Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu za bateri BESS buraboneka biciye ku bahinga, abashiramwo ubuhinga, abakozi ba EPC, n’abatanga amasoko y’ubuhinga-, ubudandaji, inganda, n’amasoko y’amazu. Inzira y'amasoko ivana n'urugero rw'umugambi, ibisabwa vy'ubuhinga, n'uko ukeneye umuti w'urufunguzo canke ugugura ku rugero rw'ibice-.
Kuronka umucuruzi BESS wo kubika inguvu z’amabateri akwiye birimwo gutahura imiterere y’uruhererekane rw’ugutanga. Ku rugero rw’uguhingura, amashirahamwe nka CATL, Tesla, BYD, na Sungrow akora amabateri n’ibindi bikoresho bihurikiye hamwe. Abakorana n’ibindi bikoresho nka Fluence na Siemens Energy bafatanya ivyo bihimba n’ibikoresho bihindura amazi n’ibikoresho vyo kugenzura. Abakozi ba EPC ni bo bajejwe gutanga umugambi wose harimwo no gushiramwo no gutanga.
Gutahura ububiko bw'inguvu za bateri BESS uruhererekane
Inganda zibika amabateri zikora biciye mu nzego zitandukanye z’abaguzi, umwe wese afise uruhara rutandukanye mu gutegura umugambi.
Urugero rwa 1: Abahinguzi b'utugingo ngengabuziman’uguhingura amabateri y’umuyagankuba abika inguvu. CATL ifise 38,2% vy’isoko ry’isi yose mu ntango za 2025, ikurikirwa na BYD ku 16,9%. Abo bahinga bakorera cane cane abakorana n'abantu benshi aho gukorera abakiriya ba nyuma. EVE Energy, Hithium, na REPT ni bo babiri ba mbere mu guhingura utugingo ngengabuzima, bose hamwe bakaba bagenzura ibice birenga 70% vy’ivyo bakora kw’isi yose.
Urugero rwa 2: Abashiramwo sisitemun’uburyo bwo guhindura ubushobozi, gucunga ubushuhe, no kugenzura porogarama zibe ibisubizo vy’ububiko bw’inguvu z’amabateri BESS. Tesla ni yo irongoye n’ibice 15% vy’isoko, irungika 40 GWh ku mwaka ivuye mu ruganda rwayo rwa California Megapack. Sungrow irakurikira cane ku 14%, imaze gufunga cane ikinogo kuva kuri 11% mu 2023. Izo sosiyete zigurisha ataco zihinduye ku bigo vy’amazi, abaterambere, n’abaguzi bakuru b’ubudandaji.
Urugero rwa 3: Abakozi ba EPCgutanga ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga, amasoko n’ubwubatsi. Amashirahamwe nka Edina, BEI Ubwubatsi, na HEFT Energy atanga ibikoresho vy’ugushiraho ibintu. Bakora vyose kuva ku gusuzuma ahantu no gutanga uruhusha gushika ku gutangura gukoresha. Ubu buryo buraryohera abaguzi barondera inshingano y'intonde imwe-, naho nyene mu bisanzwe bitwara 15-25% kurusha amasezerano menshi.
Urugero rwa 4: Abatanga n'abagurishagukorera amasoko yo mu karere, cane cane ku bijanye n’ubudandaji n’uburaro. Cummins ikora biciye ku rubuga rwayo rwo gutanga amashanyarazi kw’isi yose ku bikoresho biva kuri 211 kWh gushika kuri 2.280 kWh. WEG itanga infashanyo itaziguye y’uruganda ifatanijwe n’ugukwiragiza mu karere. Iyi mihora itanga ubuhinga bwo mu karere n’ibihe vyihuta vyo gusubiza imigambi mito mito.
Isoko ry’ibintu ritandukanye cane hakurikijwe uturere. Amerika ya ruguru iguma iganzwa na Tesla, Fluence, n’abafatanyabikorwa bo mu gihugu kubera intambamyi z’ubudandaji ku bicuruzwa vy’Abashinwa. Ibiciro biriho ubu vyongera hafi 41% ku biciro vy’amabateri y’Abashinwa kw’isoko ry’Amerika. Uburayi bwerekana ubudasa bwinshi, aho abashinwa bompi nka Sungrow na CATL bariko barahiganwa n’abahinguzi b’i Buraya. Isoko ryo mu gihugu c’Ubushinwa rikoresha gusa abaguzi bo mu gihugu, aho batandatu mu bacuruzi cumi ba mbere kw’isi ba BESS ari amashirahamwe y’Ubushinwa.
Inzira z'amasoko y'ububiko bw'inguvu za bateri BESS hakurikijwe urugero rw'umugambi
Ubwinshi bw’umugambi ni bwo bugena ahanini inzira z’amasoko zifise insiguro mu vy’ubuhinga no mu vy’ubutunzi.
