Uburyo bwa bateri 1MWh burafise insiguro y’amahera iyo ikigo cawe gikoresha 500-2.000 MWh ku mwaka kandi kikaba gifise amafaranga menshi y’ugusaba canke itandukaniro ry’igipimo c’igihe-co gukoresha. Ingingo yo gukoresha ishingiye ku bintu bitatu: ibiranga umuzigo wawe, inkurikizi ziriho, n’ibisabwa mu bikorwa kugira ngo ubone ubushobozi bwo gusubiza inyuma canke gukorana n’ibindi bishobora gusubirwamwo.
Gutahura ingingo y'ingingo y'urugero rwa 1MWh
Ubushobozi bwa 1MWh buri ku rugero rwo hejuru mu kubika inguvu. Ni nini bihagije kugira ngo igire ingaruka ku bikorwa vy'ubudandaji n'inganda ntoya, ariko irakomeye bihagije kugira ngo yirinde ugusobanuka kw'amategeko y'imigambi y'ubuhinga-. Ku rugero rw’ubuhinga, BESS ya 1MWh ishobora gukoreshwa mu gushavura isonga, guhagarika uruzitiro, no gushiramwo inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo.
Uburyo bw’amabateri kuri uru rugero busanzwe bugizwe n’ibikoresho vy’ivyuma vy’i litiyumu bifatanijwe n’uburyo bwo guhindura ubushobozi kuva kuri 500kW gushika kuri 1MW. Iryo bateri ry’amashanyarazi 1 MWh rigizwe n’ibice 75 vy’amabateri ya litiyumu 51.2V 280Ah, bitanga ubuhinga bujanye n’ivyo umuntu akeneye.
Ikibazo co gukoresha si nimba ububiko bwa bateri bufise agaciro-isoko ry’isi yose ryashitse ku madolari 25.02 miliyaridi mu 2024 kandi ritegekanya gushika ku madolari 114.05 miliyaridi mu 2032. Ahubwo, ni nimba ikibazo cawe c’ibikorwa gishobora gutuma ishoramari rigabanywa ubu canke kurindira ko politike igabanywa.
Ivyerekana ivy'amahera vyerekana ko umuntu yiteguye
Isesengura ry'Ibiciro vy'Ibisabwa
Uburyo bw’amafaranga y’umuyagankuba wawe buratanga ikimenyetso gitomoye c’ugushirwaho. Ubucuruzi burashobora gukoresha ububiko bw’amabateri kugira ngo bugabanye amahera bakoresha mu gukoresha inguvu zibitswe mu bihe vy’ugusaba cane igihe ibiciro vy’inguvu biri hejuru cane. Iyo amafaranga y’ugusaba arenga 30-40% y’amafaranga yose ukoresha ku muyagankuba, uburyo bwa 1MWh buraba buhambaye mu vy’ubutunzi.
Rimbura ikigo gikora ibikoresho kiriha amadolari 15/kW mu mahera y’ugusaba ku kwezi n’ugusaba kw’agaciro ka 800kW. Ivyo ni amadolari 144.000 ku mwaka mu bisabwa-bijanye n'ibiciro vyonyene. Bateri ifise ubunini bubereye igabanya ivyipfuzo vy’isonga na 400kW izigama amadolari 72.000 ku mwaka-ituma habaho ivyiza vyo kwishura bikwiye gusuzumwa.
Imibare irahinduka cane mu masoko afise igihe kinini-c'-ikoreshwa ry'itandukaniro. Iyo igiciro c'umuyagankuba wawe co hejuru kirenze igiciro c'umuyagankuba wo hanze -n'amadolari 0.15/kWh canke n'ibindi, ubukemurampaka bw'inguvu burazana inyungu nyinshi. Ubuhinga bugendagenda ku musi ku musi bufise 90% y'ubushobozi bwo gusubira inyuma-bushobora gufata hafi amadolari 55.000 ku mwaka mw'isoko ryinshi -, imbere yo guharura inyungu zo kugabanya ivyifuzo.
Kugarura ibipimo bivuye ku gushirwaho vuba
Amakuru y’umugambi yerekana igihe co kwishura ari gitoyi nk’imyaka ine mu bihe aho ububiko bw’amabateri bwashizwe mu ngiro kugira ngo hafashe ugushavura kw’ibikoresho bikomeye bikoreshwa igihe kidahinduka. Ivyuma vy’ubudandaji bisanzwe bishika ku ROI mu myaka 4-7, n’uguhinduka guterwa na:
Ivyiza -bigaruka(Imyaka 4-5 yo kwishura):
Ibiciro vy'ugusaba biri hejuru y'amadolari 12/kW ku kwezi
TOU ikwiragizwa birenze $0.12/kWh
Ukwifatanya muri porogarama zo gusubiza ibisabwa zifise agaciro k'amadolari 40-60/kW-umwaka
ITC ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ifata 30% vy'igiciro ca sisitemu
Ivyiyumviro vy'ugusubiza biringaniye-(Imyaka 6-7 yo kwishura):
Ivyo usaba bisaba $8-12/kW ku kwezi
TOU itanga amadolari 0,08-0,12/kWh
Porogaramu za Leta canke z'ubuhinga ziraboneka
Ibisabwa vyo gusubiza inyuma ubushobozi bwo kugabanya amafaranga y'ubwishingizi
Igiciro c’uguhingura ROI kiratera imbere mu bice bifise ibiciro vya TOU, ibiciro vyinshi vy’ugusaba, canke ibimenyetso vy’ibiciro bihinduka. Ivyo birasigura igituma California, Texas na New York ari vyo birongoye ugushirwaho, mu gihe uturere dufise imiterere y’ibiciro bimwe vyerekana ko abantu bavyifatamwo buhoro.
