Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo bushirwa mu bibanza bine vy’intango vy’uruzitiro: co-hari ku masoko y’inguvu, mu nzira z’ugutanga inguvu, ku bibanza vy’ugukwiragiza, no inyuma y’ibipimo vy’abaguzi. Ikibanza cose gifise intumbero zitandukanye zishingiye ku bisabwa ku bijanye n’uruzitiro, ku bintu vy’ubutunzi, no ku bikenewe mu gushiramwo inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo.
Uruzitiro-Urugero rwo gushirwaho ku mbuga z'uruvyaro
Uburyo bwo gukoresha bugororotse cane ni ugushiramwo uburyo bwo kubika inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo ataco zihinduye ku bibanza bikoreshwamwo ingufu. Ubu buryo bwo gushiramwo ahantu hamwe bwarateye imbere cane, bufise 40% vy'amabateri mashasha akoreshwa mu 2024 ugereranyije na hafi 50% mu 2023.
Imigambi y'ububiko bw'izuba-plus-ni yo iganzwa muri iki kiciro. Umugambi w’izuba wa Gemini muri Nevada, watanguye gukora neza muri Nyakanga 2024, ufatanya itongo ry’izuba ry’amashanyarazi 690 MW n’ubuhinga bw’amabateri y’amashanyarazi 380 MW/1.416 MWh. Iyi ntunganyo ifata izuba rirenze urugero mu masaha y’isonga ry’ibikorwa maze ikayirungika mu masaha y’isonga ry’ibikorwa vy’izuba ku mugoroba iyo inguvu z’izuba zigabanutse.
Co-ahantu hatanga inyungu nyinshi. Ibiciro vyo gushiramwo bigabanuka n’ibice 10-15% iyo ububiko busangiye ibikorwa remezo n’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga, harimwo ama transformateur, amahuzu y’amashanyarazi, n’ugukodesha ubutaka. Ikiruta vyose, iyo nzira igabanya ugutakaza kw’inguvu kuko inguvu zitagenda urugendo rurerure imbere y’uko zibikwa.
Ariko rero, ingorane z’aho umuntu aba zirahambaye. Amatongo y’umuyaga yo mu turere twa kure dufise ubutunzi bukomeye ariko ubushobozi bwo gutanga amakuru buke, ni vyo vyungukira cane ku kubika ku kibanza. Texas yashizeho 6.4 GW y’ubushobozi bushasha bw’amabateri mu 2024, n’ibikoresho vyinshi vyashizwe mu bibanza vy’umuyaga mu Burengero bwa Texas aho umuvuduko w’amazi mu mateka wagabanyije 5-8% vy’umuyaga.
Mu mwaka w’2024, Amerika yari yongeyeko ubushobozi bushasha bwo kubika amabateri burenga 9.2 GW, n’ubushobozi bushasha bwo kubika amabateri 3.2 GW mu mirongo y’ubuhinga bushasha-ahanini izuba-plus-ububiko bw’ibikoresho. Ivyo biharuro birerekana ko abantu bariko baramenya ko uburyo bwo kubika inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo bukora neza iyo bukoreshejwe aho ingufu zivugwa.
Ubufatanye bw'urubuga rwo gutanga amakuru
Gushiraho uburyo bwo kubika inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo mu mihora y’ugutanga amashanyarazi biratorera umuti ingorane itandukanye: gukura inguvu mu turere dufise ubutunzi-tuja mu bibanza bisaba ata kwubaka imirongo mishasha y’ugutanga amashanyarazi izimvye.
Umugambi w’Ubudage witwa Netzbooster (Grid Booster) werekana iyo nzira. Igikoresho co gukoresha amabateri y’amashanyarazi 250 MW i Kupferzell, gitegekanijwe kurangira mu 2025, kiri ku kibanza kinini c’amashanyarazi. Ibika ubushobozi bw’umuyaga burenze urugero buva mu buraruko bw’Ubudage maze ikaburekura iyo ibikorwa vy’inganda vyo mu bumanuko bikeneye umuyagankuba, bikaba bishobora kwagura neza ubushobozi bwo gutanga umuyagankuba ku rugero rwa 20-30% ata n’intsinga zongeyeko.
