Abanyagihugu amajana cumi n’abiri bahunze amazu yabo igihe imbeya zaca mu kibanza co kubikamwo amabateri co muri Moss Landing ku wa 16 Nzero 2025. Uwo muriro waraturitse amasaha 24. Yamara haciye indwi zitatu, ico kibanza nyene cari carasubiye ku rubuga, kigaburira amashanyarazi uruja n’uruza rwa California mu masaha y’ugusaba cane-kubera ko Leta idashobora gukora ataco.
Uwo mubabaro ufata ikintu benshi mu bamenyeshamakuru babura ku bijanye n’uburyo bwo kubika inguvu bushingiye kuri bateri. Amerika yashizeho ubushobozi bushasha bwa gigawatts 12,3 mu 2024, ni ugusimbuka kw’ibice 33% vyatumye iba igice gitera cane -mu bikorwa remezo vy’inguvu za Amerika. Naho abanegura bashimika ku bibazo 15 vya BESS vyananiwe vyavuzwe mu 2023, ntibitaho ibarura rivuga cane: ibiharuro vy’ukunanirwa kw’isaha ya gigawatt- vyaragabanutse cane mbere n’igihe ubushobozi bwose bwari bwarateye imbere. Moss Landing yafashe umuriro cane cane kubera ko ibika inguvu 3.280 MWh-ziruta izo ibisagara vyose bikoresha ku musi umwe. Twarayubatse nini gutyo kuko twabwirizwa.
Inkuru nyayo si uko uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z’amabateri bukora. Kubera ko amadolari 150 miliyaridi yashizwemwo kuva mu 2021, n’ugushirwa mu nzu z’uburaro kwariyongereyeko 57% mu mwaka umwe, iyo mpari yararangiye. Ikibazo ubu ni ingene twokwihuta gukoresha ubushobozi buhagije kugira ngo umuyaga n’izuba bishobore gukora nk’inguvu z’ishimikiro. Texas na California zongeyeko 61% vy’ubushobozi bushasha bwo mu 2024 atari nk’igerageza, ariko nk’ibikorwa remezo bihambaye. Iyo umukoresha wawe w'uruzitiro ategekanya gusohoka kwa bateri mu masaha-ahera kuva kuri 19 gushika kuri 22 buri musi, uba waraciye ku kimenyamenya-c'-iciyumviro.
Uko uburyo bwo kubika inguvu za bateri bukora vy'ukuri
Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu bushingiye kuri bateri burahindura inguvu z’umuyagankuba zikaba inguvu z’imiti kugira ngo zibikwe, hanyuma bugahindura iyo nzira iyo uruzitiro rusaba inguvu. Uburyo ubwabwo buragororotse-lithium-ion cells zishaja iyo umuyagankuba urengeye uvuye mu bikoresho vy’izuba canke mu bikoresho vy’umuyaga, zigasohoka iyo ugukoresha birenze umuyagankuba. Ico cahinduye ivyo kuva ku ciyumviro ca laboratwari gushika ku mugongo w’ibikorwa remezo ni urugero n’ubuhinga.
Ivyuma vya BESS vyo muri iki gihe bikoranya ibihumbi vy’ibice vy’amabateri vy’abantu ku giti cabo bikaja mu bikoresho vy’ibikoresho. Igikoresho cose gishobora gufata hagati ya 1.5 na 3.5 MWh y'ubushobozi, gishizwe mu bikoresho bigenzurwa n'ikirere-bigumya ubushuhe bwiza hagati ya 15-25 degrees . Uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi bukorana n’uguhindura AC-ku -DC mu gihe co gushaja, DC-ku -AC mu gihe co gusohora, n’abahindura amashanyarazi bo muri iki gihe bashika ku bushobozi bwo kugenda no kugaruka bugera kuri 85-92%.
Uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri bugereranya ubwenge nyabwo. Ivyo bikoresho bigenzura umuriro, umuriro, n’ubushuhe mu ngingo z’umubiri incuro 1.000 ku segonda. Igihe umukoresha w’uruzitiro rwa California yerekanye ko bikenewe gutegeka incuro ku isaha ya 7:23 z’ijoro, BMS igena ibice bisohoka, ku rugero rungana iki, n’igihe -bihindura mu gihe nyaco-uko ivy’uruzitiro bihinduka. Ukwo guhuza bishika ubwavyo mu bibanza vyose bibika amajana y’ama MWh, bikaba bihuza ubushobozi bw’amashanyarazi mu bihumbi vy’ibice kugira ngo bibeho.
Imigenderanire y'ubu yerekana ubukure:Ico kigo ca Edwards & Sanborn co muri California gikoresha amashanyarazi 821 MW / 3.280 MWh-manini bihagije kugira ngo gishobore guha amashanyarazi amazu 650.000 mu masaha ane. Ntiyicara ataco ikora irindiriye ivyihutirwa. Mu gihe ca Q4 2024, amabateri y’urugero rw’ubuhinga-mu karere ka CAISO yariko arashaja 14,7% vy’umuzigo wose mu masaha-ahera kuva kuri 10 gushika kuri 13, hanyuma akayisohora mu gihe c’isonga ry’umugoroba. Uwo murongo wo gutwara amagare ku musi ku musi waracitse uwo kwizigirwa cane ku buryo abakoresha uruja n’uruza rw’amazi bawutegura nk’ibindi bintu vyose bitanga umuyagankuba.
Ibintu bitatu nyamukuru bisigura ubwubatsi bwa BESS bwa none:
Ivyuma vy’amabateri ni vyo bishiramwo utugingo ngengabuzima tw’amashanyarazi.Ubu ubuhinga bwa Litiyumu Iron Phosphate (LFP) buraganzwa n’ibikoresho vy’uruzitiro-, bufata 99% vy’ibikoresho vyo mu 2024. LFP yihanganira ubushuhe bwinshi kurusha ubwoko bwa kera bwa Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) kandi yerekana ukubora buhoro-itakaza ubushobozi buri munsi ya 2% ku mwaka mu myaka 15-isanzwe y'ubuzima. Ivyo bishobora gutuma ingufu zigabanuka, ariko iyo uriko urakora ibikoresho vy'ubwato-bingana n'ibikoresho aho gushiramwo amabateri mu modoka, uburemere burahambaye kuruta ugushikama kw'ubushuhe.
Uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi bufatanya ububiko bwa DC n’amabarabara ya AC.Inverters za none zihindura ku mirongo irenga 20 kHz, zigahuza imfuruka z’inzira n’umuriro w’uruzitiro kugira ngo ubushobozi bube busukuye. Bi-ubushobozi bwo gukoresha inzira zibiri butuma igikoresho kimwe gishobora gukora ivyo gushaja no gukuraho, bikagabanya igiciro c'ibikoresho n'ibice 30-40% ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bitandukanye.
Porogaramu yo gucunga inguvu iratuma ubutunzi butera imbere.Amabateri aragurishwa mu masoko y’amashanyarazi, agafata ingingo y’igihe yo kuyashaja ashingiye ku bimenyetso vy’igiciro, ukuntu amashanyarazi agenda aragwira be n’ingene ikirere kizoba. Muri Texas, aho ibiciro vy’ubudandaji bihinduka biva ku bitari vyiza (mu gihe izuba rirengeje urugero) bikaja ku madolari 5.000/MWh (mu gihe umuntu asaba cane), BESS iteguwe neza-ishobora gutanga amadolari 200.000 y’amahera y’ubukemurampaka ku musi avuye mu kigo c’amashanyarazi 100 MW / 400 MWh. Porogaramu yiga uburyo-isonga ry'umugoroba wo mu ci, isonga ry'igitondo ry'urushana, isonga ry'ibisabwa mu mpera z'umusi-kandi igahindura ingamba zo gutanga amasoko bivanye n'ivyo.