Ivyerekeye ibiciro vyahindutse neza. Mu ncamake, abacuruzi barashobora kwitega gukoresha amadolari ari hagati ya 200 na 500 ku kWh, bivanye n’ubwoko bwa bateri n’ubunini bwa sisitemu. Ku bijanye n’ubuhinga bushitse bwa 1MWh harimwo no gushiramwo no gushiramwo, igiciro cose c’umugambi gishobora kuva ku madolari 350.000 gushika ku madolari 700.000 bivanye n’ingene ahantu hameze be n’ingene ubuhinga buteye.
Amahirwe yo guteranya agaciro
Gushingira intahe igikorwa kimwe - gake cane gituma ubutunzi bwa bateri bugenda neza. Ivyerekeye ubucuruzi bikomeye cane bihuza imigende myinshi y’agaciro. Mu bisanzwe, kugira ibikorwa vyinshi vy’ubuhinga, bizwi nk’uguteranya agaciro, birashobora gutanga inyungu nyinshi kuri BESS.
Akarorero k’isi nyakuri-: Ikigo co gukwiragiza amashanyarazi muri California carashizeho ubuhinga bwa 1MWh/500kW mu 2023. Amafaranga yinjiye harimwo:
Igabanuka ry'ivyo umuntu asaba: $68,000/umwaka
Inguvu z'ubukemurampaka: $31,000/umwaka
Inkurikizi za SGIP: $200,000 imbere y'igihe
Ukwitabira inyishu ku bisabwa: $18,000/umwaka
Igabanuka ry’ubwishingizi bw’amashanyarazi: $4.500/umwaka
Inyungu yose hamwe y’umwaka y’amadolari 121.500 ugereranije n’ishoramari ry’amadolari 420.000 (inyuma y’inkurikizi) vyatumye habaho inyungu y’imyaka 3,5. Ico kigo carashitse kuri ivyo kubera ko cakoze neza mu bikorwa vyinshi aho kwibanda gusa ku kugabanya ivyifuzo.
Ivyangombwa vy'Ibikorwa Bifasha Gurungikwa
Ibirango vy'umwirondoro
Si uburyo bwose bwo gukoresha bungukira kimwe ku kubika amabateri. Umukandida mwiza yerekana uguhinduka kw'umuzigo n'ibihe vy'isonga bishobora gutegekanirwa. Sesangura amakuru yawe y'iminota 15-mu mezi 12-niba igipimo cawe co hejuru-ku-mwayeni kirenze 1.5:1, gukoresha bateri bikwiye kwiyumvirirwa cane.
Ivyumba bifise ikoreshwa rikomeye cane vyerekana:
Isonga ryibanze: Ivyipfuzo bigufi, bikomeye (amasaha 1-4) bituma umuntu atanga amahera. Ibikorwa vyo guhingura bikoresha ibikoresho bikomeye ku rutonde rushobora gutegekanirwa birahuye neza n’iyi nkuru.
Igihe gihinduka: Ibikorwa aho imitwaro imwe imwe ishobora guhindukira ikaja ku madirisha y'ugushaja y'isonga. Ivyumba vy’ugukwiragiza ibintu bifise amato y’amashanyarazi akora ijoro ryose mu gihe amabateri yitegurira imitwaro yo gukonjesha ku murango, ni akarorero k’ico kigereranyo.
Ugutahura ikirere: Inyubakwa zifise HVAC-isonga ry'ibikorwa rihuye n'igihe-c'-ibihe vy'ikoreshwa. Ivyiyumviro vy’inyuma y’umuhingamo mu ci mu bihe vy’ubushuhe canke ivyimburwa vy’igitondo vy’urushana mu turere dukanye biratuma haba amahirwe yo gukemura ibibazo.
Ku rundi ruhande, ibikorwa bifise ubushobozi bwo gukoresha 24/7, bironka agaciro gatoyi ku ma bateri kiretse iyo ibisabwa vy’inguvu zo gusubiza inyuma ari vyo biganzwa n’ingingo. Ikigo c’amakuru gikora ku 850kW zidahinduka isaha yose kibona inyungu ntoyi y’ugusaba, naho agaciro k’ukwihangana gashobora gutuma habaho ishoramari.
Ukuri kw'ihuriro ry'uruzitiro
Uko muhuza bifise ingaruka zikomeye ku bushobozi bwo gukoresha. Aho ikibanza co kubika inguvu z’amabateri kizoba kiri hakwiye kuvana n’ubutaka buriho, ukuntu imirongo y’amashanyarazi iri hafi, be n’ingaruka z’aho hantu ku bidukikije.
Intambamyi z'ubushobozi bwa serivisi akenshi zituma umuntu yiyumvira amabateri. Iyo ikigo cawe cegereye ubushobozi bw’ama transformateur kandi guhindura amazi bishobora gutwara amadolari 300.000-500.000 n’igihe c’amezi 18-24, ubuhinga bwa bateri bugura amadolari 400.000-600.000 ariko bushobora gukoreshwa mu mezi 4-6 buratanga ubundi buryo bukwegera.