California na Texas zifise 61% vy'ububiko bw'urugero rw'ububiko bwa Amerika. Mu karere ka CAISO muri California, ubushobozi bwo kubika 6 GW bukora ku bibanza vy’ubuhinga, bifasha mu gucunga uruja n’uruza rwinshi rw’inguvu z’izuba zo mu bugaragwa zikeneye gushika mu bisagara vyo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga. Australiya irategura imigambi nk’iyo, ifise ubuhinga bwa 300 MW hafi y’i Victoria bugenewe gutanga amashanyarazi hagati y’ibihugu, bigatuma ibikorwa remezo vy’ugutanga amashanyarazi biriho bikora neza cane.
Ubutunzi bw’uburyo bwo kubika inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo ku rugero rw’ugutanga- burakomera mu turere dufise umuvuduko munini w’inguvu. Iyo imirongo y’amashanyarazi ishitse ku bushobozi, amashirahamwe y’amazi aragabanya amashanyarazi ashobora gusubirwamwo canke akariha amageneratore kugira ngo ahagarike-izo nzira zompi zizimvye. Ububiko ku ntumbero z'icupa bufata izo nguvu ubundi-yatakaye.
Ivyo bikoresho bisaba gutegura neza. Abakoresha uruzitiro nka CAISO na ERCOT (Texas) bategerezwa guhuza ububiko bwoherezwa n'igihe nyaco-ugutanga amakuru. Imigambi ishobora kuva kuri 100 MW gushika kuri 500 MW, nini bihagije kugira ngo ishobore kugira ingaruka ku nzira y’amashanyarazi yo mu karere ariko ikaba ifise ubunini bujanye n’ingorane zidasanzwe zo gutanga amashanyarazi.
Uburyo bwo gukwiragiza n'ugushiraho
Kugenda mu ruzi, uburyo bwo kubika inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo ku bibanza vyo gukwiragiza no ku mirongo y’ugukwiragiza birafasha mu bikenewe n’uruzitiro rw’aho hantu. Ivyo bikoresho ntibikunda kurenga 50 MW ariko birafise uruhara runini mu gutuma uruja n’uruza rw’amazi rudahinduka no kwizigirwa.
Ububiko bw'urugero rw'ugukwirakwiza-buvuga ku guhinduka kw'umuriro bitewe n'uguhinduka kw'inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo. Iyo izuba ryo hejuru y’urusengero rivuye mu murongo bukwi na bukwi mu gihe c’igicu kigenda, ububiko burashobora gutera ubushobozi mu masegonda makeyi kugira ngo umuriro ugume ushikamye. Iyi porogaramu yatumye habaho ugushirwa mu bice bifise izuba ryinshi cane, cane cane muri California na Hawaii.
Peak shaving igereranya ikindi kintu co gukoresha mu gukwiragiza. Mu gihe c’ijoro ry’icuma ry’ubushuhe iyo ivyuma bikoresha umuyaga bigenda birushirizaho, ama transformateur y’ugukwiragiza arashobora gukoreshwa cane. Ububiko bukoreshwa mu masaha y'ijoro -bushobora kwongereza ubushobozi mu masaha 3-4 y'ijoro, bikaba bishobora gutuma habaho ugusubiramwo ama transformateur azimvye. Amashirahamwe y’amazi muri Arizona na Texas yarashizeho amashanyarazi arenga 500 MW kuva mu 2023.
Uruganda rw’amashanyarazi rwa Moss Landing muri California, naho ari runini cane ku 750 MW, rwerekana inyungu zo gutanga amashanyarazi ku rugero runini. Iri hafi y’igisagara kinini, igaburira ata guca ku ruhande imihora y’ugukwiragiza amakuru yo mu karere, igatuma hatagira uguhagarara kw’amakuru mu bibanza biri kure cane.
