,3% inyuma y’imyaka 10 akora.
Urutonde rwa ABB PCS800 rushingiye ku migambi y'urugero rw'ubuhinga-. Ubwubatsi bwavyo bushobora gutuma ubushobozi buva kuri 2 MW buja ku 20 MW biciye mu guhuza ibintu bihuye. Ibikorwa vy’ugufasha uruzitiro biteye imbere birimwo uguhagarara kw’ibintu n’ugutunganya umuriro-bigenda birushiriza kugira akamaro uko ubushobozi bwo kwinjira bushobora gusubirwamwo bugenda buraduga.
Dynapower ikora PCS cane cane yo kubika inguvu aho guhindura izuba. Ubu buhinga bushoboza ibiranga nk'ubushobozi bwo gutangura umwirabura n'uguhinduka hagati y'uruzitiro-gukurikirana n'uburyo bwo gukora uruzitiro-. Uburyo bwabo burafatanya cane n’ibikoresho bitandukanye vya BMS ugereranyije n’ibikoresho bihindura izuba-.
Uruzitiro ruriko rurakura -Ubushobozi bwo guhingura
Guhindukira ku bijanye n'uruzitiro-guhingura inverters bituma habaho ivyiyumviro bishasha vyo gutora. Uburyo bwa kera bwo gukurikira uruzitiro-busaba uruzitiro rw’umuriro rudahinduka, bikagabanya ubushobozi bwarwo mu bice vy’uruzitiro bigoyagoya canke mu mazinga make. Grid-ikora PCS ishobora gushinga ibimenyetso vy'umuriro n'incuro vyigenga.
Nidec ASI yateguye ubushobozi bwo gukora uruzitiro-mu murongo w'ibicuruzwa vyabo vya BESS Master. Ivyiyumviro vyakozwe mu bibanza vyo muri Australiya vyerekanye ko bikora neza bifise ibikoresho bishika ku 100% vy’inverter-ku bice vy’uruzitiro bitandukanye. Iryo koraniro ryongera amadolari nka 20-30 kuri kW ku giciro ca sisitemu ariko rifungura amafaranga mashasha ava mu bikorwa vyo gutuma uruja n’uruza rudahinduka.
Ikibazo c’uguhuza ni co gihambaye.Si ama PCS yose akora neza n’ubwoko bwose bwa bateri. Icigwa cakozwe na EPRI co mu 2024 caranditse ibihe 12 aho amabateri ya PCS- adahuye yatumye haba ibibazo vy’ugusenyuka vyihuta canke vy’igarantiya. Abahinguzi bararushiriza gusobanura ibihimba vy’umubiri bibereye kugira ngo birinde izo ngorane.
Guhitamwo uburyo bwo gucunga bateri
Uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri (BMS) buragenzura kandi bukagenzura urugero rw'umuriro, ubushuhe, n'ingene umuriro uri. Ivyuma vya BMS biteye imbere bivuga imbere y’igihe ivyo bizonanirwa kandi bikanonosora ingamba zo gushaja kugira ngo bateri zibeho.
Urubuga-Urugero rw'abatanga BMS
Nuvation Energy ikora ibikoresho vya BMS vy'ibice vy'umubiri vyagenewe utugingo ngengabuzima tw'ubuhinga bwa none. Igikoresho cabo ca BMSA10 gikurikirana utugingo ngengabuzima tugera kuri 12 n’uburyo bw’umuriro w’amashanyarazi 2 mV. Ubwubatsi busanzwe bushobora kwagura ubuhinga kuva ku 100 kWh gushika ku rugero rwa multi-MWh hakoreshejwe ibice bisa.
Orion BMS igamije gukoresha ibikoresho vy’ubudandaji bishika kuri 1 MWh. Uburyo bwabo burakorana ata nsinga n’ibimenyetso bikomeye vya PCS kandi burashigikira ubuhinga bwa LFP na NMC. Porogaramu yo gutunganya irashoboza gukoresha imigongo y'amashaja n'imirongo ngenderwako y'umutekano ata buhinga bwo gukora porogaramu.
Lithium Balance itanga BMS cane cane ku mabateri y'imodoka y'ubuzima bwa kabiri-. Uko amabateri y'imodoka zikoresha umuyagankuba ashika ku mpera-y'ubuzima bw'imodoka-hafi 70-80% y'ubushobozi bwayo bwa mbere, aguma ashobora kubikwa ahantu hamwe. Intumbero-yubatswe BMS ishoboza iki gice c'isoko mu gukorana n'uguhinduka kw'umuriro w'ingingo -ku-selula birenze ivyo umuntu ashobora kwihanganira.