Na vyo nyene, ibibanza bikunda guhungabana kw’uruzitiro biraronka inyungu zidasanzwe. Uruganda rutunganya ibifungurwa rushikirwa n’uguhagarara kw’amazi 8-12 ku mwaka rukaba rutwara amadolari 15.000-30.000 ku ruganda rumwe rumwe mu gutakaza umusaruro no mu kwonona, rushobora gutuma umuntu ashiramwo amabateri kubera gusa ubushobozi bwo kwihangana, n’ugucungera ivyo bisabwa bikaba bitanga inyungu y’inyongera.
Ibibazo vy'uburyo bw'amashanyarazi-uguhinduka kw'umuriro, amajwi, canke uguhagarara kw'akanya gato-bitera ubwoba ibikoresho bikomeye bitera uwundi mushoferi wo gukoresha. Uburyo bwa none bw'amabateri buratanga ubushobozi bwo gutwara-biciye mu bushobozi n'ubushobozi bwo gukingira ibikorwa mu gihe butanga inyungu mu vy'ubutunzi.
Ivyiyumviro vy'Ukwinjizwa Bishobora Gusubirwamwo
Izuba-Ukwongerako-Ubutunzi bwo kubika
Igikoresho c’amabateri y’izuba PV + kizoba ari ishoramari ryiza kuruta amabateri ahagaze-yonyene, turavye igiciro gito co gukoresha n’ubushobozi bwo guhabwa inkunga nyinshi z’amahera. Iryo huriro rifungura ubufatanye ubuhinga bwigenga budashobora gushikako.
Ivyuma vy’izuba bifise ubunini bwa 40-60% vy’umuzigo w’umurango bifatanya neza n’ububiko bwa 1MWh. Igikoresho c’izuba gifise ubushobozi bwa 400kW gitanga 600.000 kWh ku mwaka gitanga ingufu zo mu gicugu akenshi zigurishwa ku giciro c’inyuma y’-isonga. Bateri ifata ivyo bikoresho vy’agaciro gatoyi maze ikabirungika mu bihe vy’isonga ry’umugoroba iyo ibiciro vyiyongereye gatatu.
Iyi mitunganyirize igwiza -ugukoresha mu gihe igumya ubushobozi bwo gushushanya uruzitiro-. Mu bihe vy'ibicu canke mu bihe vy'umuzigo munini-, ubushobozi bw'uruzitiro bwongera ubushobozi bwa bateri. Ubuhinga burahuza n’ibintu aho guhatira abantu gukora ibintu bikomeye.
Ivyitegererezo vy’ivy’ubutunzi vyerekana ko ububiko bw’izuba-plus-bushika ku 15-25% IRR nziza kuruta uburyo bwigenga mu masoko afise imipaka y’ugupima canke ibiciro vyo gushora ibintu hanze bigabanutse. Uko ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bigenda bihinduka bishika ku gihe-c’indishi y’ivyoherezwa hanze, ububiko buri ahantu hamwe burahinduka kuva ku bwiza-kugira ngo bube buhambaye mu bukungu bw’umugambi w’izuba.
Umuyaga n'Ivyaruka Bihinduka
Ibibanza vy'inganda bifise -umuyaga bihanganye n'ingorane zikomeye z'uguhagarara. Bateri ya 1MWh itanga uburyo bwo gukingira umuyaga, igabanya ibihano vyo gukorana n’uruzitiro no gutuma ubushobozi bukoreshwa neza.
Gufatanya ibikoresho vya VRE na BESS birashobora gutuma ivyo bikoresho bishobora guhindura uruvyaro rwavyo kugira ngo bihure n’ivyo bikenewe cane, bigatuma agaciro k’ubushobozi bwavyo n’ukwizigirwa kwa sisitemu bitera imbere. Ivyo birahambaye cane cane ku bibanza biri munsi y’amasezerano y’uguhuza ashingiye ku bisabwa-aho umusanzu w’isonga uhuriyeko ugira ico ukoze ku mahera y’ubushobozi.
Ingingo yo gushiramwo ibikorwa irakomera iyo ingufu zishobora gusubirwamwo zihinduka zirenga 30-40% vy’inguvu zikoreshwa ku kibanza. Munsi y’iyi nzira, uguhinduranya uruzitiro gufata uguhinduka n’igiciro gitoyi. Hejuru yayo, ububiko buca buba ibikorwa remezo bikenewe aho kuba ugutera imbere kw’ubuhinga.
Urutonde rw'igihe n'ibintu vyo gushirwa mu ngiro
Intambwe z'iterambere n'igihe
Urutonde rw’imigambi y’ukuri rufata amezi 6-12 kuva ku ngingo gushika ku bikorwa. Kugira ngo umugambi wa BESS ushirwe mu ngiro neza bisaba uburyo butunganye buhuza inyigisho nyinshi, abafatanyabikorwa n’ibisabwa vy’ubuhinga. Gutahura uru rutonde rw’igihe birafasha guhuza n’ingendo zo gutegura ubucuruzi.