Ishoramari mu gukwiragiza-uburyo bwo kubika inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo ririko ririhuta. Intumbero y’ububiko bw’inguvu bwa New York 6 GW mu mwaka w’2030 igenewe canecane ibikorwa vyo gukwiragiza, 1.500 MW zigenewe ubuhinga bwo gucuruza n’ubw’abanyagihugu-buhuza ku rwego rw’inguvu zo gukwiragiza.
Inyuma ya-Imbuga z'abaguzi b'Imetero
Urutonde rwa kane rwo gukoresha rushira uburyo bwo kubika inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo ku mutungo w’abaguzi-aho baba, ubudandaji, canke inganda. Ivyo bikoresho biri inyuma-i-meter (BTM) bikora cane cane ku nyungu z'abaguzi aho gufasha uruzitiro, naho nyene bigenda birushiriza gukora izo ntumbero zompi.
Ububiko bw’amazu bwarateye imbere cane muri California inyuma y’ihinduka ry’ingingo ngenderwako NEM 3.0 mu 2024. Ivy’ububiko bw’amazu mu gihe c’igice ca mbere-vyashitse kuri 250 MW, n’ibiharuro vy’ugufatanya (ububiko bufatanye n’izuba) bishika kuri 46%. Abafise inzu barashiraho ububiko kugira ngo bashobore kwikoresha cane -izuba ryo hejuru y’urusengero no kubungabunga amashanyarazi y’inyuma mu gihe c’uguzima, ivyo bikaba vyariyongereye kenshi kubera umuriro w’ishamba-uzimye.
Ivy’ubudandaji n’inganda vyibanda ku kugabanya igiciro c’amashanyarazi. Amafaranga y'ugusaba-amafaranga ashingiye ku gukoresha amashanyarazi menshi-ashobora guserukira 30-50% y'amafaranga y'amashanyarazi y'ikigo. Mu gukuraho ububiko mu bihe vy’ugusaba cane, ubudandaji buragabanya cane ivyo bihembo. Ibibanza vy’amakuru n’ivy’itumanaho vyakiriye canecane iyo nzira, aho amashirahamwe akomeye menshi ahindukira akoresha amabateri ya litiyumu-ion nk’inkomoko y’inguvu zabo nyamukuru.
Inganda zifise -inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo zironka inyungu nyinshi mu buryo bwo kubika ingufu zishobora gusubirwamwo za BTM. Ivyuma bikora ibikoresho bikoreshwa n’izuba canke ibikoresho bitobito vy’umuyaga biri hejuru y’urusengero bikoresha ububiko kugira ngo bishobore guhindura neza ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga no kugira ngo ibikoresho bifise ubushobozi bibe bihoraho. Amabarabara arenga 200 y'inganda mu ntara ya Jiangsu mu Bushinwa yarashizeho inyuma y'-uburyo bwo kubika amametero kuva mu 2018.
Igice c’ububiko bwatanzwe cashizeho 238 MW/510 MWh mu Q2 2024 gusa. Wood Mackenzie ivuga ko 12 GW z'ububiko bw'amazu n'2.5 GW z'ubudandaji hagati ya 2024-2028. Ivyo bikoresho biri inyuma y'imetero birarushiriza kugira uruhara muri porogarama z'ibikorwa vy'amashanyarazi, bikaba vyemerera amashirahamwe y'amashanyarazi gukoranya ubuhinga buto buto bwinshi mu "bigo vy'amashanyarazi vy'ukuri" bitanga infashanyo y'amashanyarazi mu gihe c'ivyihutirwa.
Ibintu vy'Ingingo yo Gurungika
Hari ibintu vyinshi bigena ahantu heza ho gushiramwo uburyo bwo kubika inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo. Gutahura ivyo birafasha abahinguzi, abakozi b’amazi n’abakoresha amazi gufata ingingo zijanye n’aho bazoshinga.