Uguhinduka kuva ku migambi y’iyerekanwa gushika ku bikorwa remezo biraboneka mu makuru y’amasoko. Ishirahamwe ry’Ubushinwa ryitwa Power China ryasohoye isoko ry’ubushobozi bwo kubika 16 GWh mu 2024. Iryo soko rimwe rirenze isoko ryose ry’isi yose rya BESS ugereranije n’imyaka itanu imbere y’aho.
Igituma abakoresha amashanyarazi bahagaritse kubaza "Nimba" bagatangura kwubaka
Ikibazo co gushiramwo inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo caratumye abakoresha uruja n’uruza rw’amazi bagira urujijo rudashoboka. Izuba rishika ku rwego rwo hejuru isaha imwe y’ijoro iyo ama conditionneur ataratera imbere. Umuyaga urahuhuta cane mw’ijoro igihe inyubakwa nyinshi zicaye mu mwijima. Mu myaka mirongo, amahinguriro ya gaze kavukire "peaker" yuzuye ivyo bihengeri, ariko afata iminota 15-30 kugira ngo azunguruke kandi asohore CO2 igihe cose atanguye.
BESS yatorera umuti izo ngorane zompi icarimwe. Igihe co gusubiza gipimwa mu milisegonda-bateri ishobora kuva mu gihe co gutegerezwa gushika mu gihe co gusohoka mu gihe c'isegonda imwe, yihuta bihagije kugira ngo ifate ukunyuranya kw'incuro imbere y'uko ihinduka ubuziranenge. Uwo muvuduko utuma amabateri aba meza kuruta amageneratore asanzwe ku bikorwa vyo gutuma uruja n’uruza rudahinduka, mbere n’imbere y’uko baharura ivyuka biva mu mazi.
Ubutunzi bwahindutse cane mu 2024. Ibiciro vy’amabateri y’urugero rwa Grid-vyagabanutse biva ku madolari 1.778/kW mu Q1 2023 bishika ku madolari 1.080/kW mu Q1 2024-agabanuka 39% mu mezi cumi n’abiri. Ibiciro vyashizweho ubu biragabanya-amaturbine ya gazi y'ingendo ku gikorwa cose gisaba amasaha atarenga ane y'inguvu zidahera. Kubera ko 80% vy’uguhagarara kw’uruzitiro n’ivy’ugushavura biva mu madirisha y’amasaha abiri-, amabateri ni yo atwara ayo masoko.
Abakoresha amazi bakoresha BESS mu bikorwa bitandatu vy'intango:
Itegeko ry'incuro risaba gucapura-inyishu ya kabiri.Iyo uruganda runini rukuye amashanyarazi mu buryo butunguranye, incuro z’uruzitiro zigabanuka ziva kuri 60.00 Hz. Bateri zitanga ubushobozi mu masegonda 250, ivyo bikaba bibuza umuriro utuma umuriro uzima. Abakoresha PJM Interconnection bavuze ko amabateri yatanze 92% vy’ibikorwa vy’amategeko vyasabwe mu 2024, ugereranyije na 73% vyavuye mu mageneratore asanzwe. Ico kinogo c’ijana 19-kigereranya amamiliyoni y’amadolari mu guhagarika umuriro.
Gushavura kw’isonga bigabanya amafaranga y’ibikorwa remezo.Aho kwubaka imirongo mishasha y’amashanyarazi kugira ngo bashobore gukora amasaha atatu y’ivyo abantu bakeneye ku musi, amashirahamwe y’amazi akoresha amabateri mu bihe vy’ijoro ry’abantu benshi, akayasohora mu gihe c’ijoro ry’abantu benshi. Ivyo bituma umurongo w’ivyo umuntu asaba ugenda neza, bikaba bituma ibikorwa remezo biriho biguma bifise akamaro. Ishirahamwe ryitwa Consolidated Edison ryagereranyije ko gushiramwo amabateri vyatumye hasubirwamwo amadolari 450 miliyoni yo guhindura ubuhinga bwo gutanga amakuru mu gisagara cose ca New York.
Gukomera gusubirwamwo bihindura uruvyaro rudahinduka rukagira ububasha bwo kwizigirwa.California's Duck Curve-aho izuba risesagura uruzitiro ku mutaga hanyuma rikazimangana isaha zitandatu z'ijoro-bituma habaho ivyipfuzo vy'amashanyarazi 10.000 MW buri mugoroba. Ata kubika, iyo nzira yatumye 20+ amahinguriro ya gazi agendagenda ku musi ku musi. Kubera ubushobozi bwa 10.5 GW bw’amabateri buzoshirwaho mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2024, California ubu ikora 65% vy’amabarabara y’umugoroba biciye mu gukura amabateri, bikagabanya inzinguzingu z’uruganda rwa gazi n’ibice 40%.
Ubukemurampaka bw’inguvu bufata itandukaniro ry’ibiciro.Ibiciro vy’ubudandaji vya Texas ERCOT vyashitse kuri -$50/MWh mu majoro y’umuyaga (amageneratore ariha kugira ngo agume kuri internet) n’amadolari 4.500/MWh mu ci ku muhingamo. Bateri y’amashanyarazi 100 MW ishobora guca ku buntu mw’ijoro, igaca ifungura amasaha ane ku musi ukurikira, igatanga amadolari 1,8 miliyoni buri ndwi mu kwezi kwa munani. Amafaranga yoshobora kwinjira mu mwaka arenga amadolari 60 miliyoni ku nyubakwa itwara amadolari 80 miliyoni kugira ngo yubakwe.
Ubushobozi bwo gutangura bw’umwirabura buratanga ubwishingizi.Iyo ibihuhusi biteye ibice vy’uruzitiro, amabateri arashobora gusubira gukoresha amahinguriro y’amashanyarazi ata n’inkomoko y’amashanyarazi yo hanze. Iyi serivisi ya "black start" mu migenzo ya kera yasaba amageneratore yihariye y'amavuta ya dizeli. Ubu ubuhinga bwa bateri burakora ico gikorwa nyene mu gihe buzana amahera mu gihe c’ibikorwa bisanzwe.
Impumuro y'uguhagarara kw'amakuru itwara ububasha biciye mu nzitizi.Gushiramwo amabateri ahantu hafi y’aho umuyaga uhagaze, bituma amazu y’umuyaga ashobora gutanga umuyagankuba ku bushobozi bwose mbere n’igihe imirongo yuzuye. Bateri ibika umuriro urenze urugero, igasohoka mu nyuma iyo transmission yuguruye. Amatongo y’umuyaga yo mu Burengero bwa Texas yongeyeko 2.3 GW y’ububiko bwo mu Burengero kugira ngo ashobore gutorera umuti iyo ngorane.
Amategeko y’amasoko akubwira ibisabwa bihambaye cane. California mu mwaka w’2024, isaba ry’ububiko bw’igihe kirekire-ri rigamije 2 GW-ihagije kugira ngo rihe amashanyarazi amazu imiliyoni zibiri mu masaha ane. Koreya y’Epfo yatanze amasezerano y’amashanyarazi 540 MW / 3.240 MWh inyuma y’aho ukudatekana kw’amashanyarazi kwatumye inganda zihagarara. Izo si porogarama z’igerageza. Ni amasezerano y’ibikorwa remezo apimwa mu myaka mirongo.