Amezi 1-2: Bishoboka n'ingene vyateguwe
Isesengura ry'umuzigo n'isubiramwo ry'amakuru y'amezi 12
Ugupima ubunini bwa sisitemu mu bihe vyinshi
Intango y'inyigisho y'uguhuza
Isuzuma ry'intango ry'aho hantu
Ivyitegererezo vy'ivy'amahera bifise inzira nyinshi zo gutera intege
Amezi 3-4: Gutanga uruhusha no gutanga amasoko
Uruhusha rwo kwubaka
Uruhusha rw'amashanyarazi n'uguhuza ibikorwa
Kwemererwa n'umukuru w'umuriro (inzira y'ingenzi mu bihugu vyinshi)
Amasoko y'ibikoresho n'ugucungera umwanya wo kubikora
Guhitamwo abakozi ba EPC
Amezi 5-6: Gushiramwo no gutanga
Gutegura ahantu n'ibikorwa vyo gushinga umushinge
Gutanga ibikoresho no kubishira ahantu
Guhuza umuyagankuba
Porogaramu n'igerageza ry'uburyo bwo kugenzura
Ukwemererwa kw'ihuriro ry'ibikoresho n'igerageza ry'ivyabona
Ivyinshi mu gukosora sisitemu bikorerwa ku ruganda kugira ngo bikoreshwe vyihuse, ivyo bikaba vyihuta igice co gushiramwo ku -site. Uburyo bwa none bukoreshwa mu bikoresho bushika imbere y'uko -shirwamwo, bikagabanya ingorane zo gushiramwo ibintu mu murima n'igihe bimara.
Kwemerera bigereranya igihinduka kitamenyekana kuruta ibindi vyose. Intara zifise ubumenyi mu bijanye n’uburyo bwo kubika inguvu mu ndwi 4-8. Uturere dufise ubumenyi buke bwa BESS dushobora gusaba amezi 3-6 kuko amashirahamwe y’inyubako asobanura amategeko atanditswe mu ntango ku bw’ubu buhinga.
Isuzuma ry'ibisabwa ku rubuga
Ibikorwa remezo vy'umubiri bikeneye kenshi gutangaza abakoresha igihe ca mbere-. Igikoresho ca ISO c’amafuti 20 gisanzwe gifise ubuhinga bwose bw’amashanyarazi 1MWh, gisaba amafuti nka 170 y’uburebure bw’ibirenge hamwe n’uburenganzira bwo gusanasana. Ivyumba vyose bizohabwa bikwiye gutegurwa ku metero kare 300-400.
Ibisabwa vyo gushinga umushinge bivana n’ingene ubutaka bumeze be n’ingingo ngenderwako zo guhingura umutingito. Ivyuma vya beton bifise uburebure bwa 6-8 inches biratanga infashanyo ihagije mu bikorwa vyinshi. Uburemere bw'urutonde-mu bisanzwe 40,000-50,000 pounds yuzuye-bisaba isesengura ryiza ry'ugusangira umuzigo.
Ibisabwa mu bikorwa remezo vy’amashanyarazi ni:
Ubushobozi bw'umuhinduzi canke urupapuro rw'ibikorwa
Inzira z'imiyoboro y'amahuza ya AC na DC
Ibikorwa remezo vyo gupima no gupima
Igikoresho co guhuza uruzitiro
Uburyo bwo gukuraho ivyihutirwa
Guzimya umuriro birongereza ingorane mu bihugu bimwebimwe. Ivyuma vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’ivyuma vy’i litiyumu bifise uburyo bwiza bwo gucungera ubushuhe birafise uburyo bukomeye bwo kwirinda, ariko abajejwe umuriro bo mu karere boshobora gusaba izindi ngingo zo kwirinda. Ivyo bishobora kuva ku kuba hafi y’ibizimya umuriro vyoroshe gushika ku buryo bwo kuzimya umuriro bushitse, bikaba bigira ico bikoze ku giciro c’umugambi no ku gihe.
Isoko n'Ivyiyumviro vy'Itegeko
Inkurikizi z'iterambere ry'ubutaka
ITC ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika itanga 30% vy’ikori hakurikijwe igice ca 48 c’Itegeko ry’Igihugu, uburyo bwo kubika inguvu burashobora guhabwa 30% y’ikori. Ico kintu gitera intege, caraguwe gushika mu 2032 imbere y’uko kiva ku butegetsi, gihindura cane ubutunzi bw’umugambi.
Porogarama za Leta n’iz’amazi zongera agaciro kanini mu masoko y’ingenzi. SGIP ya California itanga amadolari ashika ku 1.000/kWh ku migambi yo guhangana n’uburinganire, ishobora gutanga amadolari miliyoni imwe ku nzira ya 1MWh. Massachusetts itanga porogarama ya SMART n’ivyo kwongerako kugira ngo ubike. Igiciro c'agaciro ka New York kirishura ububiko bw'ibikorwa vyinshi vy'uruzitiro.
Ivyo bitera intege ntibiguma aho biri. Ingingo y’imari ya SGIP ya California irahera buri mwaka, urutonde rw’abasaba ruramara amezi menshi. Abanyagihugu ba mbere bafata ubutunzi burengeye ubw’abandi. Imigambi itevye amezi 12-18 ishobora guhura n’ugugabanya ingero z’inkurikizi canke gutakaza porogarama.
Imiterere y’amafaranga y’ibikorwa vy’amazi na yo nyene iratera imbere. Ivyuma vyinshi bikomeye vyashize mu ngiro canke vyasavye guhindura igipimo ca TOU congerera itandukaniro ry’isonga/iry’isonga-itandukaniro ry’isonga-gukomeza ubutunzi bwo kubika. Ku rundi ruhande, inzego zimwe zimwe zirazirikana ihinduka ry’amahera yo gusaba ryoshobora kugabanya agaciro ka bateri. Gukurikirana amadosiye y’amategeko bifasha gukoresha neza umwanya.