Ubuhinga -Urugero rw'imigambi (1+ MW)
Gushiraho urugero rw'uruzitiro- bisaba ingamba zikomeye zo gutanga amasoko. Imigenderanire itaziguye hagati y’abahinguzi iraba ishoboka kuri uru rugero.Inguvu za Teslaigurisha ama units ya Megapack (3,9 MWh kuri imwe yose) ataco ihinduye ku mashirahamwe y’amazi n’abahinguzi bakuru. Ico kigo cabo co muri Lathrop gitanga 40 GWh ku mwaka n’igihe co gukora c’amezi 6-12 bivanye n’ingero y’amategeko.
Gusobanura nezaikora nk'umukino usukuye-, ufatanya amabateri ava ku bafatanyabikorwa nka Samsung SDI na LG Energy Solutions n'ubugenzuzi bw'umunyagihugu. Bamaze gutanga imigambi irenga 225 mu bihugu 47. Ubucuruzi bwabo bushingiye ku masezerano y’igihe kirekire-aho gushingira ku kugurisha ibikoresho gusa.
CATL na BYDn’ugutuma urushiriza kugurisha ubuhinga bushitse aho kugurisha utugingo ngengabuzima gusa. Ivyuma vya CATL vy’i Tener (6,25 MWh) birafise ivyemezo vy’uko ataco bishobora kwonona mu myaka itanu. Ivyo BYD ikora mu bikoresho vy’ibikoresho birimwo ubuhinga bwabo bwa Blade Battery bufise ubuhinga bwo gucungera ubushuhe. Izo sosiyete zompi zikunda gukora biciye ku bafatanyabikorwa bo mu karere hanze y’Ubushinwa ariko zizokorana n’amashirahamwe y’amazi ku migambi minini.
Ku migambi irenga 100 MW/400 MWh, gutanga amasoko biciye mu nzira za RFP ni vyo bimenyerewe. Ivyuma vy’amazi bikunda gusaba ivyiyumviro ku bafatanyabikorwa benshi, ntibagereranye igiciro gusa ariko kandi n’ingwati z’ibikorwa, ubushobozi bwa O&M, n’amasezerano y’ingwati. Ivyo gukora RFP bifata amezi 4-6 kuva bisohotse gushika bishikirijwe amasezerano.
Uburyo bwo gukora amasezerano bwarateye imbere cane kuva mu 2020. Amasezerano ya EPC yuzuye-wrap, aho ishirahamwe rimwe ritanga vyose, aguma akundwa n’abahinguzi b’igihe ca mbere-n’abaguzi b’abanyabwenge. Batanga inshingano y'intonde imwe-ariko kugiciro c'agaciro. Multi-contracting, aho nyen’umutungo agura ubwiwe ibikoresho vyo kubika inguvu z’amabateri BESS, igikorwa ca BOP, n’uguhuza uruzitiro, birashobora kugabanya ibiciro ku rugero rwa 12-18% ariko bisaba uburongozi buteye imbere bw’umugambi.
Abahinguzi b’ibintu bo mu Buraya bararushiriza kugura ibikoresho vya BESS ku bahinga b’abashinwa nka Sungrow canke Hyperstrong, hanyuma bagakora amasezerano atandukanye kugira ngo babishiremwo no kubishiramwo. Lion Storage yakoresheje ubwo buryo mu mugambi wabo w’amashanyarazi 350 MW/1.400 MWh mu Buholandi, bakora ataco baciye ku ruhande n’abahinguzi mu gihe bakoresha abakozi bo mu karere kugira ngo bakore ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga.
Urugero rw'ubucuruzi n'inganda (100 kWh - 1 MW)
Isoko rya C&I ritanga ibintu vyinshi bihuye n’ingingo ngenderwako n’inzira zitomoye zo kugura. Boost Pro ya Schneider Electric itanga akarorero k’iki gice - c’ibice vy’amashanyarazi 200 kWh bishobora gushika ku 2 MWh mu gufatanya ibice 10. Igiciro kiraboneka n'igiciro c'ikintu cose aho gushingira ku biciro vy'abantu.
Abakwiragiza mu karerekuganza amasoko ya C&I. Ishirahamwe ry’abacuruzi rya Cummins rifata amategeko kuva kuri 211 kWh gushika hejuru biciye ku nzira z’amashanyarazi menshi-megawatt. Abo bacuruzi baratanga isuzuma ry’ahantu, gupima ubunini bw’urutonde, gufasha mu guhuza, no gukomeza gucungera. Iciyumviro cabo c’agaciro gishingiye ku kubaho mu karere no ku bushobozi bwo kwishura mu masaha 24-48 ku bibazo vy’ibikorwa.
Ugurisha kw'abahinguzigukorera abaguzi bafise ubuhinga buhanitse. Amashirahamwe nka GSL Energy, Cubenergy, na FPR New Energy agurisha ataco akoresheje abarongozi b’ibikorwa n’amashirahamwe y’inguvu. Mu bisanzwe bisaba ubunini bukeyi bw’amategeko bwa 400 kWh kugira ngo bashobore gushingira intahe ubufatanye butaziguye ariko bagatanga uguhindura kwa OEM ku bikorwa vyihariye.