Impinduka mu vy'uburaro Nta n'umwe yabivuze
Ivy’ugushiramwo amabateri mu nzu vyariyongereyeko 57% mu 2024, vyongeyeko 1.250 MW mu mirongo 380.000. Uwo mugwi w'iterambere wararengeye ivy'ubuhinga-gukoreshwa kandi ufata abahinguzi mu -uburinzi. Powerwall ya Tesla yari ifise amezi 18 yo kurindira gushika kuri Q3 2024. Insobanuro iri mu guhuza imvo zidafitaniye isano n’ugukingira ibidukikije.
Abafise amazu muri California barahura n’igihe-co-gukoresha amashanyarazi kuva ku madolari 0.10/kWh ku isaha zibiri z’ijoro gushika ku madolari 0.56/kWh ku isaha zibiri z’ijoro. Igikoresho co kubika inguvu gikoreshwa na bateri y’ama kWh 13,5 gica ijoro ryose ku madolari 1,35, kigasohoka mu masaha y’ijoro, kandi kikazigama amadolari 7,56 ku musi. Ku madolari 12.000 ashizweho, igihe co kwishura kigera ku myaka 4,3. Iyo wongeyeko agaciro k’ububasha bwo gusubiza inyuma mu bihe bitandatu canke umunani vy’ugucika kw’umuriro amazu yo muri California ubu agira buri mwaka, ubutunzi burafunga imbere y’uko uzirikana ivyiza biva ku bidukikije.
Ububiko bwo mu nzu yo muri Texas bwakurikiye uburyo butandukanye. Porogarama za ERCOT zitaziguye-ku -abaguzi zituma bene inzu bagura amashanyarazi ku bici- ro vy'isoko vy'igihe nyaco. Mu gihe c’igihuhusi c’urushana citwa Uri muri Ruhuhuma 2021, ibiciro vy’ibintu vyinshi vyaradutse bishika ku madolari 9.000/MWh mu masaha 96 akurikiranye. Abafise inzu batagira ububiko barishe amadolari 5.000-amadolari 17.000 ku misi ine y’umuyagankuba. Abafise amabateri barayishaja imbere y’uko igihuhusi gitera, bakayisohora ku nguvu zabitswe, kandi nta co bariha. Mu mwaka wa 2024, uburenganzira bwo gukoresha amabateri yo mu nzu yo muri Texas bwakubye kabiri umwaka-ku mwaka.
Ivyuma bitatu vy’amabateri ni vyo biganzwa mu gushiramwo ibintu mu nzu:
Ivyuma vy’i Litiyumu (LFP) bishira imbere umutekano n’ubuzima buramba.Izo bateri zishobora kwihanganira ubushuhe bwo mu garaje yo mu ci yo muri Texas burenze degre 110 F ata ngorane yo guhunga ubushuhe. Ubuzima bw’ingendo bushika ku 6.000 z’ingendo zo gushaja-gusohora imbere y’uko ubushobozi bugabanuka munsi ya 80%-bihindura imyaka 15-20 yo gukoresha ku musi. LFP yari 73% vy’imirongo y’uburaro yashizweho mu 2024.
Nikele Mangane Kobalte (NMC) itanga uburemere bwinshi bw’inguvu.Uronka 15 kWh z’ububiko mu kirenge kimwe c’umubiri LFP itanga 13,5 kWh. Ibi birahambaye mu kibanza-ibishirwaho bibujijwe. Ivyo bishobora gutuma habaho ugusenyuka vyihuta-5.000 cycles ugereranije na 6.000-n’ibisabwa vy’ubushuhe bikomeye cane. NMC yari ifise 21% vy’isoko ry’amazu yo kubamwo mu 2024, ahanini mu bihugu vy’ikirere gishushe.
Litiyumu Titanate (LTO) igenewe gukoresha cane mu gutwara amagare.Izo bateri zishaja mu minota 30 kandi zishobora kwihanganira inzinguzingu 10,000+, ariko zigura 40% kuruta LFP. Ubutunzi bukora gusa ku mazu afise ibisabwa vyo gutwara amagare ku musi-mu bisanzwe afatanijwe n’ibikoresho vy’izuba bitanga 150%+ vy’ivyo akoresha ku musi. LTO yafashe gusa 6% vy'umugabane w'isoko ariko irakura cane, itera imbere 89% umwaka-ku -umwaka.
Ihinduka nyaryo ryabaye mu bijanye n’amahera. Ubu umusoro w’ishoramari wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika utanga 30% vy’amahera y’amabateri iyo afatanijwe n’izuba. Intara nyinshi zitanga ibindi bihembo-Porogarama ya SGIP ya California iriha amadolari 200-350/kWh. Igihugu ca Massachusetts gitanga amadolari 400/kWh. Porogarama z’inguzanyo zikwiragiza ibiciro mu myaka 15-20 ku nyungu ya 4-5%. Uburyo bw’amabateri bw’amadolari 15.000 inyuma y’inkurikizi butwara bene inzu amadolari 127/ukwezi, mu gihe bazigama amadolari 175/ukwezi ku mafaranga y’umuyagankuba. Uronka inyungu y’amadolari 48 ku kwezi kuva ku musi wa mbere.
Porogarama z’uruganda rw’amashanyarazi (VPP) zongeyeko amahera benshi mu baguzi batigeze bitega. Amashirahamwe y’amazi ariha bene inzu amadolari 200-$500 ku mwaka kugira ngo rimwe na rimwe bashire amabateri mu gihe c’imibabaro myinshi y’amashanyarazi. VPP ya Tesla yatanze 100 MW kuri PG&E mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga 2024-bingana n’uruganda rutoyi rw’amashanyarazi, rwakoranijwe ruvuye mu bikoresho 25.000 vya Powerwall. Abafise inzu baronka amadolari 350 ku masaha abiri y’umuyagankuba batariko barakoresha uko biri kwose.
Isoko ry'ububiko bw'amazu ryerekana urugero rumwe rw'ubuhinga-rubura: kwibanda ku karere. Californie, Massachusetts na New York ni vyo bifise 87% vy’ivyo bikoresho bishirwaho. Ukwo kwibanda ku vyerekana politike n’ibiciro vy’amashanyarazi, atari imipaka y’ubuhinga. Uko intara nyinshi zifata umwanya-w'ibiciro vy'ikoreshwa ry'ibipimo no guhura n'ingorane zo kwizigirwa, isoko ry'ibintu rishobora gutorwa riragwira. Ivyiyumviro vy’ubu bivuga ko ubushobozi bwo kubika amazi mu nzu buzoshika kuri 8-12 GW mu mwaka w’2030, ariko ivyo vyiyumviro vyanditswe imbere y’uko 2024 izokwiyongera 57%.
Gukurikira Amahera: Aho Ishoramari ry’Ubuhinga bwo Kubika Amabateri ryashitse
Kuva mu mwaka w’2021, ishoramari ry’ubuhinga bwo kubika inguvu zishingiye kuri bateri ryashitse ku madolari 150 miliyaridi, rituma habaho akazi k’ubuhinga 100.000 mu bihugu 42 vya Amerika. Uwo murwa mukuru ntiwasandaye mu buryo butari bwo. Yari yibanze ku bibanza vyihariye vy’ugutanga ibikoresho aho politike ya Leta ihuye n’amahirwe y’isoko.