Ibiciro vyo guhuza uruzitiro: Inyuma ya-i-meter n'ugukwiragiza-urugero rw'ugushiraho birinda amafaranga azimvye yo guhuza uruzitiro imigambi y'urugero rw'ugukwiragiza-ihura na yo. Uburyo bw'urugero rw'ubuhinga-bushobora gukoresha amadolari 50-150 kuri kW ku bikorwa remezo vy'uguhuza, mu gihe inyuma-ugushiraho ibiharuro bikoresha ubuhuza bw'abaguzi busanzweho.
Amafaranga yinjira: Aho umuntu ari niho hagena amahirwe yo kwinjiza amahera ariho. Ububiko bw'urugero rw'ugutanga-bushobora gushika ku masoko y'inguvu z'ingero, kwishura ubushobozi, n'ibikorwa vy'inyongera. Uburyo bwo gukwiragiza-buronka inyungu mu gusubiramwo ibikorwa remezo vy'ubuhinga. Inyuma ya-ivyo -bishiramwo amametero bitanga agaciro ahanini biciye mu kuzigama amafaranga y'abaguzi, naho porogarama zihurikiye hamwe zirushiriza gutanga inyungu y'ibikorwa vy'uruja n'uruza.
Igihe co gusubiza bisabwa: Ibibanza bitandukanye vy’uruzitiro bisaba umuvuduko utandukanye w’inyishu. Urugero rw'ugutanga-uburyo bwo kubika inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo bushobora gucapura no gusohora mu masaha 4-ihuye n'ivyo akarere kabisaba. Ububiko bw'urugero rw'ugukwirakwiza-butegerezwa kwishura mu masegonda ku guhinduka kw'umuriro. Inyuma-uburyo bw'ubudandaji bw'imetero busanzwe bukurikira uburyo bwo ku musi bushobora gutegekanirwa bujanye n'ibikorwa vy'ibikorwa.
Politike n'Ibidukikije vy'Itegeko: Amategeko ya Leta aragira ico akoze cane ku buryo abantu barungikwa. Itegeko ry'ububiko rya California ryatumye ubuhinga-bwubaka-inyuma, mu gihe New York yibanze ku kwihangana yashigikiye ugukwiragiza n'uburyo bwo gukoresha abaguzi. Isoko rya Texas ryakuweho amategeko ryaremesheje imigambi y'urugero rw'ubudandaji-yishura ku bimenyetso vy'ibiciro. Mu mwaka w’2024, California yari ifise ubushobozi bwo kubika 12,5 GW bwashizweho ugereranije na Texas 8 GW, naho Texas yari irengeye California mu gushiramwo amashanyarazi mashasha buri mwaka.
Ubutaka buboneka n'ibiciro: Gutanga n'uguhingura-ububiko bushizweho bisaba ubutaka bwinshi. Uburyo bw’amabateri bukeneye nk’hegitari 1 kuri 10-20 MW, hamwe n’ibibanza vyo gukingira. Imigambi yo ku rwego rwo gukwiragiza ibisagara-akenshi isubira gukoresha amatongo y'ubuhinga canke ahantu h'ivyatsi. Nk’akarorero, umugambi wa Moss Landing, uri mu kibanza c’uruganda rwa gaze kavukire rwari rwarahevye. Inyuma-ikoreshwa ry'ibipimo bikoresha umutungo w'abaguzi, birinda gufata ubutaka butandukanye.
Ivyipfuzo vy'uruzitiro rw'aho hantu: Abakoresha uruzitiro baramenya ahantu kanaka aho ububiko butanga agaciro kanini. Icigwa ca CAISO co mu 2024 caragaragaje 40+ ibibanza vy’ingorane zo gutanga amakuru aho uburyo bwo kubika inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo bushobora gusubiza inyuma amadolari 2 miliyaridi mu guhindura amakuru. Ivyo bikoresho vy’ugushiraho ibintu bifise intumbero bitanga inyungu nyinshi kuruta ivyo gukoresha ibintu rusangi mu bice bitagira inzitizi.