Ugukura kw'ubuhinga n'inzira z'igiciro
Isoko ry’ububiko bw’inguvu z’amabateri kw’isi yose ryari rifise agaciro k’amadolari 25,02 miliyaridi mu 2024 kandi ritegerezwa kuba rifise agaciro k’amadolari 32,63 miliyaridi mu 2025 kandi ritegerezwa gushika ku madolari 114,05 miliyaridi mu 2032.
Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) chemistry yaje nk’ikigereranyo co kubika mu bucuruzi, itanga ibiranga umutekano mwiza cane kandi igiciro ca LFP n’ivyiza vy’ubushuhe-bituma igira 19% CAGR. Ico kibazo c'ubuhinga bwa none caragabanutse cane-ikibazo kirahinduka kikava ku "vyoba bizokora?" ku "tuzobigira gute bibe vyiza?"
Inzira z’ibiciro zirerekana ugukomeza ariko kugabanuka. Ibiciro vy’amabateri vyagabanutse 70% hagati ya 2014 na 2024 ariko birashoboka ko bizogabanuka 20-30% gusa mu myaka itanu iri imbere uko vyegereza igiciro co gukora. Ingamba yo "kurindira amabateri atari menshi" yaragize insiguro mu 2018; uno musi ritanga imyaka myinshi y’amahera yazigamye kugira ngo rigabanye igiciro c’itunga ry’imbere mu gihe kizoza.
Ivyemezo vya sisitemu ubu bihora bifata imyaka 10 n’ivyemezo vyo kugumana ubushobozi. Bateri Systems ziza n'igarantiya y'ingendo 5000 n'ibice 80% vya DOD (Uburebure bw'Isohoka), bitanga icizigiro mu bikorwa vy'igihe kirekire-bitaboneka mu mayaruka ya kera.
Ivy’ugutanga ibifungurwa na vyo nyene vyarakuze. Igihe co gukora cari amezi 12-18 mu 2021-2022 carahindutse amezi 4-6 ku bijanye n’imiterere isanzwe. Ukwo gushobora kumenya imbere y’igihe birashigikira ugutegura umugambi n’ugutanga amahera bifise ukwizigira.
Inzego z'Ingingo: Isuzuma ry'Intambwe zitatu-
Icigwa ca 1: Igishushanyo c'ubutunzi
Tangana n’ugusuzuma ivy’amahera mu buryo bugororotse imbere yo kwisuka mu vy’ubuhinga burambuye:
Igitigiri gito c'ubushobozi: Amafaranga y’amashanyarazi ku mwaka arenga amadolari 400.000 n’imiburiburi amadolari 120.000 y’amafaranga y’ugusaba canke igihe-amafaranga y’inguvu atandukanye. Munsi y’ico kigero, ubuhinga bwo kubamwo canke ubw’ubudandaji buto buto (100-500kWh) mu bisanzwe buratanga ubutunzi bwiza.
Ingereranyo y'ukwishura vuba: (Igiciro ca sisitemu - inkurikizi) ÷ (ubuzigama bw’umwaka + agaciro k’ubukemurampaka + inyungu z’inyongera). Ivyo nivyarenga imyaka 10, nusubire wiyumvire igihe canke urindire ibintu vyiza kuruta.
Gusuzuma ukwemererwa kw'inkurikizi: Kwemeza ko ITC ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ishobora gukoreshwa no gukora ubushakashatsi kuri porogarama za Leta/iz’ubuhinga. Umugambi ufise 30% ITC hamwe n’inzego za Leta zitanga 40-50% vy’amahera utangura n’ubutunzi butandukanye cane n’uwutagira ivyo vyose.
Icigwa ca 2: Gusuzuma ubushobozi bwo gukora
Ivyuma vy'ubutunzi bica mu ciciro ca mbere bitera imbere mu gusuzuma ibikorwa:
Isesengura ry'umwirondoro: Suzuma amezi 12 y'amakuru y'iminota 15-. Harura umubare w’umuzigo (ugusaba kwa mwayeni ÷ ugusaba kw’isonga). Ivyiyumviro vy’umuzigo biri munsi ya 0,65 vyerekana ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwiyogosha. Kumenya isonga 10 ry’ivyo umuntu asaba-niba ryifatanije mu buryo bushobora gutegekanirwa, bateri ishobora kubitera neza.
Isuzuma ry'ukwitegura kw'urubuga: Kwemeza umwanya uhari, ubushobozi bw’ibikorwa remezo vy’amashanyarazi, n’ukubura ingorane zikomeye z’ahantu (ingorane z’umwuzure, ibidukikije bifise ubushuhe bukaze, imipaka yo kwikorera umuzigo-).
Isubiramwo ry'intambamyi z'imikorere: Kumenya uburyo bwose canke ibisabwa bigorana gukorana na bateri. 24/7 imizigo ikomeye ishobora gukenera ubuhinga butandukanye n'ibikorwa bishobora guhinduka. Ukwifatanya mu bikorwa vy’uruja n’uruza bishobora guhushanya n’ugushira imbere ubushobozi bwo gusubiza inyuma.