Ugushiramwo amakuru n'isesengura
Ivyuma vya BMS vya none birarenga ugukurikirana kw’ishimikiro gushika ku gusesangura ivy’imbere y’igihe. Igikoresho ca Stem citwa Athena gikoranya amakuru mu bibanza vyinshi kugira ngo kimenye uburyo bwo kwonona no gutuma ingamba zo gutanga amakuru zigenda neza. Ivyigwa vyabo vy’imashini vyatumye ubuzima bwa bateri butera imbere ku rugero rwa 15-20% mu kugerageza kugereranya urutonde rw’ishimikiro rwo gucapura/gukuraho.
Greensmith (yaronswe na Wartsila) ihuza amakuru ya BMS n’ibikoresho vyo gutuma ubutunzi butera imbere. Ubuhinga burahindura uburyo bwo gushaja bushingiye ku giciro c’amashanyarazi kivugwa be n’ibiciro vy’ugusenyuka kw’amabateri. Igikoresho kimwe co muri Texas caratumye amafaranga yinjira mu mwaka yongera amadolari 42.000 biciye ku bucuruzi bwiza bwa arbitrage bwashobojwe n’iyi nzira y’ubuhinga.
Ibice vyo gucunga ubushuhe
Gucungera ubushuhe biragira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwa bateri n'ubuzima buramba. Ivyiyumviro vy'ubuhinga bw'ingingo vyihuta iyo ubushuhe buri hejuru, bishobora kugabanya ubuzima n'ibice 50% iyo bikora ubudasiba hejuru ya degre 35.
Ubwoko bw'uburyo bwo gukonjesha
Gukonjesha umuyaga udakorabihagije ku bikoresho bitobito biri munsi ya 200 kWh mu bidukikije bigenzurwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere-. Abahinguzi nka Simpliphi Power bashiramwo ibikoresho bifata ubushuhe n’imiterere y’ibintu biva mu mazi. Gushiramwo bigura amadolari 8-12 ku kWh ariko ubushuhe bushobora gushika kuri degre 10-15.
Gukonjesha umuyaga ukoraikoresha abafana kugira ngo ihatire umuyaga guca mu bice vy’amabateri. Ivyombo vya Sungrow bikonjeshwa n’umuyaga-bigumya ubushuhe buri munsi ya degre 5 ku ruhande rwose rw’amabateri. Ubwo buryo bwongerako amadolari 15-20 ku kWh mu giciro c’ibihimba hamwe n’ugukoresha inguvu ziguma zikoreshwa 1-2% vy’ubushobozi bwa sisitemu.
Gukonjesha amaziashika ku kugenzura ubushuhe bikomeye kuruta ibindi vyose. Megapack ya Tesla izunguruka umuvango wa glycol biciye mu masahani akonje yinjijwe mu bice vy’amabateri. Ivyo bituma ubushuhe bw’ingingo buguma hagati ya degre ±2 mu gisata cose. Ivyo bikoresho bigura amadolari 35-45 ku kWh ariko bishobora gutuma umuntu ashobora gutanga imyaka irenga 20 mu bihe bimwe bimwe.
Abatanga ibikoresho vyo gucunga ubushuhe
Boyd Corporation ikora amasahani y’amazi akonje n’ibikoresho vy’ubushuhe vyo gukoresha mu bikorwa vya BESS. Ikorabuhanga ryabo ryo gukonjesha ry’inzira zibiri-ritanga ubushuhe 3x neza kurusha ubuhinga bw’inzira imwe-, bikaba vyemerera imiterere y’uburemere bw’inguvu nyinshi.
Parker Hannifin itanga ibikoresho vyo gutanga amazi akonjesha n’uburyo bwo kugenzura. Uburyo bwabo buhuriweko burimwo amapompo, amavalve, ibimenyetso vy’ubushuhe, n’ubuhinga bwo kugenzura mu makoraniro yageragejwe imbere y’igihe. Umuhinguzi umwe yavuze ko 60% vy’igihe co gukoranya ibintu bigabanutse hakoreshejwe ibice vya Parker vy’ibintu bimwebimwe ugereranije n’ugukoranya ibintu bimwebimwe.
Ibisubizo vy'ibikoresho n'ivy'urufunguzo
Imbere-uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho vy'ibikoresho bugenda neza mu gukoresha imigambi y'urugero rw'ubuhinga-. Ivyo bisubizo vyuzuye birimwo amabateri, PCS, BMS, HVAC, ibikoresho vyo kuzimya umuriro, n’ibikoresho vyo guhindura umuriro biri mu bibanza bishobora gukingira ibihe.