Ivyitegererezo vy'ugushiraho
Ivyo biheze vyerekana ko ingamba zo gukoresha ziriko ziratera imbere zishingiye ku gutera imbere kw’ubuhinga n’ubumenyi bw’isoko. Igihe-igihe ububiko bushobora gusohoka ku bushobozi bwose-ubu buratandukanye bivanye n'aho buri, n'uburyo bugenewe guhura n'ivyo umuntu akeneye.
Ivyuma vyo muri Texas bifata amasaha 1,7 y’igihe co gusohoka, bihuye n’ivyo leta ikeneye cane ku mugoroba. Uburyo bwo muri California bufata amasaha hafi 4, bikaba vyerekana igihe kirekire c’ugusaba ku mugoroba inyuma y’aho izuba rirangiriye. Imigambi yo muri Amerika Latini iriko iraseruka ifise amasaha 4,2, igamije gukoresha ubuhinga bwo gukorana n’ibindi bishobora gusubirwamwo.
Ingano z’imigambi ziriko zirakura cane. Mu kwezi kwa Q3 2024, abahinguzi bari batanguye kwubaka ku bushobozi bushasha bw'amabateri 14.2 GW, n'imigambi 140 irenga 1 GWh yateguwe mu 2025-26. Imigambi mirongo itatu irenga 2 GWh-ingana n’imirongo 500 MW ikora amasaha 4. Ivyo bikoresho vyinshi, bitari vyiyumviriwe mu myaka itanu iheze, biratuma habaho amahuzu y’ugutanga amakuru n’inyigisho zo gushiramwo amakuru ku kibanza.
Gusubira gukoresha ibikorwa remezo vyariho bigereranya ikindi kintu kiriko kiraseruka. Amashirahamwe y’amazi ariko arahindura amahinguriro y’amakara y’ibisigazwa y’ibisigazwa vy’ibisigazwa vy’amazi mu bibanza vy’ububiko bw’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo, akoresheje ubuhinga bwo gukorana n’amazi, ubutaka n’ibitabu vy’uruhusha. FirstLight Power iteganya gusubirira uruganda rwayo rwo muri Connecticut n’amabateri mu 2025. New York yasavye ko hohindurwa nk’ukwo nyene ku ruganda rwinshi rwo mu 2030.
Umuyoboro w’amazi wo kw’isi yose gushika mu mwaka w’2030 ubu urarengeye 1 TWh y’imigambi yateguwe, ni ukuvuga ko hariho ukwiyongera kw’incuro igihumbi-ugereranije n’ivyo mu mwaka w’2021. Intara nshasha nk’Uburayi bwo hagati n’Uburasirazuba, Arabiya Saudite, na Shili ziriko zirategura amasoko y’ubushobozi n’imigambi y’ugutanga amasoko yagenewe canecane guhimiriza gukoresha ububiko.
Ivyiza vyo kwiyumvira mu guhitamwo urubuga
Abahinguzi basuzuma ahantu h'ikoreshwa bakwiye gusuzuma ibintu vyinshi bikora birenze ingamba zo ku rwego rwo hejuru-. Ivyo bintu vy’ido n’ido ni vyo akenshi bigena ko umugambi ushobora gukorwa.
Kwemerera no guca ibice: Amategeko yo mu karere aratandukanye cane. Intara zimwezimwe zishira mu rutonde ububiko bw’amabateri nk’ibikoresho vy’inganda bisaba gusubirwamwo cane ibidukikije. Abandi babifata nk’ama transformateur afise ivyemezo bitunganye. New York yashizeho ingingo zidasanzwe zo gukingira umuriro mu bijanye no kubika inguvu hakurikijwe ibintu vyinshi vyabaye mu 2023, vyasaba ibindi bikoresho vyo kwirinda n’intambamyi. Inyuma ya-i-metero uburyo bwo kubamwo burahura n'amategeko y'amashirahamwe y'abafise amazu mu mibano imwimwe, naho intara nyinshi zashizeho amategeko agenga ayo mategeko.