Icigwa ca 3: Ingamba zo gukoresha neza umwanya
Ivyo bibiri, ubutunzi n’imikorere, bica bishikana ku bibazo vy’igihe:
Ibimenyetso vy'ugushiraho ubwo nyene:
Kwegera ibisabwa vyo kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo vy'amazi
Porogarama z'inkurikizi ziriho ubu ziri mu kaga ko kuruha canke kugabanywa
Ibihungabanya ibikorwa bitewe n'uburyo bw'amashanyarazi canke ibibazo vy'ukwizigirwa bituma habaho uguhomba gushobora guharurwa
Ukwaguka kw'inyubako kuzokwongerera cane ubukene
Ingamba zo gutevya ibimenyetso:
Impinduka zikomeye mu miterere y'ibiciro zatangajwe ariko ntizirashirwa mu ngiro
Porogarama nshasha zo gutera intege ziriko zirategurwa zizotangura mu mezi 6-12
Ivyiza vy'ubuhinga (igihe kirekire-uburyo bwo gucungera ubushuhe) bifitaniye isano n'ikoreshwa ryawe riri hafi gucuruzwa
Imiryango myinshi yisanga mu Ciciro ca 3 ikwiye kubandanya kiretse ibimenyetso vy’ugucerezwa bigaragara ko biruta abashoferi baca baza. "Igihe ciza" ntikigera gake, kandi kurindira biheba inyungu nyazo z'ibikorwa n'iz'amahera.
Ivyerekeye ugukoresha hakurikijwe inganda
Ibikorwa vy'ubuhinga n'inganda
Ivyumba bifise ibikoresho bikomeye be n’urutonde rw’ibikorwa rwasobanuwe ni vyo bishika ku nyungu zikomeye kuruta izindi. Ni vyiza ku bihe vy’ugusaba amashanyarazi menshi nk’amaparike y’inganda. Ivyiyumviro nyamukuru bituma habaho:
Ivyabaye vy'umuzigo vyibanze: Amashini yo gutera inshinge, amafuru y’inganda, canke ibikoresho vyo guhingura ibintu bikora ibice vy’iminota 30-60 bituma habaho amafaranga adahuye n’ivyo umuntu asaba. Uburyo bwa 1MWh burashobora gufasha inzinguzingu 4-6 z’inguvu nyinshi ku musi.
Guhindura neza: Ibikorwa vy’amasaha atatu-bishobora gushaja amabateri ku masaha y’ijoro ku biciro vy’amadolari 0.04/kWh no gufasha isonga ry’inyuma y’umuhingamo ku madolari 0.18/kWh, bifata amadolari 0.14/kWh akwiragizwa mu nzira z’amasaha 700-800 kWh ku musi.
Uburyo bwo kwihangana: Ivyiyumviro vy’uguhingura bishobora guhinduka bitewe n’uguhinduka kw’umuriro canke guhagarara kw’igihe gito bivyungukirako mu guhindura ubushobozi no gutwara-biciye mu bushobozi amabateri atanga iruhande y’ugutuma ubutunzi bugenda neza.
Ubucuruzi bw'amazu
Inyubakwa z’ibiro, amahoteli, n’ibibanza vy’ubudandaji bifise imitwaro ya HVAC iterwa n’ikirere-bigereranya abashaka gukoreshwa. Ubuhinga busanzwe butanga:
Infashanyo yo gukonjesha: Amabateri abanza-ibibanza bikonjesha mu masaha y'ijoro kandi yongera ubushobozi bw'uruzitiro mu bihe vy'ijoro ry'ibikorwa, bikagabanya amafaranga y'ibisabwa n'igihe-co -ikoreshwa ry'inguvu.
Ukwongerekana kw'agaciro k'umukodesha: Inyubakwa zitanga ububasha bwo gusubiza inyuma abakodesha canke uruhara muri porogarama zo gukoresha neza inguvu z’inyubako-zishobora gusaba amafaranga y’ubukode y’amadolari 0.50-1.50/sq ft ku mwaka mu masoko y’amahiganwa.
Gusaba guhinduranya: Ubuyobozi bw’umutungo burashobora kuja muri porogarama zo gusubiza ibisabwa n’amazi ataco buhinduye ku mpumurizo y’abakodesha, bukaronka amadolari 30-50/kW-umwaka mu gihe amabateri aguma akora HVAC mu gihe c’ibirori.
Ibibanza vy'amakuru n'ibikorwa remezo bihambaye
Ku bakoresha amashanyarazi n’inganda bafise amashanyarazi menshi ku musi, iyi nzira yo kubika amashanyarazi mu bikoresho vy’amabateri 1MW 3MWh irashobora kubaronsa neza amashanyarazi bakeneye. Intumbero-ibikorwa bihambaye bisuzuma ububiko biciye mu buryo butandukanye:
Ukwihangana-ubutunzi bwa mbere: Naho uburongozi bw’ivyo umuntu asaba butanga inyungu y’amahera, ubushobozi bwo gusubiza inyuma akenshi buratuma umuntu ashobora gushiramwo amahera gusa. Uburyo bwa 1MWh bufasha amasaha 1-2 y’umuzigo wose w’ibikorwa canke amasaha 4-6 ku bushobozi bugabanutse bwa N+1.
Guhuza umuyagankuba: Amabateri ashobora guhagarika umuriro mu kanya nk’ako gukubita kandi agatanga ubushobozi busukuye mu gihe umuyagankuba utanguye, agakuraho idirisha ry’uguhindura amakuru ry’amasegonda 10-15 rishobora guhungabanya ibikorwa canke bisaba ubushobozi bwa UPS.
Ubushobozi buhinduka: Uko umuzigo w’ubuhinga bwa none ukura, amabateri arashobora gusubiza inyuma uguhindura ama transformateur n’ama switchgear mu kugenzura ivyipfuzo vy’abantu benshi mu gihe imigambi yo kwagura ibikorwa iriko irakura.