Abashiramwo ubuhinga buhambaye
Ibintu vya Fluence Energy vyitwa Cube na GridStack nivyo biganzwa n’ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwa none muri Amerika y’Uburaruko. 4.3 GWh zabo z’imirongo yashizweho kuva hagati-2024 zitanga amakuru yimbitse yerekeye ibikorwa. Igihe co gushiramwo ibintu gifata amayinga 6-8 ku mirongo ngenderwako, ugereranyije n’indwi 12-16 ku mirongo ihuriweko.
Wartsila (biciye mu kugura Greensmith) itanga urubuga rw’inguvu z’ubuhinga bwa none rwa GEMS iruhande y’ibikoresho. Ico gice ca porogarama gicungera ubuhinga bwinshi bw’amabateri, amatara y’izuba, n’amageneratore nk’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi vy’ubuhinga bwa none. Imigambi yo muri California yerekanye ko ubutunzi bwateye imbere 12-15% biciye mu guhuza ivy’ubutunzi.
Powin Energy ikora ubuhinga bwa module kuva kuri 1 MW gushika kuri 10+ MW ikoresheje ibirundo vy’amabateri biva ku bacuruzi benshi. Iyi nzira y'inkomoko nyinshi-itanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho -bikomeye kubera ubukene bw'ingingo bwagize ingaruka ku nganda mu 2021-2022. Igikoresho cabo ca Centipede kiremesha guvanga ubwoko bw’amabateri mu gushiramwo ibintu bimwe bimwe.
Abaguzi bo mu karere
Abanyaburaya bafatanyabikorwa nka Tesvolt na FENECON bakorera ibice vy’ubudandaji n’inganda. Ivyuma vya Tesvolt TS-I biva ku 70 kWh gushika ku 240 kWh hakoreshejwe ibice bimwe bimwe. Ivyo gukora mu Budagi bigabanya igihe co gushikana ibintu ku ndwi 4-6 ku migambi yo mu Buraya bwo hagati.
Muri Ostraliya, ishirahamwe ryitwa Energy Renaissance rikora ubuhinga bukoresheje amabateri akoranijwe mu karere. Ubwo buryo burafata inzego nziza z’inzego z’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo mu gihe burema uruhererekane rw’ugutanga ingufu zo mu gihugu. 133 kWh yabo Renaissance One igamije inyuma y'ibikorwa vy'ubudandaji vy'imetero.
Ivyiyumviro vy'aho umuntu akomoka
Ubwinshi bw’ibice n’ibiciro biratandukanye cane hakurikijwe akarere kubera ubuhinga bwo gukora, amategeko y’ubudandaji, n’imirongo y’ubuhinga.
Aziya-Igihugu c'Ikiyaga ca Pasifike
Ubushinwa bukora hafi 75-80% vy’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa litiyumu-ion vyo kw’isi yose kugira ngo bibe ahantu hadahinduka. Ibiciro vy'uguhiganwa biva ku gukorana mu buryo buhagaze gushika ku gucukura amabuye y'agaciro ya litiyumu biciye mu guhingura utugingo ngengabuzima. Ibiciro vya FOB Shanghai vy’amaseli ya LFP bigenda amadolari 70-80 ku kWh ku mategeko y’urugero rwa megawatt.
Ariko rero, ibiciro vyo gutwara ibintu mu bwato vyariyongereyeko 200-300% ugereranyije n’ivyo vyariho imbere y’umwaka w’2020. Uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu mu kiyaga 2 MWh butera amadolari 80.000-120.000 mu gutwara ibintu mu kiyaga biva mu Bushinwa bikaja ku vyambu vyo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga ca Amerika. Ivyo bihembo vy’ivy’ubuhinga vyongera amadolari 40-60 ku kWh ku bihembo vy’ubutaka.
Igihe co kurongora kiragwira mu bihe vy’isonga.Amategeko ashizwe mu Q3-Q4 akenshi ahura n’amadirisho yo gushikana amezi 6-9 kuko abahinguzi bashira imbere amasezerano manini y’ibikorwa vy’amazi. Abaguzi b’ingene bobikora baratanga amategeko amezi 12-18 imbere kugira ngo bashobore gutanga ubushobozi.
Uguhingura ibintu muri Amerika y'Uburaruko
Ibisabwa mu bijanye n’ibintu vyo mu gihugu biri mw’Itegeko ryo Kugabanya Inflation biratera intege abantu bo muri Amerika y’Uburaruko. Imigambi ikoresha ibihimba vyakozwe muri Amerika-ironka 10-20% vy’imisoro myinshi-bikaba ari vyo bisubiza inyuma igiciro c’ubu c’ibikorwa vyo mu gihugu.
KORE Power ikoresha uruganda rwo gukora ama cells y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi 12 GWh muri Arizona. Ivyo bakora muri Amerika bigabanya igihe co gushika ku ndwi 8-12 kandi bikakuraho amakori ku bicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa. Ibiciro bigenda hafi 15% hejuru y’ibindi bikoresho vyo muri Aziya ariko imigambi yemerewe irasubiza inyuma itandukaniro biciye mu nyungu z’imisoro.