Amashirahamwe y’inguvu (ESCOs) atanga ubundi buryo bwo gutanga amasoko. Aho kugura ibikoresho, umukiriya wa C&I asinya amasezerano yo kugura amashanyarazi mu gihe ESCO ari yo itunga kandi ikoresha BESS. Ivyo bikuraho ibisabwa vy’umutungo w’imbere ariko mu bisanzwe bituma 20-30% vy’amahera akoreshwa mu buzima bwose ugereranyije n’ubutunzi butaziguye.
Ku bibanza vy'amakuru, ibitaro, n'ibindi bibanza bihambaye vy'ubutumwa, abahinga mu vy'ubuhinga nka Vertiv batanga ubuhinga bwa EnergyCore Grid bufise icemezo ca UL9540A. Izo nzira zishimika ku kwizigirwa no gukorana neza n’ibikorwa remezo vy’ububasha bwo gufasha biriho aho gushimika ku gutuma ubutunzi bugenda neza gusa.
Igihe co gushiramwo ubuhinga bwa C&I kiva ku mezi 3-6 harimwo no gutanga uruhusha. Ivyo bigoranye ntibiva kuri BESS ubwayo ahubwo biva ku bisabwa vyo gukorana n’ibindi bikoresho, kwubahiriza amategeko agenga umuriro, no ku buryo bwo gutanga uruhusha rwo mu karere. Gukorana n’umuhinga mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwo mu karere canke ESCO akenshi bigabanya igihe co kwemerera n’ibice 40-60% ugereranyije n’uburyo bwo gukora ivyo ushaka.
Urugero rw'uburaro (5-20 kWh)
Abafise inzu bashobora gushika kuri BESS biciye ku bashiramwo izuba, abakozi b’amashanyarazi, canke abagurisha amasandugu manini-.Uruhome rw'inguvu rwa Teslairongora umugabane w’isoko ry’amazu, uboneka biciye ku nzira yabo y’abashiraho ivyemezo. Igiciro gishirwa ku rugero rw'abahinguzi-basaba, n'ugushiraho kwongerako $2,000-$5,000 bivanye n'uburemere bw'ibikorwa vy'amashanyarazi.
Inyishu z'inguvu za LGigurisha biciye ku bashiramwo izuba n’abakora amasezerano y’amashanyarazi. Urutonde rwabo rwa RESU rufatanya n’inverter nyinshi z’izuba. SolarEdge, Enphase, na Generac na bo nyene barakora ibikoresho vyo mu nzu, akenshi bifatanywa n’ibikoresho vyabo vy’izuba.
Amashirahamwe y’izuba yo mu karere nka SunPower na Sunrun ashiramwo uburyo bwo kubika mu vyiyumviro vyabo. Aya masezerano y'ububiko bw'izuba-plus-akenshi ashobora guhabwa amasezerano meza y'amahera kurusha ububiko bwigenga. Ico kigereranyo c’umusoro w’ishoramari ca Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gikoreshwa ku bikoresho vyo kubika ibintu bikoreshwa n’izuba, bikaba bigabanya neza ibiciro ku bice 30 kw’ijana.
Abagurisha ivy’ugutegura inzu barinjiye mw’isoko vuba cane. Home Depot na Lowe's ubu zitwara amatara y'amashanyarazi n'amabateri mato-yo mu nzu, naho uguhitamwo kuguma ari guke ugereranyije n'imirongo y'abahinga. Ubu bucuruzi bufasha cane cane abakiriya bashobora gukora DIY-n'ibikoresho bigororotse.
Ku barondera amabateri y'ubuzima bwa kabiri-, amashirahamwe nka Moment Energy asubira gukoresha amabateri ya EV kugira ngo akoreshe ububiko buhagaze. Ivyo bikoresho vyabo bitangura ku 400 kWh n’imiburiburi, bikabashira hagati y’urugero rw’amazu n’urw’ubudandaji. Ubwo buryo bugabanya ibiciro 30-40% munsi y’uburyo bushasha bwa litiyumu mu gihe bwongera ubuzima bwa bateri.
Igihe co gutanga kirahindagurika cane bivanye n’umuhinguzi. Tesla Powerwall imara amezi 4-6 kuva itegetswe gushika ishizweho kubera ko abantu bayishaka cane. Abandi bahinga nka LG na Enphase bakunda gutanga mu ndwi 6-8. Ivy’ugutanga ibikoresho vyaragabanutse cane kuva ku rwego rwa 2021-2022 igihe igihe co kurindira cari kirenze amezi 12.
Ububoneka bw'aho hantu n'amasoko yo mu karere
Ugushikira BESS biratandukanye cane bivanye n’aho umuntu aba, bikaba biterwa n’inkurikizi zo mu karere, amategeko agenga uruja n’uruza, n’ukubaho kw’abahinguzi.