Gushaja imodoka y'umuyagankuba
Ico kibanza co gushaja ama EV gishobora gukoreshwa vuba gifise amabateri 1MWh gishobora gukoreshwa ningoga mu ntara z’ivyaro kandi gishobora gushaja ama EV ashika 20 mu gihe amashanyarazi azimye. Ibibanza vyo gushajako ibikorwa remezo bikoresha amabateri 1MWh ku:
Gugabanya ivyo usaba: Ivyuma vy’ugushaja vyihuta bituma habaho ivyifuzo vyinshi cane-ibishaja bitandatu vy’amashanyarazi 150kW bikora icarimwe bikura 900kW. Amabateri arafata ivyo bisabwa, akagabanya ibisabwa mu bikorwa remezo vy’ubuhinga n’amahera y’ubushobozi aguma asaba.
Gutuma amafaranga yinjira neza: Gushaja amabateri mu bihe vy’ijoro ryinshi (midnight-6am) ku biciro vy’ingero nyinshi no gufasha gushaja mu bihe bizimvye, bituma ubutunzi bw’urubuga butera imbere cane.
Infashanyo y'uruzitiro: Kugira uruhara mu gutegeka incuro canke muri porogarama zo gusubiza ibisabwa mu bihe aho ibisabwa vyo kwishura EV biri hasi, bikaba bituma habaho inyungu z’inyongera zivuye mu mitungo idakora.
Ibikorwa vyiza vyo gushirwa mu ngiro
Guhitamwo abagurisha n'imiterere ya sisitemu
Irinde amakosa atatu asanzwe yo gutanga amasoko atuma umugambi udatera imbere:
Ikosa rya 1: Guhitamwo igiciro gito -ata kugereranya garanti. Igikoresho c’amadolari 400.000 gifise garanti yuzuye y’imyaka 10 kiraruta igikoresho c’amadolari 350.000 gifise garanti y’imyaka 5. Agaciro k'igarantiya mu giciro cose c'imibare y'ubunywanyi.
Ikosa rya 2: Gushiramwo ubunini burenze urugero kubera ivyo bizokenerwa muri kazoza. Uburyo-ubunini bw'ibisabwa ubu n'inzira zo kwagura ziteguwe neza. Ubuhinga bwa 1MWh bujanye n’ivyo abantu bakeneye uno musi burarusha ubuhinga bwa 2MWh bumara imyaka butakoreshwa neza mu gihe bugenda burasenyuka.
Ikosa rya 3: Kwirengagiza ubuhinga bwo gukorana n'abandi. Itandukaniro ry'amadolari 30.000 hagati y'umuhinga mu bijanye n'ugukorana n'umuhinga mu bijanye n'ugutanga amahera make-rifise akamaro gatoyi kuruta gukoresha neza no gutuma ibintu bigenda neza. Ivyerekeye ivyo bitabu bisa n’ivyo biratanga ubumenyi buhambaye cane.
Imiterere y'uburyo bwo gucunga inguvu
Porogaramu yo gucunga inguvu ikora nk'ubwonko bwa BESS, ifata ingingo z'igihe nyaco-yo kuyobora inguvu. Porogaramu nziza isaba:
Ubuhinga bwo kwimenyereza: Sisitemu zikwiye guhindura ingamba zo gushaja/gukuraho zishingiye ku vyo ikirere kivuga, ku mirongo y’amateka, no ku bimenyetso vy’igiciro c’uruzitiro aho gushingira ku rutonde rudahinduka. EMS iteye imbere ifata 15-25% y'agaciro kurusha ubugenzuzi bushingiye ku gihe.
Ivyagezwe vy'umutekano: Gushinga imipaka igaragara y’ibikorwa-imipaka mikeyi y’inguvu z’inyuma, ibipimo vy’ugusohoka vyinshi mu bihe bitandukanye, imipaka y’ubushuhe itera ingingo zo kwikingira.
Gukurikirana ibikorwa: Igihe nyaco-kuboneka mu bipimo vy'ingenzi (imiterere y'umuriro, ubushobozi, ibara ry'ingendo, ubushuhe) bishoboza gukora neza no kumenya ibibazo vyihuse. Sisitemu zikwiye kwandika amakuru kugira ngo zisuzumwe ibikorwa vy’ukwezi.
Gucungera no gukora igihe kirekire-
Ubuhinga bwa bateri busaba gutunganirizwa bike ariko bihoraho. Igenzura ry’imisi itatu rikwiye kuba:
Igenzura ry'amaso ry'amahuza n'ibice
Igenzura ry'ubushuhe
Gusuzuma imikorere y'uburyo bwo gukonjesha
Porogaramu n'ivugurura
Gusubiramwo n'isesengura ry'amakuru y'ibikorwa
Kudatanga insiguro y’ivyo kwitaho birashobora kugabanya ubuzima bwa sisitemu no kugabanya ubushobozi bw’ivy’amahera. Ingengo y’imari y’amadolari 8.000-12.000 ku mwaka ku masezerano y’ubuhinga bwo gusanasana arimwo ugukurikirana kure no gufasha mu bihe vy’ivyago.
Ivyo bateri ikora biragabanuka buhoro buhoro. Ivyuma vy’i Litiyumu bifise ubushobozi bwo gukora 80% inyuma y’ingendo 5.000-6.000 zuzuye. Mu bikorwa vy’ugutwara amagare ku musi, ivyo bisobanura imyaka 12-15 imbere y’uko ubushobozi bugwa ku 80% vy’igipimo c’izina-birenze cane ibihe vy’ugusubiza umugambi.