Uburyo bwo kuronka urubuga: Gutanga no gukwiragiza-urugero rw'ibikoresho bikeneye kuronka kugira ngo bishobore gutunganirizwa no gufasha mu gihe c'ivyihutirwa. Ibibanza bisaba amabarabara yose-y'ikirere afasha amakamyo y'ibikoresho vy'amatoni 40-. Inyuma-ibikorwa vy'amametero mu bisagara bishobora guhura n'ingorane zo gushiramwo ibikoresho canke asanseri kugira ngo ibikoresho bishikirizwe.
Ibidukikije: Ubushuhe burengeje urugero buragira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwa bateri n’ubuzima bwayo. Uburyo bwo mu bihe vy’ubushuhe nka Arizona busaba uburyo bukomeye bwo gukonjesha, bwongera 5-10% ku giciro c’umugambi. Ibihe bikanye birakeneye uburyo bwo gushusha. Ivyuma bishirwa ku nkengera y’ikiyaga birahura n’ingorane z’ugusenyuka kw’umunyu. Ivyerekeye ingorane z’umwuzure-inkubi y’umuyaga yarononekaye ibikoresho vyinshi vyo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga, bituma habaho ibisabwa bishasha vyo gushiramwo uburebure.
Umurongo wo guhuza uruzitiro: Naho hoba hari ahantu heza, inyigisho zo guhuza n’ukwemerera bifata amezi 18-36 ku migambi yo ku rwego rwo gutanga -. USA ifise umuyoboro w’umugambi w’amashanyarazi 519 GW (2024 Q2) gushika kuri 601 GW (2024 Q3), ariko benshi barahura n’ugucererwa kw’umurongo. Imigambi yo ku rwego rwo gukwiragiza-igenda ningoga, kenshi amezi 6-12. Ivyuma vy’uburaro biri inyuma y’imetero birashobora gufatanya mu ndwi zitari nke.
Kwemerwa n'abanyagihugu: Ivyuma bininibinini vyo kubika inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo birashikirwa n’ukurwanywa kw’aho hantu mu turere tumwetumwe kubera ivyerekeye umutekano w’umuriro, ingaruka ziboneka, canke urusaku ruva ku bikoresho vyo gukonjesha. Gukorana n’abanyagihugu hakiri kare n’amategeko agenga umutekano agaragara birafasha. Imigambi igaragaza inyungu zo mu karere-ukwizigirwa kw’uruzitiro, ugugabanya ibiciro vy’amashanyarazi, ugushiramwo inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo-muri rusangi ihura n’intambamyi nke.
Iyo ivyo bintu bikora bihuye n’imvo n’imvano zo gukoresha, imigambi iragenda neza. Iyo zihushanye, abazitegura bategerezwa gusubira guhingura canke kwimura, ata kuraba inyungu z’ivyiyumviro.
Ibibazo bikunze kwibazwa
Ni itandukaniro irihe hagati y'imbere-ya-i-meter n'inyuma--imetero ububiko?
Imbere-ya-uburyo bwo kubika inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo zihuye n’uruzitiro rw’amashanyarazi ku bibanza vy’ugutanga amashanyarazi, ku mirongo y’ugutanga amashanyarazi, canke ku bibanza vyo gukwiragiza amashanyarazi. Batanga ivya nkenerwa vy'uruzitiro-rwose kandi bagagira uruhara mu masoko y'ubudandaji. Inyuma ya-uburyo bw'ibipimo bushirwa ku mutungo w'umukiriya ahanini bukoresha inguvu z'umukiriya, naho nyene bushobora gutanga ibikorwa vy'uruzitiro biciye mu migambi yo gukoranya. Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi ni ubutunzi n'intumbero nyamukuru-ibikorwa vy'amazi canke abakozi bigenga bafise imbere-y'-ivyo -metero kugira ngo baronke inyungu z'uruzitiro, mu gihe abakiriya bafise inyuma -ivyo -metero uburyo bwo kwizigama no gukoresha amafaranga.
Ni gute igihe co kubika gigira ico gikoze ku mahitamwo y’aho umuntu azoshira?