Amerika ya ruguruitanga ibikorwa remezo vy’amasoko vyateye imbere cane vyo kubika inguvu z’amabateri BESS. Amerika yashizeho 11,9 GW mu 2024, 18,2 GW zitegekanijwe mu 2025. California na Texas zifise 84% vy’ubushobozi bushasha. Izo leta zibungabunga imihora ikomeye y’abashiramwo n’imigenderanire y’uguhuza. Nevada, Arizona na Colorado birakurikirana n’imiyoboro iriko irakura.
Politike y’ubudandaji iragira ico ikoze cane ku vyo Amerika y’Uburaruko itanga. Itegeko ryo kugabanya inflation ritera intege ibikorwa vyo mu gihugu, naho nyene ibikorwa vyinshi vy’amaseli biguma mu mahanga. Ico kibanza ca Tesla co muri Lathrop ni co giserukira ubushobozi buhambaye bwo gukorana n’abandi mu gihugu. Fluence yatangaje imigambi yo gushinga uruganda rw’ubuhinga bwa 2.2 GWh rwo muri Amerika kugira ngo rushobore gushitsa ibisabwa vyo mu gihugu.
Isoko rya Canada riri kuri Ontario na Alberta, n'imigambi ya leta ishigikira ububiko bw'uruzitiro-. Amashirahamwe y’amazi n’amashanyarazi yo mu ntara nka SaskPower yashizeho BESS yayo ya mbere y’amashanyarazi 20 MW mu 2024. Isoko riguma ari rito kuruta iry’Amerika ariko rikura ku rugero rwa 40% ku mwaka.
Uburayiyashizeho 10.1 GW mu 2023, n’imirongo y’uburaro igizwe n’ibice 70% vy’ubushobozi - bihindura ingendo ya Amerika. Ubudage ni bwo burongoye ibikorwa vyo gushiramwo ibikoresho vyo mu Buraya, bukurikirwa n’Ubwongereza, Ubutaliyano na Esupanye. Isoko ry’ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi ryo mu Bwongereza ryashitse kuri 8.5 GWh hagati mu mwaka w’2024, Wartsila ikaba yariko iraseruka nk’umucuruzi w’ingenzi iruhande ya Tesla na CATL.
Amasoko y’i Buraya arushirizaho gushigikira ubucuti butaziguye hagati y’abahinguzi. Ishirahamwe ry’Ubwongereza ryitwa Econergy rironka ama units ya BESS ataco rihinduye ku bahinga b’abashinwa, hanyuma rikagira amasezerano mu karere kugira ngo rikoreshe neza ibikorwa vy’uruganda. Ubu buryo bwo gukora amasezerano menshi-bwagabanyije amafaranga y’umugambi wabo n’ibice 16% ugereranyije n’amasezerano yuzuye ya EPC.
Ubwongereza bwashizeho uburyo butomoye bwo kuganza isoko. CATL itanga 81% vy’ama cells yashizweho kuva mu ntango za 2024, ikomeza uburongozi bwayo ku bahinga bo muri Koreya nka LG na Samsung, bavuye mw’isoko burundu. Tesla na CATL vyose hamwe vyatanze 40% vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho, naho nyene Wartsila yinjira vuba n’ugushiraho 714 MWh ku bateri nini kuruta izindi zo mu Buraya bigaragaza ko hariho uguhiganwa kwiyongera.
Aziya-Pasifikeigereranya isoko rinini kuruta ayandi yose kw’isi mu bijanye n’ubunini. Ubushinwa bwashizeho 108 GWh muri 2024 - 59% y'ivyo bikoresho kw'isi yose. Isoko ryo mu gihugu rikoresha gusa abashinwa, CATL, BYD, na Hithium ni bo baganzwa. Amashirahamwe yo hanze arahura n’intambamyi zidashobora gukurwaho kugira ngo yinjire.
Hanze y’Ubushinwa, Australiya yerekana iterambere rikomeye n’imigambi myinshi y’urugero rwa GWh-yatangajwe. Ubuyapani bwibanda ku mirongo y’uburaro n’ibikorwa vya UPS bihawe umwanya muto w’imigambi y’ubuhinga-. Isoko ry'Ubuhindi riguma ririko rirakura ariko ririko riratera imbere, n'intumbero za Leta zisaba 100+ GW z'ububiko mu 2032.
Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati na Afirikaguserukira amasoko yo ku mipaka afise abaguzi bo mu karere bake. Imigambi isaba amasoko mpuzamakungu, cane cane biciye ku bafatanyabikorwa bo mu Buraya canke muri Amerika y’Uburaruko. Arabiya Saudite yaronse amasezerano y’amashanyarazi 15,1 GWh na BYD yo gufasha mu bijanye n’amashanyarazi, ivyo bikaba bigereranya kimwe mu bikoresho binini cane bikoreshwa muri ako karere. Ivy’ikirere bikomeye bisaba uburyo bukomeye bwo gucunga ubushuhe, bikaba bigabanya ababitanga bikwiye.