Eos Energy ikora amabateri y'ivyuma muri Pennsylvanie. Naho imipaka y'uburemere bw'inguvu iri hasi iryoshe ku bikorwa vy'ikirere-bifise uburenganzira, ubuhinga bwa shimi buratanga ibiranga umutekano mwiza cane n'ubuzima bw'imyaka 20+ butegekanijwe. Abaguzi babo harimwo amashirahamwe y’amazi mu bice bishobora guterwa n’umuriro-bashaka ko ibikoresho vyo kwirinda bigabanywa.
Amasoko y'i Buraya
Ico kigo ca Northvolt co muri Suède gitanga ama cells ya LFP na NMC ku migambi yo mu Buraya. Ibiciro vy’uguhingura birenze abahinguzi bo muri Aziya n’ibice 10-15%, ariko gushaka ibikoresho vyo mu karere birinda ugucererwa kw’ibicuruzwa vyo mu bwato be n’uburyo bwo guhindura imipaka y’umuyagankuba bushirwa mu ngiro n’ishirahamwe ry’ubumwe bw’Uburayi.
Bateri ya Freyr itegura ubushobozi bwo gukora 43 GWh muri Norvege ikoresheje inguvu z'amazi-zituma habaho icemezo ca bateri "zero-carbon". Amasezerano y’abaguzi ya mbere yerekana ko bafise umutima ukunze wo kwishura 5-8% vy’amahera y’imbere y’igihe ku bijanye n’imirongo y’ibikoresho vyerekana ko ikoresha umuyagankuba mutoyi uko ibisabwa n’ishirahamwe ESG bigenda birakomera.
Abatanga ibice vy'inyongera
Uretse ibikoresho vy’inguvu nyamukuru, gukoresha neza BESS bisaba guzimya umuriro, gukurikirana, n’ibihimba vy’ibikorwa remezo.
Uburyo bwo kuzimya umuriro
Umuriro w’amabateri uratanga ingorane zidasanzwe zo kuwuzimya. Uburyo bwa kera bwo gutera amazi buragaragaza ko butagira akamaro ku bikorwa vy’ubushuhe bwa litiyumu-ion. Ubu uburyo bwihariye bwo kumenya no guhagarika ubu buragize ibihimba bisabwa kugira ngo umuntu yemererwe ubwishingizi.
Firetrace ikora uburyo bwo guhagarika ibisasu vyihariye ku bikoresho vy’amabateri. Ico gikoresho cabo kiramenya ibintu bishika mu gihe c’ubushuhe mu masegonda 100 maze kigakoresha ibintu bigabanya ubushuhe imbere y’uko utugingo ngengabuzima-to -utugingo ngengabuzima dukwiragira. Abahinga mu vy’ubwishingizi bararushiriza gusaba mwene izo nzira, bongerako amadolari 8-15 ku kWh ku giciro c’umugambi.
3M itanga ubuhinga bwo kuzimya umuriro bukoresheje gaze Novec 1230 buzimya umuriro ata mazi yononekaye ku bihimba vy’ubuhinga bwa none. Umuriro umwe wo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga ca West Coast watumye habaho ubuhinga bwa Novec bwatumye habaho amadolari 78.000 yo gusubirira ama module-ugereranije n’amadolari 650.000 yose hamwe yahomvye mu muriro nk’uwo ataco wazimye.
Gukurikirana no kugenzura
SCADA (Igenzura ry’Ubugenzuzi n’Ikuronka Amakuru) sisitemu zikoranya amakuru mu bice vyose vya sisitemu. Igikoresho ca GE Digital citwa Proficy kigenzura ibihumbi vy’ibiharuro ku segonda, bikaba bishoboza gucungera no gutuma ibikorwa bigenda neza.
Abagurisha RTU (Igice c’Ibikoresho vyo Kure) nka Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories batanga ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none bihuza ibikoresho vyo mu murima n’ugukurikirana hagati. Ukwizigirwa kwa SEL mu bidukikije bikomeye-umucuruzi umwe yavuze ko 99.7% vy’igihe co gukora mu bibanza vy’ubugaragwa birenze ubushuhe bwa degre 50.
Uburinganire bwa sisitemu
Abahinguzi b’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi nka Eaton na Schneider Electric batanga ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi biri hagati-bihuza BESS n’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi. Gupima neza ibikoresho vy’uguhindura umuriro birabuza ibintu vy’amashanyarazi birenze urugero vyononekaye ibikoresho mu migambi myinshi ya mbere.