Uburyo bw'igihe gito- (amasaha 1-2) bukora neza cane ku bibanza vy'ugukwiragiza kugira ngo bifashe umuriro no inyuma ya-ibibanza vy'imetero -kugira ngo bishobore gucungera amafaranga y'ibisabwa. Uburyo bw’igihe giciye hagati-(amasaha 2-4) burabereye ahantu hakorerwa amashanyarazi n’imihora y’ugutanga amashanyarazi kugira ngo bihindure umusaruro w’izuba ushire hejuru ku vyo usabwa ku mugoroba. Ububiko bw’igihe kirekire (4-8+ amasaha) bushingiye ku nzitizi z’ugutanga amakuru n’ukugira uruhara mw’isoko ry’ubudandaji aho ugusohora kwagutse gufata inzinguzingu nyinshi z’ibiciro. Amasaha 4 yo muri California yerekana ibisabwa n’ingingo ngenderwako zo gutanga amakuru ku mugoroba, mu gihe amasaha 1,7 yo muri Texas ahuye n’amahirwe y’isoko.
Mbega uburyo bwo kubika inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo burashobora kwimurirwa inyuma y’ugukoreshwa kwa mbere?
Birashoboka mu buryo bw'ubuhinga ariko ntibishoboka mu buryo bw'ubutunzi ku mirongo y'urugero rw'ubuhinga-. Ivyombo vy'amabateri ni ibice kandi birashobora gutwarwa, ariko uguhuza uruzitiro ni co kintu gitwara igiciro kinini kandi gifata umwanya mwinshi-. Iyo imaze guhuzwa n’ibikorwa remezo vyo gutanga canke gukwiragiza amakuru bifise ama transformateur n’ibikoresho vy’uburinzi vyihariye, kwimukira mu kindi gihugu vyokwisubiriza ayo mahera. Inyuma ya-imetero-uburyo bw'ubudandaji rimwe na rimwe buragenda iyo ubucuruzi bwimukiye, ariko vyinshi mu bishirwaho ni ivy'ibihe bidahera. Amasezerano y'ubukode bw'imigambi y'ubuhinga-amara imyaka 15-30.
Ni uruhara uruhe igiciro c’amashanyarazi yo mu karere gifise mu ngingo zo gutanga amashanyarazi?
Ivy'ingenzi inyuma ya-i-metero aho ububiko bushingira intahe imiterere y'ibiciro vy'ubudandaji. Igihe-c'-ibiciro vy'ikoreshwa n'itandukaniro ry'isonga/isonga-isonga (California, Hawaii) bituma ububiko bugira inyungu nyinshi. Ibiciro bimwe bimwe bitanga agaciro gatoyi k’ubukemurampaka. Ibiciro vy’ugusaba biratuma habaho inguvu zikomeye ku bikoresho vy’ubudandaji kugira ngo bigabanye ugukoresha kw’isonga. Ku bijanye n’imbere-y’-uburyo bwa-meter, uguhinduka kw’igiciro c’ibintu vyinshi birahambaye cane-Isoko rya ERCOT ryo muri Texas ryerekana uguhinduka kw’ibiciro vyinshi bihemba ububiko, mu gihe amasoko afise ibiciro bihamye atanga amahirwe make. Abahinguzi bamwebamwe mu vy'ukuri barondera ahantu h'igiciro kinini-aho gushaka gusa ahantu h'igiciro kinini-.
Inyishu ivana n’ivyo urimwo be n’imigambi yawe y’inguvu. Gukoresha neza amashanyarazi bihuza ubushobozi bw’ubuhinga, amahirwe y’ubutunzi, n’ivyo uruzitiro rukeneye kugira ngo haboneke uburyo bufasha ba nyen’amashanyarazi n’ibikorwa remezo vy’amashanyarazi vyagutse. Gutahura aho uburyo bwo kubika inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo bujanye n’ibidukikije bikomeye bifasha abafatanyabikorwa gufata ingingo zituma habaho agaciro kanini mu gihe bashigikira uguhindukira bakaja ku nguvu zisukuye.