Guhitamwo umurongo mwiza wo gutanga amasoko
Guhitamwo hagati y'inzira z'amasoko birimwo gusuzuma ubudandaji-inyuma hagati y'igiciro, ingorane, urutonde, n'ubushobozi bw'ubuhinga.
Gugura abahinguzi ataco baciyekoitanga igiciro gitoyi c’ibikoresho ariko isaba ubuhinga bwinshi bwo mu mutima. Uzokenera abahinga bashoboye gukorana n’ibindi bikoresho, abarongoye imigambi bazi guhuza ibikorwa vy’ubwubatsi, n’imigwi y’abahinga mu vy’amategeko kugira ngo bashobore gucunga imigenderanire y’abakozi benshi. Uguzigama amafaranga 15-20% biza n’ingorane zo kwicwa.
Ubu buryo burafise insiguro iyo uriko urategura imigambi myinshi ku mwaka kandi burashobora gukuraho amafaranga y’inyigisho mu gice cose. Igitigiri gitoyi gishobora gukorwa ni nk’imigambi 5-10 ku mwaka, imwe yose ikaba iri hejuru y’ubushobozi bwa 10 MW. Munsi y’ico kigero, amafaranga y’ugutanga amasoko ataco akora akenshi arenga amafaranga umuntu azigama mu guca abahuza.
Ibisabwa mu bushobozi bw'ubuhinga si -ivy'ubusa. Ishirahamwe ryawe ritegerezwa gutahura uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri, uburyo bwo guhindura ubushobozi, ibisabwa mu gucunga ubushuhe, n'ingingo ngenderwako zo guhuza uruzitiro nka IEEE 1547-2018. Uzoba ufise inshingano yo kumenya neza ko ibice vyose bikorana neza - ingorane abahinguzi bafata mu masezerano y’urufunguzo.
Amapaki y'ubufatanye bwa sisitemuuburinganire bw’igiciro n’ingorane mu buryo bwiza ku baguzi benshi. Amashirahamwe nka Fluence na Sungrow akora amasoko y’ibice, kugerageza uruganda, no gushiramwo ubuhinga bw’ishimikiro. Ucakeneye gutwara ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga, uguhuza amashanyarazi, n’ugutanga ibikorwa vya nyuma, ariko igikorwa co gukorana gikomeye cane mu vy’ubuhinga gikorwa n’abahinga.
Ibiciro bikunda kugwa 8-12% hejuru y’ibiciro vy’uguhingura ariko 5-10% munsi y’ibiciro vyuzuye vya EPC. Igihe co gukora kiva ku mezi 12-18 harimwo no gukora n’ugutuma. Abo ba integrateurs babungabunga urutonde rw’ibintu rusangi, bishobora kwihutisha gutanga imigambi isanzwe.
Ico kigereranyo c'umuhinguzi w'ibintu gikora neza ku bategura bubaka imigambi 2-5 ku mwaka canke amashirahamwe y'ubuhinga aronka ibikoresho vyabo vya mbere vya BESS. Uronka ubuyobozi bw’umwuga ku ngingo z’ingenzi z’ubuhinga utarishe amahera yose y’ivy’ubuhinga. Benshi mu bafatanyabikorwa batanga ibikorwa vya O&M bitandukanye, bikagufasha guhitamwo nimba wokwikorera canke gukorana n’abandi.
Abakozi ba EPCgutuma bishoboka cane ku giciro c’agaciro. Bakora vyose kuva ku gusuzuma ahantu ha mbere gushika ku gutanga ibikorwa no kugerageza ubushobozi. Ibiciro vy’amahera 20-30% ku masoko ataco akora vyerekana ko ingorane zose zo gushirwa mu ngiro zijanwa ku kigo kimwe.
Ubu buryo buraryohera abaguzi b'abanyaruyeri bakunda inshingano y'intangamarara imwe-. Biragira ico bivuze kandi ku baguzi bakora imigambi y’igihe kimwe-ata ntumbero yo kwubaka ubuhinga bwo mu mutima. Abahinguzi b'igihe ca mbere-akenshi batangura n'amasezerano y'urufunguzo, hanyuma baja ku buryo butandukanye uko baronka ubumenyi.
Urutonde rw’ibintu rudakeka ni co kintu gihambaye kuruta ibindi vyose amasezerano ya EPC afise. Igiciro gihoraho-, itariki-amasezerano amwe amwe afise ingingo zikomeye z'ivyago vy'ugusesagura atanga ubushobozi bwo kumenya imbere y'igihe. Uwo muhinga afata amasezerano y’uguhungabana kw’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho, ubukene bw’abakozi, n’ingorane zo guhuza ibikorwa. Utanga ikimazi c’ubushobozi bw’ibiciro kugira ngo wizigire gushirwa mu ngiro.
Ishirahamwe ry'inguvu (ESCO) ivyitegererezogukuraho ibisabwa vy’ubutunzi vyose. ESCO ni yo igira, ishiraho, kandi ikoresha BESS mu gihe wewe uriha ibikorwa nk’ugugabanya amafaranga y’ivyo usaba canke ubushobozi bwo gusubiza inyuma. Nta giciro c'imbere ariko amafaranga menshi y'ubuzima - akenshi 25-35% kurusha ubutunzi butaziguye mu myaka 10-15.