Gutegura amaherezo gusubirira utugingo ngengabuzima canke gusubiramwo sisitemu. Inyuma y’imyaka 12-15, uburyo bwo gusanura bushobora kubamwo ugusubirira utugingo ngengabuzima mu gihe umuntu aguma afise amashanyarazi y’ubuhinga bwa none n’uruzitiro, bikagabanya igiciro ugereranyije no gusubirira ubuhinga bwose.
Ibibazo bikunze kwibazwa
Ni itandukaniro irihe riri hagati ya 1MW na 1MWh mu bikoresho vy'amabateri?
MW (megawatt) ipima ubushobozi bwo gusohora ubushobozi-ingene bateri ishobora guca canke gukura vuba igihe cose. MWh (megawatt-isaha) ipima ubushobozi bwo kubika inguvu-inguvu zose bateri ifise. Bateri y’amashanyarazi 1MWh ifatanijwe n’inverter y’amashanyarazi 500kW ishobora gukura ubushobozi bwayo bwose mu masaha 2. Iyo bateri nyene ya 1MWh ifise inverter ya 1MW irasohoka mw’isaha 1 ariko itanga ubushobozi bwinshi ku bikorwa vy’igihe gito.
None ubuhinga bwa bateri 1MWh bumara igihe kingana iki?
Ivyuma vy’ubu bikora imyaka 10-15 imbere y’uko bishika ku 80% vy’ubushobozi bwavyo bwa mbere, mu bisanzwe 5.000-6.000 vy’ingendo z’ugushaja no gusohoka. Ubuzima nyabwo buvana n'uburebure bw'amazi asohoka, incuro umuntu akoresha ikinga, ubushuhe bwo gukoresha, n'uburyo bwo kwitaho. Ubuhinga bugendagenda ku musi ku musi ku burebure bwa 80% bushika ku mpera y’ubuzima bwabwo vuba kuruta ubuhinga bugendagenda kenshi ku burebure butari bwinshi.
Noshobora kwongerako ubushobozi ku nzira ya 1MWh mu nyuma?
Sisitemu nyinshi zishigikira ukwaguka kw’ibice. Ivyombo vy’ibikoresho akenshi birashobora kwakira ibindi bikoresho vy’amabateri mu ruzitiro gushika ku bushobozi bw’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none. Ukwaguka gukomeye kwoshobora gusaba ibindi bikoresho canke inverters zivuguruwe. Gutegura inzira zo kwagura mu gihe c'umugambi w'intango-kwongera ubushobozi biroroshe kandi biratwara amahera menshi-kurusha gusubiramwo uburyo butari bwinshi.
Noba nkeneye amatara y’izuba kugira ngo nshobore gushingira intahe uburyo bwo gukoresha amabateri?
Oya, naho izuba-plus-ububiko akenshi butera imbere ubutunzi. Bateri zihagaze zitanga agaciro biciye mu kugabanya ivyifuzo, gucungera inguvu, no gutanga ibikorwa vy'uruja n'uruza mu masoko menshi ata -ikoreshwa ry'urubuga. Bateri zihagaze-zonyene ni ngirakamaro ku nguvu zo gusubiza inyuma, gucungera inguvu no gushavura ariko ukuntu zishingiye ku muyagankuba w’uruzitiro bituma habaho ibiciro bitandukanye vyo gukoresha n’ivyo gukoresha izuba-.
Idirisha ryo gushirwaho
Ivyerekeye gukoresha amabateri y’amashanyarazi 1MWh birakomera uko umwaka utashe uko ubuhinga bugenda burakura, ibiciro bikagabanuka, kandi infashanyo y’ingingo mfatirwako igakura. Amashirahamwe afise amafaranga y’amashanyarazi arenga amadolari 400.000 ku mwaka, amafaranga menshi asabwa canke itandukaniro rya TOU, n’imiterere y’ibikorwa ituma habaho imizigo y’isonga ishobora gutegekanirwa, akwiye gusuzuma ugushirwaho ubu aho kurindira.
Ivy’ishimikiro vy’amahera birakora. Ivyimburwa vy’imyaka ine-kugeza kuri-indwi-bifise inyungu nyinshi, 30% vy’imisoro ya Leta, n’ubuhinga butera imbere bitanga inyungu zikomeye. Inyungu z’ibikorwa-ubushobozi bwo gusubiza inyuma, kwongereza uburyo bw’ubushobozi, ubufatanye bushobora gusubirwamwo-vyongera agaciro karenze ubutunzi butagira agasembwa.
Ukwitegura kwawe kwo gutumwa ku bibazo bitatu: Mbega urutonde rwawe rw’umuzigo ruratuma uronka amahirwe y’ubutunzi? Mbega ivyo gutera intege biriho vyoba bikomeza urubanza rw’ubudandaji? Ico kibanza canyu coba gishobora gushigikira ibisabwa vy’umubiri n’ivy’amashanyarazi? Inyishu zitatu ego zisobanura ko igihe co gutanga ari ubu.
Ivyumba vyinshi bibona ko ingorane nyamukuru atari ugushiramwo amahera kare cane-ni ugucerezwa cane no guheba imyaka y'ubuzigama n'inyungu zo kwihangana mu gihe urindiriye ibintu bishobora kutazokwigera bitera imbere mu buryo bufise insiguro.