A Uburyo bwo guhindura ubushobozi (PCS)ni igikoresho c'ubuhinga bwa none gifise ubushobozi bwinshi bukoreshwa mu buryo bw'ububiko bw'inguvu za bateri. Bishoboza guhindura uburyo bw’inguvu z’umuyagankuba n’uruja n’uruza rw’inguvu zija mu nzira zibiri, zigashigikira inguvu z’umuyagankuba zishika kuri 1500V. PCS ikoreshwa cane mu buryo bwo kubika inguvu no mu gutanga inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo.
Iri hagati y’ibateri y'ububiko bw'inguvun’uruzitiro rw’amashanyarazi, ni co gice nyamukuru gishobora gutuma inguvu z’amashanyarazi zigenda mu nzira zibiri hagati y’uburyo bwo kubika inguvu n’uruzitiro rw’amashanyarazi. Ikoreshwa mu kugenzura bateri kugira ngo ikore neza uguhindura AC/DC mu gihe co gushaja/gukuraho kandi ikora ibikorwa nyamukuru vyo guhindura inguvu z’umuyagankuba mu nzira zibiri no kugenzura uburyo.
Uko PCS ikora
Ingingo ngenderwako nyamukuru y’ibikorwa vya PCS ni ugushika ku nzira zibiri no guhindura inguvu z’umuyagankuba: hagati y’impande za AC n’iz’umuyagankuba, biciye mu kugenzura uguhindura kw’ibikoresho vy’umuyagankuba, ingufu za AC ziva ku ruzitiro zirakosorwa zikaba inguvu za DC kugira ngo zishire umuriro muri bateri; canke inguvu za DC ziva muri bateri zihindurwa zikaba inguvu za AC kugira ngo zisubire ku ruzitiro. Ivyo bikorwa bigenzurwa n’uburyo bwo kugenzura microgrid, bushobora gukora amategeko y’ububasha buhoraho (PQ) canke ububasha buhoraho (CC) kugira ngo bugenzure neza uruja n’uruza rw’inguvu z’ugushaja no gukuraho amabateri (nk’ugushavura kw’isonga n’ukuzuza ikiyaya), kandi icarimwe bugatuma ubushobozi bwo gusohoka buhinduka nk’uko ubushobozi bw’ubushobozi buhinduka.
Mu gukoresha uruzitiro rw’amashanyarazi, ubuhinga bwo kugenzura amashanyarazi (PCS) burafise uruhara rwinshi ruhambaye:
1. Gukomeza gukoresha neza uruzitiro: Gutanga ubushobozi bwo gufasha mu gihe uruzitiro rudashikamye, gutuma amabateri agira umutekano biciye mu guhanahana amakuru n’Ishirahamwe ry’Icungera Amabateri (BMS), no gutuma ibibanza bininibinini vy’ububiko bw’inguvu bishobora gushika ku mategeko y’inguvu ashobora guhinduka no gutuma ubutunzi bugenda neza biciye mu nzira ya PCS.
2. Gutuma amabateri agira umutekano: Gukorana na BMS, kumenya ko amabateri akora mu buryo butekanye no gukingira ingorane nk’ugushaja cane no gushaja cane-.
3. Gutuma ubuhinga bushobora guhindurwa n’ubutunzi: Cane cane mu bigo bininibinini vy’ububiko bw’inguvu, PCS ni urufunguruzo rwo gushika ku guhindura uburyo bw’inguvu (nk’ugushavura kw’isonga n’ukuzuza ibiyaya, uguhindura incuro) no gutuma ubutunzi bugenda neza.
Ibirango n'imikorere nyamukuru ya PCS
PCS (Igikoresho co kugenzura amashanyarazi) gifise ibikoresho nk’ivyo bita IGBTs (Ibikoresho bifise amarembo abiri), PCBs (Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gucapura), be n’intsinga n’imirongo y’amashanyarazi. Ibintu nyamukuru biyiranga n’ibikorwa vyayo ni ibi bikurikira:
Guhindura inguvu mu nzira zibiri:PCS irashobora guhindura umuriro ugenda (DC) ukaba umuriro uhinduka (AC) n’ibihushanye n’ivyo, bikaba bituma inguvu zigenda mu nzira zibiri hagati y’uruzitiro, amabateri n’imizigo. Nk’akarorero, mu buryo bwo kubika inguvu, irashobora guhindura AC y’uruzitiro ikaba DC kugira ngo ishaje bateri mu masaha y’ijoro, kandi ihindure DC ya bateri ibe AC kugira ngo igaruke ku ruzitiro canke itange imizigo yo mu karere mu masaha y’ijoro.
Igenzura nyaryo ry'ubushobozi:Biciye ku buhinga buteye imbere bwo kugenzura, PCS irashobora guhindura ubunini n’uburongozi bw’inguvu zo gucapura no gukuraho mu gihe nyaco, igasubiza neza amabwirizwa canke ibimenyetso biva ku nzira y’ugucungera amabateri (BMS), igatuma uguhindura inguvu bigenda neza kandi bishikama. Nk’akarorero, irashobora guhindura neza umuriro wo gucapura no gukuraho umuriro, umuriro, n’incuro bishingiye ku guhinduka kw’umuzigo w’uruzitiro canke uko bateri imeze.