Uguhingura utugingo ngengabuzima ni vyo vyatwaye umugabane munini kuruta ibindi vyose.USA yateguye 1.100 GWh z’ubushobozi bwo gukora amaselile ku mwaka-buhagije ku miriyoni 11-17 z’ama EV canke 275 GWh z’ububiko bw’amashanyarazi. Ivyo gushiramwo amafaranga bikomeye birimwo:
Ico kigo ca SK Innovation gifise amadolari 5,1 miliyaridi muri Georgia gitanga 21 GWh ku mwaka
Igikoresho ca LG Energy Solution gifise amadolari 2,3 miliyaridi muri Arizona gifise ubushobozi bwa 11 GWh
Uruganda rwa Panasonic rwo muri Kansas rufise amadolari miliyari 4 rufise intumbero yo gutanga 30 GWh mu 2025
Uruganda rwa CATL rwo muri Michigan rufise amadolari 7.6 miliyaridi Q4 2024
Ivyo bibanza ntivyakurikiranye ivyipfuzo vya EV gusa. Ububiko bw’uruzitiro buratanga uburyo bwo gukora busa n’ubwo n’ibisabwa vyoroshe vyo gucunga ubushuhe. Ivyuma vya LFP vyo kubika ibintu ku rugero rw’ubuhinga-bikoresha ibikoresho bisa n’ivy’amabateri y’amashanyarazi, bikaba vyemerera abahinguzi guhindura ubushobozi bishingiye ku bimenyetso vy’ivyo basaba.
Gutunganya litiyumu vyatumye habaho inganda nshasha zo mu gihugu.Amerika yasohoye 1% y’ivyuma vy’amabateri-grade litium kw’isi yose mu 2020. Mu 2024, amahinguriro mashasha yatumye ivyo bishika kuri 8%, afise intumbero yo gushika ku 25% mu 2030. Ihinguriro rya Albemarle ry’amadolari 1.3 miliyaridi ryo muri Nevada rikora amatoni 30.000 ku mwaka. Ico kinogo ca Lithium Americas ca Thacker Pass kizokwongerako amatoni 40.000 guhera mu 2027. Ivyo bikorwa vyishura ku ngurane za DOE zitanga 70% vy’amahera y’ubwubatsi-kugabanya ingorane zituma imigambi y’imyaka 15 ishobora guterwa inkunga.
Ikoraniro ry'ibice n'ubufatanye vyihuta cane.Amashirahamwe arenga 200 ubu arahingura kandi yubaka ubuhinga bwa BESS, avuye kuri 40 mu 2020. Benshi muri bo bashiramwo utugingo ngengabuzima twakozwe n’Abashinwa-mu bigo, inverters, n’uburyo bwo kugenzura vyakozwe n’Abanyamerika-. Iyi nzira y'ubuhinga bushasha ifata 60% vy'agaciro ka sisitemu mu gihugu mu gihe twemera ko tutazohura n'urugero rw'ubuhinga bwo gukora utugingo ngengabuzima tw'Ubushinwa hafi -igihe.
Ugukwiragizwa kw’ibibanza birerekana ubutunzi bwa politike kuruta ubuhinga bwo gutahura ibintu. Texas irongoye n’ubushobozi bwa 4.8 GW bushizweho n’inzego z’amabateri z’urugero rwa zero, zitwawe gusa n’umugambi w’isoko rya ERCOT utuma abakoresha amabateri bashobora gufata uguhinduka kw’igiciro c’ibintu vyinshi. California yategetse ko 3 GW z’ububiko bw’igihe kirekire-biciye mu mategeko, bikaba vyemeza ko amafaranga yinjira yakwegeranya umutungo w’abikorera ku giti cabo. New Mexico yatanze amafaranga y’imisoro ashobora gutanga 15% vy’amahera y’umugambi, kuva kuri zero gushika kuri 450 MW zashizweho mu mezi 18.
Ivyitegererezo bitatu vy'ubucuruzi biganzwa n'imigambi y'urugero rw'ubuhinga-:
Ubutunzi bw'ibikoresho bushira amabateri ku giciro gitegekanijwe.Amashirahamwe y’ubuhinga bwa kera ashiramwo amadolari 250 miliyoni mu kigo gifise ubushobozi bwa 200 MW, akaronka inyungu 8-10% mu myaka 20, kandi akarungika ibiciro ku bariha amakori. Iyi nzira iraganza aho abajejwe ivy’ubutegetsi bwa Leta bemeza ububiko mu bibazo vy’ibiciro-ahanini mu Bumanuko bushira Ubuseruko no mu Burengero Bushira Uburengero. Amashirahamwe y’amazi yashizeho 5.2 GW munsi y’iyi nzira mu 2024.
Ubutunzi bw'uwundi muntu ugira gatatu biciye mu masezerano yo kugura ububasha bujana ingorane.Abahinguzi bigenga bubaka ibikorwa, bagurisha ubushobozi n’inguvu ku bigo vy’ubuhinga biciye mu masezerano y’imyaka 15-20. Abaterambere bafata amafaranga y’imisoro n’inyungu z’ugusenyuka kw’agaciro amashirahamwe agengwa n’amazi adashobora gutanga amahera yose. Iyi nzira yarongoye muri Texas na California, yongerako 4.8 GW mu 2024.
Ivyo abacuruzi bashizeho bagurisha mu masoko y'ingero ata masezerano.Abakoresha bemera ingorane z’igiciro cose mu guhindura ivyiza igihe ivy’ishimikiro vy’isoko bikunda ububiko. Texas yari ifise 2.1 GW y’ububiko bw’abacuruzi bukora mu 2024, bukaba bwari bufise inyungu iri hagati ya 12-18% mu myaka myiza. Imigambi myinshi yaratakaje amahera mu bihe vy’ibihe vyiza igihe ibiciro vyakwiragira.
Ico ciyumviro c’ishoramari gishingiye ku ciyumviro kimwe: ugukenera amashanyarazi kuzokwiyongera. Ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi rya Amerika ryiyongereyeko 3,8% mu 2024-igitero kinini kuruta ibindi vyose mu myaka 15-biterwa n’ibibanza vy’amakuru, gusubira gukora ibikoresho, n’amapompo y’ubushuhe. Ukwo kwiyongera kw’abasaba gutuma isaha yose y’ububiko bw’amabateri igira agaciro kanini kubera ko itandukaniro hagati y’umuzigo w’ishimikiro n’igiciro c’isonga rigenda ryaguka. Iyo iterambere ry’abasaba rikomeje ku 3%+ ku mwaka, ishoramari ry’ubu ry’amabateri rizosa n’iry’agaciro gatoyi imyaka itanu.
Igitabo c'umutekano c'ububiko bw'inguvu za bateri ntibashaka kuganirako
Ivyago cumi na bitanu vy’ukunanirwa kwa BESS vyabaye mu 2023-bivuye kuri 28 muri Koreya y’Epfo mu mwaka w’2017-2019, naho ubushobozi bwo kw’isi yose bwakuze 800% muri ico kiringo nyene. Igitigiri c’abashobora gusenyuka kw’isaha ya gigawatt caragabanutse kiva kuri 1 muri 5 kija kuri 1 muri 80. Yamara rero, umuriro utatu w’agaciro kanini wo mu 2024-2025 waratumye ibinyamakuru bivuga vyinshi kuruta imyaka cumi iheze yose hamwe.