Iyi nzira ikorera amashirahamwe afise ingorane z’amahera, imiterere y’umuzigo idatomoye, canke abakozi b’ubuhinga bake. Amashure, inyubakwa za komine, n’ibibanza bitagira inyungu -bikoresha kenshi intunganyo za ESCO. Mu vy’ukuri uriko ukodesha aho kugura, ugurisha igiciro kinini cose kugira ngo ushobore guhindura ibikorwa.
Amasezerano arahambaye cane mu masezerano ya ESCO. Ivyemezo vy’ibikorwa, ingingo zo gutera imbere, ingingo zo guhagarika, n’ubutunzi bw’ibikoresho ku mpera y’amasezerano bisaba ko haba uguhanahana amakuru vyitondewe. Hari ama ESCO atanga uburyo bwo kugura inyuma y’imyaka 5-7, agatanga uburenganzira bwo kuba uwufise ku giciro gitoya.
Ivyiza vyo kwitwararika igihe urondera ububiko bw'inguvu za bateri BESS
Uretse kumenya abaguzi, hari ibintu vyinshi bihambaye bigena ukuroranirwa kw’amasoko.
Guhitamwo ubuhingairarenga ubuhinga bwa shimi kugira ngo ishiremwo ugucungera ubushuhe, uburyo bwo gukora, n’ubwubatsi bwo kugenzura. Bateri za litiyumu iron phosphate (LFP) ni zo ziganzwa mu gukoresha ubu kubera umutekano mwiza cane n’ubuzima bw’ingendo 6.000-8.000. Nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) itanga inguvu nyinshi ariko imara igihe gito kandi ishobora gutera umuriro.
Uburyo bwo gucunga ubushuhe - gukonjesha amazi n'ugukonjesha umuyaga - biragira ingaruka nyinshi ku bikorwa mu bihe vy'ubushuhe. Uburyo bukonjeshwa n'amazi bugura 10-15% ariko bukora neza 15-20% mu bushuhe buri hejuru ya degre 35 . Imigambi ya California na Arizona irarushiriza gusobanura ko gukonjesha amazi ari vyo bimenyerewe.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho buratanga uburinzi bw’ikirere be n’ivyiza vyo kugerageza mu ruganda. DC-imiterere ifatanye ihuza ataco ihinduye n’ibihindura izuba igabanya ugutakaza kw’uguhindura n’ibice 3-5% ugereranyije n’imiterere ifatanye AC-. Ariko rero, ubuhinga bufatanye n’umuyagankuba buratanga ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibikorwa vy’uruja n’uruza kandi burashobora gukora ataco bukoresheje izuba.
Imiterere y'igarantiyabiratandukanye cane ku bacuruzi. Ugukingira gusanzwe birimwo imyaka 10 canke 70% vy’ubushobozi bugumye, ico ari co cose kizoza imbere. Ivyemezo vy’imbere bishika ku myaka 15-20 canke bitanga ivyemezo vy’ubuzima aho gutanga ubuzima bwo ku kirangamisi. Uburyo bwa Tener bwa CATL buratanga ivyemezo vy’uko ata n’umwe azosenyuka biciye mu gucunga neza ubushuhe.
Ivyo garanti igabanya bisaba ko umuntu asubirwamwo yitonze. Benshi ntibashiramwo ibikorwa biri hejuru ya degre 35 z'ubushuhe bwo mu karere, gukoresha amagare y'igipimo kinini, canke ibikorwa vyo gukora uruzitiro. Abahinguzi bamwebamwe barakuraho garanti iyo ukoresheje abatanga O&M b'uwundi muntu aho gukoresha imihora yabo yemejwe. Ivyo bibujijwe birashobora gutuma agaciro ka garanti gahungabana cane.
Ivyonona vy’ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bikunda gupfuka ubushobozi n’ukuboneka. Amajambo agezweho atanga 0.5-1.0% y’agaciro k’amasezerano ku ijanisha ry’ubukene bw’ubushobozi n’ibihano bisa n’ivyo ku kuboneka munsi ya 95-97%. Guhanahana ibipimo ku bijanye n’uburenganzira bwose - akenshi 10-15% vy’agaciro k’amasezerano - birakingira abaguzi ibintu bishobora gutuma abaguzi bacika intege.
Igihe co gutangakuva ku mezi 6-18 bivanye n’uwubikora, ubunini bw’ivyo usaba, n’urugero rwo guhindura ibintu. Igihe co gukora Tesla Megapack ubu kiri ku mezi 8-12 ku bijanye n’imiterere isanzwe. Abashinwa bakora ibikoresho nka BYD na CATL bashobora gushikana mu mezi 4-6 ku mategeko menshi ariko bagahura n’igihe kirekire co kubishikana muri Amerika ya ruguru no mu Buraya.