Abahinguzi b’imirongo batanga insinga z’amashanyarazi n’iz’itumanaho zigenewe ibidukikije vya BESS. Prysmian na Nexans batanga intsinga zifise ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’umuriro 1000V DC zifise ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’umuriro-bihambaye cane kubera inguvu nyinshi zikoreshwa.
Ingamba zo gutanga amasoko n'ivyo kwiyumvira
Kuroranirwa mu kuronka ibihimba bisaba guhuza ibintu vyinshi birenze kugereranya ibiciro vyoroshe.
Ubushobozi n'ikigeragezo
Ivyuma vyinshi vy’amazi n’ivy’ubudandaji bisaba ko umuntu agira igerageza ryigenga imbere y’uko ibikoresho vyemezwa. Ivyumba vy’igerageza nka UL, Intertek, na TÜV Rheinland bitanga ibikorwa vy’ugutanga icemezo. Ingingo y’imari y’indwi 8-12 n’amadolari 50.000-150.000 yo gupima mu buryo bushitse ibihimba bishasha bihuriweko.
Ivyagezwe vyo mu ndimiro biragenda birushiriza kuba inzira zo guhabwa uburenganzira. Umugambi w'"inzu y'amatara" ku rugero rugabanutse uremeza kwemeza ibikorwa imbere y'uko ushirwa mu ngiro. Umuhinguzi umwe yaragerageje abaguzi batatu bariko barahiganwa ku bikoresho vy’amabateri 500 kWh imbere yo guhitamwo umwe wo kwubaka 50 MWh-out.
Imiterere y'Igarantiya
Amajambo ya garanti ya bateri agira ingaruka nyinshi ku bukungu bw'umugambi. Benshi mu bahinga baratanga icemeza ko 70-80% y’ubushobozi buzogumaho ku mpera y’igihe c’igarantiya-mu bisanzwe imyaka 10-20. Ariko rero, imirongo y’ugusenyuka iratandukanye cane ku bicuruzwa.
Soma icapa ciza cane ku bijanye n’imipaka y’ivyo ukora.Hariho garanti zigabanya inguvu zose zishobora gukoreshwa mu kiringo c’igaranti. Bateri ishobora gukoreshwa incuro 4.000 irashikirwa n’imipaka: inzinguzingu imwe yuzuye ku musi ishika ku gipimo mu myaka 11 ugereranije n’igihe c’imyaka 15 umuhinguzi atanga. Imigambi irenze imipaka y’ubushobozi iratakaza garanti naho yoba isigaye mu kiringo c’igihe.
Ivyemezo vy’ibikorwa birarushiriza kwongereza ivyemezo vy’ishimikiro. Aya masezerano yiyemeza ingero zidasanzwe z’ubushobozi canke ijana kw’ijana ry’ubushobozi, n’inyungu z’ivyago kubera ukudakora neza. Umugambi umwe wo muri California wararonse ingwati z’ibikorwa zifise agaciro k’amadolari 250.000 ku mwaka-agereranya 3-4% vy’agaciro k’umugambi.
Amasezerano y'igihe kirekire-
Amasezerano y'ugutanga ibice akwiye gufasha inyuma y'ugushiraho-. Ivyiza vyo kwitwararika ni ibi:
Ibice vy'inyuma bibonetse:Ibintu bihambaye nk’ibipande vya BMS canke ibipande vy’ubugenzuzi vya PCS bisaba gusubirwamwo ningoga. Umugambi umwe warahagaze ku nguvu imisi 23 igihe urubaho rw’inverter rwari rwananiwe rwahura n’igihe c’indwi 6 co gutegeka kivuye ku bacuruzi bo mu mahanga.
Ivyagezwe kuri porogaramu:BMS na PCS firmware iratera imbere kugira ngo ishobore gutorera umuti ibibazo no kwongerako ibintu. Kumenya neza ko uburenganzira bwo kuvugurura buzoshika mu kiringo c'igarantiya ata bindi bihembo vy'uruhusha vy'inyongera.
Inyishu y'ubufasha mu vy'ubuhinga:Sigura igihe c'inyishu SLAs ku bijanye n'ubufasha bwo kure n'ubw'urubuga. Amasezerano amwe asobanura inyishu y’amasaha 4-ku telefone n’amasaha 24 y’ugutuma ku kibanza ku bibazo bikomeye.
Ivyiyumviro bishasha
Isoko ry’ibice vya BESS rirabandanya gutera imbere cane, rituma habaho amahirwe mashasha yo gutora ibikoresho n’ingorane.