Umuriro w’ububiko bw’inguvu bwa Gateway i San Diego ku wa 15 Rusama 2024, waraturitse imisi indwi ku bice 15.000 vy’amabateri. Moss Landing muri California yarashikiwe n’umuriro muri Nzero 2024 no muri Mukakaro 2025. Ico kintu cabaye muri Mukakaro carakuye abantu 1.200 mu kiringo c’amasaha 24. Ivyo bintu ntibigira akamaro kubera ko bihakana umutekano wa bateri, ahubwo ni kubera ko bihishura ibiba iyo ubushuhe buhunga mu bibanza bibika amasaha ya gigawatt-.
Uburyo bwo kunanirwa bw’ubuhinga bushingiye ku guhunga kw’ubushuhe.Iyo urugingo rwa litiyumu-iyoni rushushe cane rukarenga degre 150 , imigenderanire y’imiti yo mu mutima irahinduka -ishobora kwitunga. Ico kigo kirashushanya ababanyi baco, kigatuma haba amazi atera. Mu gikoresho ca bateri kirimwo utugingo ngengabuzima 200, ikintu kimwe co gusenyuka gishobora gukwiragira mu tugingo ngengabuzima twose mu minota 15, kigatuma ubushuhe burenga degre 800 .
Ingamba za none zo gukingira zifise uburinzi bwinshi. Icemezo ca UL 9540A gisaba igerageza ry’ukwiragira kw’ubushuhe-abahinguzi baraturira urugingo rumwe bagapima nimba umuriro ukwiragira kure y’igice. Sisitemu zica UL 9540A zirimwo umuriro mu bice bimwe bimwe, bikabuza gusenyuka kw'ibikorwa-vyose. Mu mwaka w’2024, icemezo ca UL 9540A carabaye itegeko kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kwishingira, ivyo bikaba vyatumye abahinguzi basubira guhingura uburyo bwo gutuma umwuka ugera mu nzu, uburyo bwo gutandukanya ibintu be n’uburyo bwo guhagarika umwuka.
Guzimya umuriro vyavuye ku mazi-bishingiye ku nzira nyinshi-.Amazi y’intango yerekanye ko ataco amaze-umuriro wa litiyumu-iyoni ushobora gusubira kwaka amasaha 72 inyuma y’aho usa n’uwuzimye kubera ko ubuhinga bwo mu ngingo buguma bushushe bihagije kugira ngo busubire gutangura gukora. Ivyiza bikoreshwa ubu bikoresha:
Ivyo guhagarika umwuka w'ikirere vyashizweho mu masegonda 30 inyuma yo kumenya ubushuhe buhunga
Ugusesagura gazi idakora (kenshi CO2 canke azote) kugira ngo ukureho umwuka w’ikirere
Gukomeza gukonjesha amazi amasaha 48-96 kugira ngo ubushuhe bw'ibikoresho bugabanuke munsi ya degre 50
Gukomeza gukurikirana ubushuhe imisi indwi inyuma y'ivyabaye
Umuriro wa Moss Landing wo muri Mukakaro 2025 werekanye ko izo nzira zikora nk’uko zari zateguwe. Umuriro wari ushitse ku nyubakwa imwe ku munani zari aho hantu. Nta n’umwe yishwe. Ico kibanza carasubiye mu bikorwa mu ndwi zitatu. Ivyo guhunga abantu 1.200-vyabaye kubera kwiyubara cane, atari kubera ko umuyagankuba w’ubumara washitse ku rugero ruteye akaga. Abagenzuzi b’uburyo bw’ikirere basanze hydrogène fluoride iri ku bice 0.8-ku -miliyoni-munsi y’urugero rwa OSHA rwo gukoreshwa 3 ppm, ariko bihagije kugira ngo bivyure amategeko y’ivyihutirwa.
Impamvu z’ukunanirwa zica mu mice itatu ishingiye ku matohoza y’ivyabaye:
Inenge zo gushiramwo zatumye 43% vy'ibibazo bishikank’uko bivugwa n’Ikigo c’Ivyabaye mu Kunanirwa ca BESS. Amahuzu make y’umuyagankuba aratuma habaho ubudahangarwa, bigatuma haba ubushuhe bwirundanira mu ndwi zitari nke. Intsinga za bisi zidakora neza, imirongo y'imirongo idakomeye, n'ugushira hasi kudakwiriye ni vyo vyatumye habaho ukunanirwa kwinshi mu bijanye no gushiramwo-. Umuti wari ushimikiye ku gukomeza ingingo ngenderwako zo gukoresha-abagenzuzi bigenga ubu barasuzuma ko ubufatanye bwose buhuye n’ivyo abahinguzi bavuga imbere y’uko bakoresha inguvu.
Ugusenyuka kw’uburyo bwo kugenzura ni kwo kwatumye 32% vy’ibintu bishika.Ibikoko vyo muri porogarama vyatuma amabateri ashobora gushaja cane birenze urugero rw’umuriro, canke akavamwo umuriro mwinshi cane, bikaba bitera umubabaro utugingo ngengabuzima birenze inzinguzingu zategekanijwe. Balance-of-ibikoresho vya sisitemu rimwe na rimwe vyananirwa guhuza neza ugushaja mu bice vyose, bituma habaho utugingo ngengabuzima twashaje cane twananiwe mbere. Ivugurura rya porogaramu n'ibindi vyiza mu gucunga amabateri vyatorera umuti ibibazo vyinshi muri 2023.
Inenge zo mu guhingura utugingo ngengabuzima zari 11% vy’ibintu vyabaye.Igenzura ry’uburyo mu guhingura ibintu vyinshi-rimwe na rimwe ribura ukudatungana kw’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi canke uguhumana kw’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi bitaboneka mu bipimo vy’uruganda ariko bikagaragara inyuma y’amezi 6-18 y’ugukora amagare mu murima. Ihinduka ry’ubuhinga bwa LFP ryagabanyije ubu buryo bwo kunanirwa-LFP yihanganira ukuntu ibintu bihinduka kuruta NMC.
Ibindi 14% vyari bishingiye ku bintu vyabaye hanze: imiravyo, ugutombora kw’ibikoresho, ugusenyuka kw’uburyo bwo gukonjesha mu gihe c’imipfunda y’ubushuhe.
Amasoko y’ubwishingizi avuga inkuru nyakuri y’umutekano. Mu mwaka w’2019, ubwishingizi bw’ububiko bw’inguvu bushingiye kuri bateri bwatwaye amadolari 75.000-150.000 kuri MW ku mwaka n’ibipimo vy’ubwishingizi vyari amadolari 50 miliyoni. Mu mwaka w’2024, amafaranga y’impongano yaragabanutse ashika ku madolari 25.000-40.000 kuri MW n’ubufasha bushika ku madolari 300 miliyoni. Ababikira ntibagabanya ibiciro kandi ngo bongerako ivyerekeye imitungo babona ko ishobora gutera ingorane. Igabanuka ry’amahera y’imbere ryerekana amakuru yerekana ubumenyi nyakuri bw’ugutakaza bugenda 60% munsi y’ivyo vyari vyaravuzwe mu ntango.
Amategeko y’abatanga inyishu za mbere yarateye imbere cane. Mu mwaka w’2019, abajejwe umuriro bafashe umuriro wa BESS nk’ibigo vy’imiti-bakura ahantu hanini, bakawureka uturika bariko barawubona. Ivyiyumviro vy’ubu vya NFPA 855 biratanga uburyo bwihariye bwo gutanga inyishu. Abazimya umuriro baramenyerezwa ku bibanza vya BESS vy’ibinyoma, bagatahura ko ubushuhe bushobora gusha mu masaha 3-4 iyo bushizwemwo neza. Guhindura "guhunga no kwihweza" gushika ku "gufata no kugenzura" bigabanya ingaruka ku kibano mu gihe birinda ibikorwa bifise agaciro k'amamiliyoni amajana.