Ubuhinga bwo gutuma ubushobozi bugenda neza:PCS ifise ibikorwa vyo guhagarika amajwi n’ibikorwa vyo gusubiza inyuma ubushobozi, bishobora gutuma ubushobozi bwo gusohoka bugenda neza no kugabanya ingorane zija ku ruzitiro. Mu bikorwa bishasha vyo gutanga inguvu, birashobora kandi gutuma inguvu zisohoka zihinduka zihinduka nk’inguvu z’amatara n’inguvu z’umuyaga, bikaba bituma umurongo w’inguvu uhagarara neza kandi bigatuma uruzitiro rugira ubushobozi bwo kwemera inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo.
Uburyo bwo guhindura no gukingira ibikorwa:PCS ishigikira uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora, harimwo grid-ihuye n'iyitari -grid (islanding), kandi ishobora guhindura vuba kandi ata nkomanzi hagati y'uburyo butandukanye. Ico gihe nyene, ishiramwo uburyo bwinshi bwo kwikingira nk’umuriro urenze urugero, umuriro urenze urugero, ubushuhe burengeje urugero, n’ugukingira -izinga kugira ngo urutonde rukore neza mu gihe hari amakosa canke mu bihe bidasanzwe, bikingire ibikoresho kwonona canke impanuka z’uruzitiro.
Muri make, PCS ni ikiraro nyamukuru gihuza ububiko bw’inguvu n’ugutanga ingufu, kigatuma ingufu zishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo buhinduka, zikoreshwa neza, kandi zigakora neza kandi zidahinduka biciye mu guhindura no kuzicungera neza kandi mu buryo bw’ubwenge.
Ibikorwa vya PCS
Hashingiwe ku mice itandukanye y’ugukoresha, PCS ishobora guca mu mice itatu nyamukuru: amashirahamwe y’amashanyarazi yo kubika inguvu, ay’inganda n’ay’ubudandaji, n’ay’amazu. Itandukaniro nyamukuru riri mu nguvu zisohoka.
Ibibanza vy'ububiko bw'inguvu
Ivyuma vy'amashanyarazi vy'ububiko bw'inguvu binini-bifise uruhara rwinshi ruhambaye mu bijanye n'inguvu, harimwo ugutunganya incuro, ugutunganya umuriro, n'ugusubiza inyuma. Inguvu zabo za PCS mu bisanzwe zishika ku rugero rwa megawatt canke hejuru, zikaba zifise ubushobozi buva ku megawatt nyinshi gushika ku megawatt amajana. Bafise ibisabwa bikomeye ku bijanye n’umuvuduko w’inyishu n’ubugenzuzi bubereye, kandi bategerezwa kugira ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhindura uruzitiro n’ubushobozi bwo guhuza imashini nyinshi kugira ngo bashobore gukora neza, gukora neza kandi gushikamye kw’ubuhinga bw’inguvu mu gihe c’uguhindura inguvu nyinshi. Ni igice nyamukuru c’infashanyo y’ingenzi mu kwubaka amabarabara y’ubwenge.
Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z'inganda n'ubucuruzi (PCS)
Inguvu z’ibikoresho vyo kubika inguvu z’inganda n’ubudandaji zisanzwe ziva kuri 50kW gushika kuri 500kW. Kubera ko PCS ihanganye n’imitwaro y’amashanyarazi igoye kandi ihora -ihinduka, itegerezwa kuba ifise ubushobozi bwo guhindura burenga 98,5% n’ubushobozi bwo gutwara amakosa y’urugero rwa milisegonda -. Mu gushitsa neza ingamba zo gushavura no kwuzuza ikiyaya -zo "kubika amashanyarazi mu masaha y'ijoro no kuyasohora mu masaha y'ijoro," bigabanya neza igiciro c'amashanyarazi ku bucuruzi ku bice 30%-50%. Ico gihe nyene, ubuhinga bwayo bwo kwitandukanya n’uguhinduka kw’uruzitiro n’ibikorwa vy’uguhindura amashanyarazi bitagira umurongo bituma amashanyarazi aguma ashika ku mirongo y’ubuhinga canke ahantu h’ubudandaji, bikaba bituma amashanyarazi ashobora kwizigirwa cane kandi bikaba ari vyo bicungera uburongozi bw’inguvu z’ibigo.
Ububiko bw'inguvu zo mu nzu PCS
Ububiko bw’inguvu zo mu nzu PCS mu bisanzwe bufise ubushobozi kuva kuri 5kW gushika kuri 10kW. Igishushanyo caco gikomeye kandi gifise ibice bimwe bimwe gishobora gushirwaho mu buryo bworoshe kandi kikaba gishobora gukoreshwa ata nkomanzi n’inguvu zitandukanye nk’inguvu z’izuba zikoreshwa hejuru y’urusengero. Mu kubika inguvu z’izuba zisigaye ku murango no gutanga imitwaro yo mu rugo mw’ijoro, birazigama neza amafaranga y’amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu gihe c’isonga n’igihe c’isonga-itari ryo. Ikindi kandi, itanga amashanyarazi y’inyuma ata nkomanzi mu gihe uruzitiro rwacitse, igakomeza gutuma amashanyarazi ashika ku bikoresho bihambaye nk’amafirigo, amatara, n’ibikoresho vyo guhanahana amakuru, gutyo igatuma habaho umuti w’uruzitiro ruto rutekanye kandi wigenga ku nzu.