Ubwa kabiri-Ubuzima bwa Bateri
Bateri z'imodoka za litiyumu-ion zifata ikiruhuko hafi 70-80% vy'ubushobozi bwa mbere zitanga uburyo bwo kubika buzimvye-. BMW na Nissan zashizeho porogarama zo gutanga amapaki y’ubuzima bwa kabiri ava ku modoka zikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba. Ibiciro biva ku madolari 40-60 ku kWh n’amadolari 100-120 ku bice bishasha.
Ingorane zirimwo uguhinduka kw’umuriro mwinshi mu ngingo z’umubiri be n’igihe c’ubuzima gisigaye kitamenyekana. BMS yihariye iva mu masosiyete nka Lithium Balance ivuga ku bijanye n’uguringaniza umuriro, ariko ibiharuro vy’agaciro k’amasigarira bifise ukudakeka kwinshi. Ivy’amahera y’umugambi w’ubuhinga busanzwe bigereranya imyaka 5-7 gusa y’ugukoresha amabateri y’ubuzima bwa kabiri.
Ukwemera iyoni ya sodiyumu-
CATL yatanguye gukora amabateri y’isodium{0}}ion mu 2023. Uburemere bw’inguvu buke (120-150 Wh/kg ugereranije na 150-200 ku LFP) buragabanya ibikorwa mu bihe aho umwanya udakenewe. Ariko rero, ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukora neza mu bihe vy’ubukonje be n’igiciro gito c’ibikoresho biratuma umuntu akwegera.
Ubu ubuhinga bwo gutanga amasoko bushingiye ku bahinga b'abashinwa, ariko amashirahamwe menshi yo mu Buraya no muri Amerika y'Uburaruko yatangaje ko azokora ivyo bikoresho mu mwaka w'2024-2025. Ivyiyumviro vy’ibiciro vyerekana ko 20-30% vy’ibiciro bizogabanywa ugereranije na LFP igihe umusaruro uzoba uriko uratera imbere-bishobora guhungabanya isoko ry’ububiko bw’amasaha 2-4.
Iterambere ry'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho vyo mu gihugu
Inkurikizi za Leta zituma ibikorwa vyo mu gihugu vyihuta. Ivyo Canada yashoye mu bijanye n’ugutanga amabateri vy’amadolari 13 miliyaridi vyatumye habaho uburyo bushasha bwo kuronka ibikoresho vy’amabateri, gukora amaseli, no gukoranya amamodule. Imigambi iri hafi y’ibibanza vy’ubuhinga bwo guhingura ibintu muri Ontario na Québec iraronka uburyo bugufi bwo gutanga ibikoresho kandi igabanura amafaranga.
Ishirahamwe ry’akazoza ka Australiya ryitwa Made in Australiya ritanga amahera yo gutunganya ivyuma vy’imbere y’ibindi n’ugukoranya ivyuma vy’ivyuma. Ivyo bituma habaho ubundi buryo bwo gushaka ibikoresho vyo muri Pasifike ku migambi yo muri Aziya irondera guhindura uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho kure y’ubuhinga bwihariye bw’Ubushinwa-.
Inzego z'Isoko
Bivuye ku gukoresha neza, uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko butunganye buragabanya ingorane kandi bugatuma n’ibiciro bigenda neza.
Icigwa ca 1: Insobanuro y'ibisabwa
Sobanura neza ibisabwa mu gukoresha imbere yo gukoresha abaguzi:
Igihe co gusohoka:Amategeko y'incuro z'isaha imwe asaba guhindura neza bitandukanye n'amasaha ane y'inguvu z'ubukemurampaka
Incuro z'ingendo:Gutwara ikinga buri musi vyihuta gukoresha garanti ugereranije n'ugukoresha buri ndwi
Ibibujijwe ku rubuga:Ikirenge kiriho gishobora gutegeka ibisabwa vy'uburemere bw'inguvu
Amakode y'uruzitiro:Ibisabwa vyo guhuza ibintu mu karere bigena ibisobanuro vya PCS
Ivyerekeye ibidukikije:Ubushuhe bukaze, uturere tw'imitingito, canke umunyu wo ku nkengera y'ikiyaga biragira ico bikoze ku guhitamwo ibice
Icigwa ca 2: Isuzuma ry'inkomoko nyinshi-
Irinde kwisunga inkomoko imwe-mu gutora abaguzi 2-3 ku gice kinini. Uguhungabana kw’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho kw’umuhinga umwe vyatumye bateba amezi 6 n’amadolari 2 miliyoni y’amahera batakaje igihe umuhinguzi wabo w’ivyuma bimwe bimwe yashikirwa n’ingorane zo gukora.
Gusaba ivyerekanwa kugira ngo bigeragezwe bikomeye. Ivyitegererezo vy'utugingo ngengabuzima twa bateri vyemeza kugenzura kwigenga kw'ibisobanuro. Umugambi umwe wabonye ubushobozi nyabwo buke 12% ugereranije n'ibirego vy'amakuru-kugaragaza ukudahuza imbere y'uko amasezerano asinywa vyazigamye amadolari 350.000.