Ikarata y'imyaka itanu-Nta n'umwe ashaka kuyisohora
Inyuma y’inzugi zifunze, abakoresha uruzitiro baragereranya ibintu aho ububiko bwa bateri bushobora gukora 20-30% vy’ubushobozi bwose bw’uruzitiro gushika mu 2030. Ivyo bigereranyo bivana n’imirongo itatu y’ubuhinga ikomeza inzira zayo za vuba. Iyo hari umurongo wose ugoramye, ikarita y’inzira iraronka iyindi myaka cumi.
Curve One ikurikirana iterambere ry’uburemere bw’inguvu.Ubu utugingo ngengabuzima twa LFP dutanga 160 Wh/kg. Ivyitegererezo vyo mu laboratwari bishika kuri 220 Wh/kg, bikaba vyerekana ko 35% vy’ugutera imbere kw’uburemere bw’ibintu bishobora gushikwako mu buryo bw’ubuhinga. Ubwinshi bw’abantu bisigura ibibanza bitobito, vyoroshe bifata ahantu hato-bihambaye cane ku bijanye n’ugushirwa mu bisagara aho ubutaka bugura amadolari 20-amadolari 50 ku mfuruka imwe. Bateri za sodium-ion ku 150 Wh/kg zishobora guhungabanya iyo karata y’inzira iyo ubuhinga bwo gukora bugenda bwihuta kuruta uburemere bwa LFP butera imbere.
Igipfukisho ca kabiri gikurikira ugusenyuka kw’ubuzima bw’ingendo.Bateri za LFP z’ubu zitakaza ubushobozi bwazo 20% inyuma y’imirongo 6.000-imyaka nka 15 zishaja ku musi. Kwagura ivyo gushika ku nzinguzingu 10.000 (imyaka 25) vyogabanya igice c’igiciro co kubika ibintu. Abahinguzi b’amabateri bavuga ko utugingo ngengabuzima two muri laboratwari turenga 15.000 mu gukora mu madirisha y’umuriro make-gushaja ku 90% aho gushaja ku 100%, gushaja ku 15% aho gushaja 0%. Ivyo bishobora gutuma ubushobozi bwo gukoresha bugabanuka, ariko ubutunzi burakunda ubuzima buramba kuruta ubushobozi mu bikorwa vyinshi.
Igihome Ingero zitatu za mbere-ugugabanya ibiciro.Ibiciro vy’amabateri vyashitse ku madolari 139/kWh mu 2024, bikaba vyagabanutse biva ku madolari 1.200/kWh mu 2010. Ivyiyumviro vy’inganda bivuga ko bizoshika amadolari 100/kWh mu 2026, ariko ivyo bivana n’ibiciro vya litiyumu na cobalt bizoguma bimeze neza. Iyo kimwe muri ivyo bicuruzwa kizoduga-nk’uko cobalt yabigize mu 2022-ibiciro vyoshobora gushika ku madolari 120-130/kWh mu myaka myinshi.
Ivyuma vy'ubuhinga bwa none bishobora kwihutisha canke gukuraho ikarita y'inzira:
Bateri zikomeye - zisezerana 400+ Wh/kgata ngorane yo gusha. Toyota yatangaje imigambi y’amabateri y’amashanyarazi akomeye-state EV mu mwaka w’2027. Iyo ashoboye kandi ubuhinga bukaba bwimukiye mu bubiko buhagaze, iraheza iraheza amabateri ya LFP ariho ubu imbere y’uko ahera imyaka 15-y’ubuzima. Ivyo bishobora kuba: solid-state iguma 2-3x izimvye kuruta LFP, bikaba bigabanya kwemerwa ku bikorwa aho umutekano ushobora gutuma igiciro c’imbere gishirwaho.
Bateri zigenda zitemba igihe kirenze amasaha ane.Bateri z’umuyagankuba zitandukanya ubushobozi bw’inguvu (zibitswe mu bidengeri) n’ubushobozi bw’inguvu (utugingo ngengabuzima tw’umuyagankuba), zigatuma umuntu ashobora gupima yigenga. Ukora ubuhinga bwa 10 MW, hanyuma ukongerako ibidengeri vy’amasaha 4, 8, canke 12 yo kubika ku madolari nka 180/kWh-ahendutse kuruta litiyumu-ion hejuru y’amasaha atandatu. Bateri z’amazi zafashe ibice bitari munsi ya 2% vy’ibikorwa vyashizweho mu 2024 ariko zaronse 15% vy’imigambi yatangajwe igamije kurangira mu 2026-2028. Ikibazo ni nimba abahinguzi b’amabateri y’amazi bashobora gutera imbere vyihuta kuruta uko ibiciro vya litiyumu-ion bigabanuka.
Amabateri y'ubuzima bwa kabiri-atuma haba isoko ry'igitutu.Iyo amabateri ya EV ashitse munsi ya 80% y’ubushobozi, ntashobora gukoreshwa mu modoka ariko arabereye neza ku kubika ibintu bihagaze. Ishirahamwe rya Nissan ryitwa 4R Energy rikorakoranya amabateri ya Leaf, rikasubira kuyapakira mu bice vy’ama kWh 50, rikayagurisha ku madolari 3.000-amadolari 4.000 ku gice-amadolari 60-80/kWh ugereranije n’amadolari 139/kWh ku bice bishasha. Iyo amabateri y’amashanyarazi agera ku miliyoni 2 ashitse ku rwego rwo gukoreshwa mu buzima bwa kabiri buri mwaka mu 2027 (bishoboka bitewe n’ugucuruzwa kw’amashanyarazi mu mwaka wa 2021-2023), yoshobora gutanga ubushobozi bwo kubika 60-100 GWh ku gice c’igiciro c’ibikorwa bishasha. Ivyo vyotuma isoko rishasha ry’amabateri rihungabana canke bikaba bishobora gutuma habaho ibikorwa bitagira ubutunzi ku bici- ro vy’ubu.
Inzira z'amategeko zizogena umuvuduko wo gushirwaho:
Itegeko rya California risaba 2 GW z’ububiko bw’igihe kirekire-mu 2026 ryahatije amashirahamwe y’amazi gukora imbere y’uko ubuhinga bukura. Ayandi ma leta yarabonye California ifata ingorane z'aba mbere-bagenda. Iyo California ishobora-gutera 90%+ y’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo ata bibazo vy’ukwizigirwa-mwitege ko intara 15-20 zizokwigana imiterere y’amategeko gushika mu 2028. Iyo California ishobora gushikirwa n’ugucika kw’amashanyarazi naho hariho amabateri menshi akoreshwa, infashanyo ya politike y’ububiko bw’inguvu iragabanywa.
Inguzanyo z’imisoro za Leta ubu zifata 30% vy’ibiciro vy’amabateri gushika mu 2032, zigaca zigabanuka zija kuri 26% mu 2033, 22% mu 2034, zigahera mu 2035. amapfa gushika ubutunzi bushingira intahe imigambi ata infashanyo. Gusaba inganda kwongera inguzanyo ziheze 2035 birakomera guhera 2027.