Uruhererekane rw'ugutanga rwahindutse cane inyuma ya-2020. Ubukene bw’ibice bwari bwarateye akaga 2021-2022 bwarakemutse ahanini, ariko amakimbirane y’ivy’ubuhinga bw’isi arazana ukudakeka gushasha. Ubucuti bw’ubudandaji hagati ya Amerika n’Ubushinwa buragira ingaruka cane cane ku migambi yo muri Amerika y’Uburaruko, aho abahinguzi bamwebamwe baguma bafise ingamba zibiri zo gukingira ingorane z’amakori.
Igerageza ryo kwemera uruganda (FAT) ryongera indwi 2-4 ku rutonde ariko rigabanya cane ibibazo vyo gutanga. Igerageza ryo kwemera ahantu (SAT) risaba iyindi ndwi 1-3 bivanye n’ingene umugambi ugoranye. Gutegura umwanya uhagije w’izo ntambwe zo kwemeza - kuzisimbuka kugira ngo wihutishe urutonde kenshi birasubira inyuma.
Ibisabwa kugira umuntu aronke icemezobitandukanye bivanye n’ingene bikoreshwa be n’ububasha. UL 9540 ivuga ku mutekano ku rugero rwa sisitemu, mu gihe UL 1973 ivuga ku mutekano w’ingingo n’ibice. UL 9540A igerageza ry’umuriro risuzuma ukwiragira kw’ubushuhe buhunga. Hari inzego zimwe zimwe zisaba ko FM Global yemeza canke zingana n’izo.
Ivyagezwe vy’uguhuza uruzitiro, cane cane IEEE 1547-2018 muri Amerika y’Uburaruko, bitegeka ubushobozi bw’inverter. Sisitemu zitegerezwa gutanga umuriro n'incuro zigenda, kugenzura igipimo c'urugendo, n'ubufasha bw'inguvu zisubiza. Raba neza ko ibikoresho vy’umuguzi wawe bihuye n’ibisabwa vyo mu karere imbere yo gukora amasezerano.
Ivyiyumviro vy’ibidukikije birahambaye ku bikoresho vyo hanze. NEMA 3R itanga uburinzi bw’ishimikiro ku bihe, mu gihe NEMA 4X yongerako uburinzi bwo gukingira ibidukikije vyo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga. IP65 canke zirengeye zikingira inkungugu n’amazi kwinjira. Ibidukikije vy’amazi y’umunyu bisaba gushirwako ivyuma bidasanzwe be n’ibizitiro bipfutse.
Gutunganya ivy'amaheraamahitamwo arenga ugugura amahera kugira ngo ashiremwo ubukode, amasezerano yo kugura amashanyarazi, n'inguvu-nk-a-ibigereranyo vy'ibikorwa. Ivyiyumviro vy’uburinganire bw’imisoro bituma abahinguzi bashobora gukoresha amahera y’imisoro y’ishoramari rya Leta (30% ku bubiko bw’izuba-) n’inyungu z’ugusenyuka kw’agaciro vyihuta.
Ivy’amahera y’umugambi wa BESS vyarakuze cane. Abaguzi ubu batanga umwenda udashobora gusubirwamwo ku nyungu ya 4-6% ku migambi y’urugero rw’ubuhinga n’abaguzi bashobora gutanga inguzanyo. Amabanki y’ubudandaji, amashirahamwe y’ibikorwa remezo be n’amashirahamwe y’ubwishingizi birahiganwa cane kugira ngo bironke amasezerano meza.
Impapuro z’ivyatsi n’inguzanyo zifitaniye isano n’ubuzima buramba-zitanga amasezerano akwegera ku migambi y’ububiko ihuye n’ingingo za ESG. Ivyo bikoresho bifise igiciro c’ibice 25-50 munsi y’imyenda isanzwe. Abashoramari bamwebamwe barashimikira canecane ku kubika inguvu nk’igice c’ibikorwa vy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Ibibazo bikunze kwibazwa
Ni ryari mu bisanzwe amasoko ya BESS afata kuva mu gutohoza kwa mbere gushika mu gushirwaho?
Igihe kiratandukanye cane bivanye n’urugero rw’umugambi. Ivyuma vyo mu nzu bishirwa mu mezi 1-3 iyo bimaze gusaba, naho igihe co gukoresha Tesla Powerwall kigera ku mezi 4-6 kubera ugushaka kwinshi. Uburyo bw’ubudandaji busaba amezi 3-6 harimwo no gutanga uruhusha no gukorana n’ibindi bikoresho. Imigambi y’ubuhinga bw’amazi ifata amezi 12-24 kuva ku gutanga RFP gushika ku gutangura gukora, n’ugutanga ibikoresho bikaba ari nk’igice c’ico gihe. Umurongo wo guhuza kenshi ugena urutonde rusangi kurusha igihe co gukora.
Noshobora kugura ibice vya BESS bitandukanye nkabishiramwo jewe ubwanje?