Icigwa ca 3: Gushushanya igiciro cose
Gufata ibiciro vy'ubuzima birenze igiciro co kugura:
Gushiraho abakozi:Imbere-uburyo buhuriweko bugabanya igikorwa co mu murima n'amasaha 40-60 kuri MW
Ibisabwa mu kwitaho:Hariho imigero ishobora gusubirizwa ata n'imirongo iri hafi, igabanura igihe co guhagarara
Gutakaza ubushobozi:2% itandukaniro ry'ubushobozi ry'ingaruka zikomeye ku nyungu mu myaka 15-20 y'ubuzima bw'umugambi
Igitigiri c'ugusenyuka:Bateri igabanuka gushika ku 70% y'ubushobozi mu mwaka wa 10 ugereranije n'umwaka wa 15 biragira ingaruka zikomeye ku nyungu z'amahera
Icigwa ca 4: Gutuma amasezerano agenda neza
Ingingo nyamukuru z'amasezerano zikingira agaciro k'umugambi:
Uburyo bwo guhindura igicirogukingira uguhinduka kw’ibiciro vy’ibintu. Amasezerano amwe yaboshe igiciro c’ibihimba vya nyuma n’ibiciro vy’ibintu vya litiyumu carbonate kuva kw’itariki yo gutanga-ugukingira umuguzi igihe ibiciro vyagabanutse 35% mu kiringo c’amezi 9.
Gutevya ivyononekayegusubiza inyuma urutonde rwo gutanga ibifungurwa rwabuze. Ivyiyumviro bisanzwe biva kuri 0,5-1% vy’agaciro k’ibice ku ndwi y’ugucererwa, bikaba bishika kuri 10-15% vyose hamwe.
Amabwirizwa y'ikigeragezo co kwemeragusobanura ingingo z’ibikorwa zifise intumbero. Shiramwo ingingo z'igerageza ry'uwundi muntu wigenga-niba amakuru y'umucuruzi w'ibice adahuye n'ibisobanuro.
Ibibazo bikunze kwibazwa
Igihe co gushika ku bice vya BESS ni ikihe?
Igihe co gutanga kirahindagurika bivanye n'ubwoko bw'ibice n'ubunini bw'itegeko. Amabateri y’abahinguzi bakuru asaba amezi 6-12 ku mategeko arenga 2 MWh, naho abatanga amabateri babika amabateri makeyi aboneka mu ndwi 4-8. Uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi busanzwe burungikwa mu mezi 3-4. Ivyo bikoresho vyuzuye biva ku mezi 6-8 ku bijanye n’imiterere isanzwe gushika ku mezi 12-15 ku migero isanzwe. Ivyerekeye uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho vyerekana ko hariho iterambere kuva mu 2021-2022, ariko gutegura amezi 12-18 imbere biracari vyiza ku migambi y’ubuhinga.
Noshobora kuvanga ibihimba biva ku bahinga batandukanye?
Guvanga ibihimba birashoboka ariko bisaba ubuhinga bwo gukora neza. Ivyuma vya bateri bitegerezwa guhura mu rwego rw'umuriro n'ubushobozi-mu bisanzwe ±2%. BMS na PCS bitegerezwa guhanahana amakuru biciye ku masezerano ahuye nka Modbus canke CAN bus. Ikiruta vyose, suzuma ko uburyo bwawe bwo gukorana n’abandi butakuraho garanti z’ibice vy’umuntu ku giti ciwe. Imigambi myinshi yarahuye n'amatati y'igarantiya igihe abaguzi bavuga ko ukunanirwa kwavuye ku gukorana nabi n'ibice vy'uwundi muntu. Inyishu zihuriweko zivuye ku bahinga bamwebamwe zigabanya ivyo bibazo.
Ni gute ibisabwa vyo mu gihugu bigira ico bikoze ku gutora ibice?
Itegeko ry’Amerika ryo kugabanya inflation ritanga 10-20% vy’imisoro myinshi ku migambi ikoresha ibihimba bikoreshwa mu gihugu. Ibice bitegerezwa gushika ku rugero rwihariye rw’ibintu vyo mu gihugu: 40% ku bikoresho vyakozwe mu 2024, bikaduga bikagera kuri 55% mu 2027. Ibice bikozwe muri Canada biharurwa nk’ivyo mu gihugu hakurikijwe amategeko ya USMCA. Abategura imigambi bakwiye gushushanya uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho vyo mu gihugu no hanze kugira ngo bamenye uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga ubutunzi bushingiye ku kibanza cabo c’imisoro n’igihe.