Imirongo y'uguhuza amakuru irimwo 960 GW y'imigambi yo kubika amabateri irondera kwemererwa-ihagije kugira ngo ishobore guha ubushobozi Amerika yose mu masaha 2-3. Ariko kwemererwa gukorana bifata imyaka 3-5, kandi 65% vy'imigambi iri ku murongo ntiyigera irangira. Iyo ivugurura ryihuta kwemeza gushika ku mezi 18-24, ugurungika bishobora gukubita kabiri igihe categekanijwe. Iyo ivugurura rihagaze-canke inyigisho zikomeye z’ingaruka z’uruja n’uruza zigabanya kwemererwa-umurongo urasubira inyuma, ugatuma imigambi iteba gushika hagati mu myaka ya 2030.
Ibibazo bikunze kwibazwa
Ivyo bikoresho vyo kubika inguvu bishingiye kuri bateri bimara igihe kingana iki?
Bateri za LFP zifise ubushobozi bwa Grid-zigumya ubushobozi bwa 80% inyuma y’ingendo 6.000-8.000 zo gushaja{8}}gusohoka, bikaba bihinduka imyaka 15-20 iyo zikoreshwa buri musi canke imyaka 25-30 mu bikorwa bidakoreshwa cane. Uburyo bwo kubamwo busanzwe bufise garanti y'imyaka 10 ariko busanzwe bukora imyaka 15+. Uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri buragira ingaruka nyinshi ku nsoro zigumya ubuzima buramba hagati ya 10-90% y’umuriro aho 0-100% zishobora kwongereza ubuzima 40%.
BESS yoba ishobora guha amashanyarazi igisagara cose mu gihe c’umuriro?
Oya, ariko iyo si yo ntumbero yabo. Bateri nyinshi z'urugero rw'ubuhinga-zitanga amasaha 2-4 yo kubika, zigenewe gukuraho ibihengeri vy'igihe gito-aho gusubirira amashanyarazi y'imisi myinshi-. Igikoresho c’amabateri c’amashanyarazi 1.000 MW gishobora guha amashanyarazi amazu 800.000 mu masaha ane-ahagije kugira ngo gishobore gukorana n’abasaba benshi ku mugoroba canke gupfuka igihe gushika amageneratore y’inyuma atanguye. Ububiko bw’igihe kirekire (amasaha 8-24) buraguma buzimvye, bugabanura amabateri ku bikorwa aho igihe co kwishura vyihuta gishobora gutuma umuntu atanga amahera menshi.
None amabateri aba iyo afashe umuriro aba gute?
Uburyo bwa none burashira mu ngiro ingamba zo gukingira umuriro gukwiragira kure y'ibice bimwebimwe. UL 9540A yemejwe n’ubuhinga bwo gutandukanya ubushuhe buva ku bice vy’amabateri imwe, mu bisanzwe bugira ingaruka ku 2-3 MWh mu gihe 50-200 MWh zikikuje ziguma zikora. Ivyo bikoresho vyikoresha mu guhagarika umuriro birakora mu masegonda 30, bikaba bikoresha ibintu bitera umuyaga n’imiyaga idakora. Ibiro vy’umuriro birakurikirana aho kurwana n’umwete, kuko umuriro w’ivyuma vyitwa litium-ion wizimya mu masaha 3-4 iyo amavuta (electrolyte ya bateri) amaze guhera.
Ni kuki utokoresha ubundi buhinga bwo kubika ibintu aho gukoresha amabateri?
Ubutunzi n’ukwihuta kwishura. Ububiko bw’amazi bukoreshwa n’ipompa bugura amadolari 50-amadolari 150/kWh ugereranije n’amadolari 150-amadolari 200/kWh ku mabateri, ariko bisaba ahantu kanaka (ibidengeri vyo mu misozi) bitaboneka mu bihugu bigororotse. Umuyaga ufunze ukeneye amasenga yo munsi y’ubutaka. Ivyuma biguruka bikora amasegonda, si amasaha. Bateri zigenda zigenda zifise insiguro hejuru y’amasaha 8 ariko zigura amahera menshi kuruta litiyumu-ion munsi y’ico kigero. Buri tekinoloji yuzuza ikibanza-amabateri aganza amasaha 1-4 y’ibikorwa kuko yishura mu milisegonda kandi agashirwa aho hose.
None amabateri yoba vy’ukuri agabanya ivyuka bihumanya ikirere?
Igihe umuntu akuraho ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwa gazi, amabateri yes-akuraho amatoni nka 0,4 ya CO2 ku MWh ivuye kuri gazi ikaja ku bikoresho bishobora gusubirwamwo. Igikoresho gikoresha ubushobozi bwa 100 MW / 400 MWh gikoreshwa n’amagare ku musi kibuza amatoni nka 50.000 y’umuyagankuba ku mwaka. Ariko rero, gukora amabateri bitwara ikirenge kinini c’umuyagankuba-nk’ibiro 50-100 vy’umuyagankuba ku kWh. Igikoresho co gushiramwo ivyuma gifata imyaka 1-2 kugira ngo kive mbere n’ibidukikije biva mu bikorwa. Inyuma y’ivyo, ukuzigama ivyuka bihumanya ikirere biranyaruka. Mu myaka 15 y’ubuzima, ugugabanya umuyagankuba bishika kuri toni 700,000+ ku kigo gisanzwe c’amashanyarazi 100 MW.
Noshobora gushiramwo bateri ata bikoresho vy’izuba?
Ego cane, naho ubutunzi butandukanye bivanye n’aho umuntu ari. Muri California, igihe-c'-ibiciro vy'ikoreshwa bituma amabateri agira inyungu ata izuba{3}}rishaja ku madolari 0.10/kWh mw'ijoro, gushaja ku madolari 0.50/kWh mu masaha y'ijoro bituma umuntu azigama amadolari 150-$200 ku kwezi. Ibindi bihugu vyinshi ntibigira itandukaniro ry’ibiciro bihagije kugira ngo bishobore gushingira intahe amabateri gusa. Ariko rero, agaciro k’amashanyarazi y’inyuma mu gihe c’uguzima kw’amashanyarazi kararushiriza gutuma hakoreshwa amabateri gusa muri Texas, aho ibihuhusi vyo mu rushana n’imipfunda y’ubushuhe bwo mu ci bituma haba uguzima kw’amashanyarazi 6-10 ku mwaka.
None ubuhinga bwo kubika inguvu bushingiye kuri bateri bugura angahe?
Urugero rw’ubuhinga-: $250-$400 ku kWh ishizweho, canke nk’amadolari 100 miliyoni ku kigo c’amashanyarazi 100 MW / 400 MWh. Uburyo bw’ubudandaji: amadolari 400-600 ku kWh. Ivy’ugushiramwo amazu: $800-$1.200 ku kWh inyuma y’inkurikizi. Igikoresho c’amashanyarazi ca Tesla gifise ubushobozi bwa 13,5 kWh kigura amadolari 11.000-13.000 iyo gishizwemwo. Ivyiyumviro vy’imisoro vya Leta bifata 30% iyo bifatanijwe n’izuba. Ibiciro vyagabanutse 35-40% hagati ya 2022 na 2024 uko ubuhinga bwagenda burakura kandi n’uguhiganwa kw’Abashinwa kwagenda gukomera.
Ni igiki kibuza amabateri gushaja cane no guturika?