Ubushobozi bwo mu vy’ubuhinga n’ivy’uburenganzira bituma ivyo bigorana ku baguzi benshi. Abahinguzi b’amabateri ntibakunda kugurisha amaselile ku bakoresha kubera umutekano n’ivy’igarantiya. Gugura ubuhinga bushizwemwo imbere y'igihe mu masosiyete nka Tesla canke Sungrow bitanga igerageza ry'uruganda n'ubufasha bw'igarantiya y'inkomoko imwe. Multi-contracting ibikorwa vy'abahinguzi b'abahinga bashobora gucungera ingorane zo gukorana kandi bafise imigwi y'abahinga ishobora gusobanura ibice bihuye. Benshi mu baguzi ntibagira ubwo buhinga kandi barafashwa neza n’imiti ipfunyitswe.
Ni ubuhe bunini bukeyi bw’umugambi bukwegera ivyiyumviro vy’abahinguzi?
Benshi mu bahinga bo mu rwego rwa mbere bafata ubucuti butaziguye butangura hafi y’ubushobozi bwa 10 MW canke 40 MWh. Tesla ikorana n’amashirahamwe y’ubuhinga n’abahinguzi ku migambi iri hejuru y’ico kigero. Munsi ya 1 MW, witege gukora biciye ku bacuruzi canke abashiramwo ubuhinga aho gukora biciye ku bacuruzi ataco baciyeko. Bamwe mu bashinwa bakora ibikoresho nka GSL Energy bashizeho uburemere bukeyi bwa 400 kWh ku kugurisha ataco baciyeko ariko mu bisanzwe bakunda amategeko ari hejuru ya 2 MWh ku bijanye n’ubutunzi.
Ni gute ibiciro vya BESS bigereranywa mu nzira zitandukanye z’amasoko?
Gugura ibikoresho ataco bimaze bitanga ibiciro bito cane ariko bisaba ubuhinga bwo mu mutima. Abakorana n’ibindi bikoresho bongerako 8-12% ku bijanye no gukorana n’ibindi bice no gucunga umugambi w’ishimikiro. Amasezerano ya EPC yuzuye agura 20-30% kurusha amasoko ataco akora ariko atanga ingorane zose zo gushirwa mu ngiro. Ivyitegererezo vya ESCO birinda amafaranga y’imbere ariko bikongera amafaranga y’ubuzima n’ibice 25-35% mu myaka 10-15. Ubushobozi bwawe bwo mu mutima n’ukwihanganira ingorane bikwiye gutuma uhitamwo umurongo kuruta kugereranya igiciro gusa.
Kurondera Ububiko bw'Inguvu za Bateri yawe Umuti BESS
Kurondera ububiko bw’inguvu za bateri BESS itangura no gusobanura neza uko ukoresha n’urugero. Abaguzi b’amazu bakora biciye ku bashiramwo izuba canke abakozi b’amashanyarazi bajejwe gutanga uruhusha n’uguhuza ibikorwa vy’amazi. Ivyumba vy’ubudandaji bikorana n’abacuruzi bo mu karere nka Cummins canke bikagira amasezerano na ESCOs kugira ngo bikoreshe ubuhinga bwo gutanga amakuru. Ivyuma n'abahinguzi bakuru bava ku bafatanyabikorwa nka Fluence na Tesla canke bagacungera uburyo bwinshi-bw'amasezerano n'abaguzi b'ibice.
Ivyerekeye amasoko y’ububiko bw’inguvu z’amabateri BESS birabandanya gutera imbere cane. Abahinguzi baragwiza inzira zo kugurisha, abashasha binjira nka Wartsila bararwanya abakinyi bamaze gushinga imizi, kandi ibintu vy’ubuhinga bwa politike birahindura uburyo bwo gutanga ibikoresho. Gukomeza kumenya ivyerekeye ingene isoko rigenda birafasha kuronka amasezerano meza no kwirinda guhagarika ugutanga. Ikiruta vyose, niwibande ku bukungu bwose bw’umugambi aho kwibanda ku giciro c’ibikoresho gusa - ububiko bw’inguvu z’amabateri buzimvye cane BESS akenshi yerekana ko ari yo izimvye cane mu kiringo cose ikora.
Inkomoko:
Igiti Mackenzie - Ububiko bw'inguvu z'amabateri kw'isi yose 2024-2025
InfoLink Impanuro - Ububiko bw'inguvu kw'isi yose n'uburyo bwo kohereza 1H24
Ubuyobozi bw'amakuru y'inguvu muri Amerika - Ubushobozi bwo kubika amabateri 2025
BloombergNEF / Inama y'ubudandaji y'inguvu ziramvye - Ingufu ziramvye muri Amerika 2025 Igitabo c'ukuri
Inyigisho ya Rho - Gushirwaho kwa BESS kw'isi yose 2024
Inguvu za Modo - Abaguzi ba BESS mu Bwongereza Q3 2025
Ishirahamwe ry'abanyamerika ry'inguvu zisukuye - Igikoresho co kugenzura ububiko bw'inguvu muri Amerika Q1 2025