Ni ivyemezo ibihe ibice vya BESS bikwiye kuba bifise?
Ivyemezo nyamukuru ni UL 1973 ku mirongo y’amabateri, UL 9540 ku mirongo y’ububiko bw’inguvu bushitse, na UL 9540A ku mirongo ngenderwako y’igerageza ry’umuriro. IEEE 1547 icemezo kigaragaza ko uruzitiro rwubahiriza amategeko. Ivyemezo mpuzamakungu nka IEC 62619 canke ikimenyetso CE bifasha gutora amasoko kw’isi yose. Hari amashirahamwe y'amazi aguma afise urutonde rw'abaguzi bemerewe rusaba amategeko yihariye y'igerageza. Gusaba inyandiko z'icemezo hakiri kare mu nzira yo gushaka-imigambi myinshi yabonetse ko ibice vyatowe bitagira ivyemezo bisabwa, bikaba vyatumye habaho ugusubirira gutwara amahera menshi canke porogarama z'igerageza zagutse.
Gutera imbere n'ugushaka
Ivyemezo vyo gutora ibikoresho bihindura ubutunzi bw’umugambi, ukwizigirwa, n’imikorere y’ibikorwa mu myaka yose y’ubuzima bw’urutonde. Ivyo bibanza birabandanya gutera imbere uko ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bugenda buragwira mu karere kandi ubuhinga bushasha bukaza.
Zirikana ibisabwa vy’umugambi wawe vyihariye ku bijanye n’igihe, uburyo bwo gutwara amagare, ingorane z’ahantu, n’igihe igihe usuzuma abaguha. Igiciro c'ibice gitoyi cane nticama gitanga inyungu nziza z'umugambi-cane cane iyo itandukaniro ry'ubushobozi, ibiciro vy'ugusenyuka, canke amasezerano y'igaranti bigira ingaruka nyinshi ku gaciro k'igihe kirekire-.
Kugira ubucuti n’abaguzi benshi mu bijanye n’ugutanga ibicuruzwa bitanga uguhindura uko ivy’isoko bihinduka. Umuhinguzi umwe azi utuntu n’utundi arabungabunga abaguzi bashoboye ku migabane itatu, ivyo bikaba bituma bashobora gutuma amasoko agenda neza bivanye n’igihe co gutegura ibintu, ibiciro be n’ingene amahera ahinduka.
Ivyemezo vy’ubuhinga bifatwa mu gihe co guhitamwo ibice bizogira ico bikoze ku mikorere y’umugambi wawe mu myaka mirongo. Gufata umwanya wo gusuzuma neza amahitamwo, kugerageza ibice bihambaye, no gutegura uburinzi bukwiye bw’amasezerano birerekana ko ari vyiza ugereranyije n’agaciro k’ubuzima buri mu kaga.
Ivyiyumviro nyamukuru vyo kwitwararika mu kugura ibice:
Huza ubushobozi bw'ibice n'ibisabwa mu gukoresha (igihe co gusohoka, incuro z'ingendo, ubushobozi bukenewe)
Gusuzuma igiciro cose c'ubuzima harimwo gushiramwo, gutakaza ubushobozi, n'ibipimo vy'ugusenyuka-atari igiciro co kugura gusa
Guha uburenganzira abaguzi benshi ku rwego rw'ibice kugira ngo ugume uruhererekane rw'uguhindura
Ingingo y'imari 12-amezi 18 y'amasoko y'ibikorwa vy'ubuhinga harimwo n'igerageza n'ubushobozi
Suzuma neza amasezerano ya garanti, cane cane imipaka y'ubushobozi n'ingwati z'ibikorwa
Rimbura inkurikizi z'ubuhinga bwo mu karere n'ingaruka zavyo ku bukungu bw'imigambi
Raba neza ko ibice vyose bifise ivyemezo bisabwa ku bubasha bwawe n'uguhuza ibikoresho
Amasezerano y'imiterere n'uguhindura ibiciro, gutevya ivyononekaye, n'amategeko asobanutse yo gupima kwemera
Impanuro yo guteza imbere uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho:
Amabateri: Gushinga ubucuti n’abaguzi 2-3 mu bihugu bitandukanye
Guhindura ubushobozi: Imbere-abaguzi ba PCS bahuye n'ibibanza vyatowe vya bateri
Ubufatanye bwa sisitemu: Gusuzuma abatanga urufunguzo n'uburyo bwo gukoranya ibice
Uburyo bwo gufasha: Inkomoko y'umuriro wo kuzimya no kugenzura ibikoresho mu ntango z'igice co guhingura
Igerageza n'Icemezo: Gutegura umwanya n'ubutunzi bihagije vyo kwemeza umuntu yigenga