Uburyo bwinshi busubira inyuma. Ico gikoresho gicungera amabateri kiragenzura umuriro w’igice cose c’umubiri incuro 1.000 ku segonda, kigaca kigabanya umuriro w’ugushaja iyo igice cose cegereje umuriro wo hejuru. Abakora amakontakti baraca amabateri mu buryo bw’umubiri iyo bamenye ko hari umuriro urengeje urugero. Utugingo ngengabuzima tumwetumwe dufise utuzu tw’imbere two gukuraho umukazo tufunguka imbere y’uko tumenagurika bikomeye. Ivyuma vya LFP vya none vyihanganira gushaja cane kurusha utugingo ngengabuzima twa kera twa NMC-birashuha ariko ntibikunda gufata umuriro. Ivyuma vyo mu nzu bica mu masaha 36-48 y’ikigeragezo c’ugukoresha nabi (gukoresha nabi, gusohora birenze urugero, gutobora, ubushuhe bukaze) imbere y’uko bihabwa icemezo ca UL.
Ingorane y'ibikorwa remezo nta n'umwe arayitorera umuti
Hagati y’aha n’uruzitiro rukoreshwa n’ububiko bwa bateri 30% hari ingorane idasanzwe: turiko turabura ubushobozi bwo gukorana. Umurongo w’imigambi y’ububiko bw’inguvu bushingiye kuri bateri irondera gufatanya n’uruzitiro rwashitse kuri 2.600 GW mu 2024-ubushobozi bwo gutanga inguvu bwose bwa Amerika burenga incuro zibiri. Imigambi y’amabateri yonyene iserukira 960 GW z’uwo murongo, kandi ubu uburyo bwo kwemeza bufata imyaka 3-5.
Ico gitera ingorane si ubuhinga. Ni uko inyigisho z'ugutanga amakuru zifata ko imigambi ya bateri ikuramwo ubushobozi mu gihe c'ibisabwa vyinshi (ikintu kibi cane), naho iyo migambi mu vy'ukuri ikoresha mu masaha y'ijoro. Isesengura ry’ingaruka z’uruzitiro rikora inyigisho zizimvye zifata amabateri nk’ibindi bisabwa aho gufata ibikoresho bishobora guhinduka bituma uruzitiro rukora neza. Igikorwa kijanye n’uguhuza bateri y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi 200 MW gisaba inyigisho y’ugutanga amakuru y’amadolari 2-5 miliyoni nk’itongo ry’amashanyarazi ry’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi 200 MW, naho nyene iyo bateri ifasha aho gutera umubabaro uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru bwo mu karere.
Ivyiyumviro vy’ivugurura biragendagenda. Itegeko rya FERC 2023 rigerageza gutuma ibikorwa bigenda neza biciye mu nyigisho z’amatsinda zisuzuma imigambi myinshi hamwe aho gukurikirana. ISO nyinshi zagerageje kwemeza vyihuta-imigambi y'amabateri-gusa iri munsi ya 100 MW. Texas iremera ko amabateri ashobora gufatanya mu mezi 18 iyo ahuriye n'ibibanza vy'ubuhinga biriho-bisigura igituma Texas ari yo irongoye mu gukoresha amabateri naho itanga insiguro y'inzego za leta.
Iyo ivugurura ry'uguhuza ry'ibintu ryiza, gukoresha amabateri vyoshobora kwihutisha ivyitegererezo vya kera n'ibice 30-50%. Ukwo kwihutisha kwotumye habaho ingorane nshasha mu bijanye n’ugutanga amabateri, mu kuronka abakozi b’amashanyarazi be no mu bijanye n’ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu. Ubuhinga burasanzwe bufise igihe co gukoresha ibikoresho bihindura amashanyarazi kizoshika ku mezi 18-24 mu 2024, kivuye ku mezi 6-8 mu 2022.
Ico kibazo co guhingura kigaragaza ko hariho uguhagarika umutima gukomeye kuruta. Amerika ikora ibice bitari munsi ya 5% vy’amabateri kw’isi yose ariko ifise intumbero yo gukoresha 40% vy’ububiko bw’amabateri kw’isi yose mu 2030. Ivyo biharuro bisaba canke kwagura cane ibikorwa vyo mu gihugu (bitera ingorane imiterere y’ibiciro vy’Ubushinwa) canke kwemera gukomeza kwizigira ibiva hanze (bidakundwa mu vya politike). Itegeko ry'ubu rigerageza gucapura itandukaniro-gushiramwo amaseli mu gihe ibindi vyose bikoreshwa mu gihugu-ariko iyo nzira yo gusenyera ku mugozi umwe ikora gusa iyo ibiciro vy'amaseli bibandanya kugwa 10-15% ku mwaka. Iyo abahinguzi b’Abashinwa bagabanyije ivyo bohereza hanze canke bagagabanya ibiciro, iyo ngabire yose isaba ko basubira kwiyumvira.
Ivyiza vyo gutwara
Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z'amabateri bwakuze kuva ku bikorwa remezo vy'igerageza gushika ku bikorwa remezo vy'ingenzi-Amerika yongeyeko 12.3 GW mu 2024 gusa, bituma iba igice c'inguvu gikura cane-
Ubutunzi ubu burakunda amabateri kuruta amahinguriro y’amazi ku nguvu iyo ari yo yose ikenewe munsi y’amasaha ane, ibiciro bikaba biva ku madolari 1.778/kW bikaja ku madolari 1.080/kW mu mwaka umwe .
Igitigiri c’abananirwa caragabanutse mbere n’igihe ubushobozi bwari bwarateye imbere-ibintu 15 vyabaye mu 2023 muri 150+ GW y’ubushobozi bwo kw’isi yose, biva ku bintu 28 vyabaye igihe inganda yari nto incuro 8
Ivyuma vy’uburaro vyarongerekanye 57% mu 2024, bivuye ku gihe-c’ibiharuro vy’ikoreshwa n’ibikenewe vy’amashanyarazi aho gushingira ku bidukikije
Ico kibazo cavuye ku buhinga kija ku guhuza-960 GW y'imigambi y'ububiko bw'amabateri yicaye mu mirongo y'ukwemererwa irindiriye imyaka 3-5 kugira ngo hakorwe inyigisho zo gutanga amakuru
Inkomoko y'ibanze
Ishirahamwe ry'abanyamerika ry'inguvu zisukuye n'ibiti Mackenzie, "Igikoresho co kugenzura ububiko bw'inguvu muri Amerika Q4 2024"
Ubumenyi bw'ubucuruzi bwa Fortune, "Ubunini bw'isoko ry'ububiko bw'inguvu za bateri, umugabane n'isesengura ry'inganda"
Ubuyobozi bw'amakuru y'inguvu muri Amerika, "Isoko ry'ububiko bw'amabateri" (2024)
Ububiko bw'amakuru y'ivyashikiye BESS, amwins.com
EPA, "Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu za bateri: Ivyiyumviro nyamukuru vyo gushiramwo neza no gusubiza ingorane" (Myandagaro 2025)
Ibikoresho vy'inguvu biteye imbere, "Ingorane nyamukuru ku bijanye n'ububiko bw'inguvu z'amabateri y'iyon" (Ugushyingo 2022)
ISO ya California, "Raporo idasanzwe yo mu 2024 ku bijanye n'ububiko bwa bateri" (Gitugutu 2025)
Igisata c'Inguvu ca Amerika, "2021-2024 Isubiramwo ry'Imyaka Ine ry'Imirongo y'Ibikoresho vy'Ibikoresho vy'Ibikoresho vy'Ibikoresho vy'Ibikoresho vy'Ibikoresho vy'Ibikoresho vy'Ibikoresho vy'Ivyuma"
Electrek, "Ububiko bw'amabateri yo mu nzu buraduga cane mu 2024" (Ntwarante 2025)
Mewburn Ellis, "Raporo y'amabateri 2024: BESS iriko iratera imbere mu myaka cumi y'ububiko bw'inguvu" (Ruhuhuma 2025)