Ehe ikintu coshobora kugutangaza: ubuhinga bwihuta-bw'inguvu zisukuye si amatara y'izuba canke amatara y'umuyaga. Ni ikintu abantu benshi batigeze bumva, kinyegejwe mu bubiko no mu bikoresho vyo gukoresha amashanyarazi kw’isi yose. BESS - Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu za bateri - ni moteri itaboneka ituma ingufu zishobora gusubirwamwo zikora vy’ukuri ku rugero.
Iryo jambo ry’inyongera rivuga nk’iry’ubuhinga. Birababaza, mbere. Ariko inyuma y’ayo makete ane hari isoko ry’isi yose ry’amadolari 50 miliyaridi rikura ku rugero rwa 25% ku mwaka, ubuhinga bwabujije ko haba uguzima gukomeye mu gihe c’ubukonje bukomeye muri Texas muri Ruhuhuma 2024, n’igice kibuze gituma amaherezo amashanyarazi ashobora gusubirwamwo 24/7 ashoboka. Iyo ubajije ngo "BESS ihagarariye iki", mu vy'ukuri uba ubajije ivy'ubuhinga buriko burasubira kwandika mu gacerere amategeko y'ingene amashanyarazi akora.
Iterambere rya BESS: Kuva ku majambo make gushika ku mpinduka y'uruzitiro
Ingingo nyinshi zizokubwira ko BESS bisobanura "Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu za bateri." Mu vy’ubuhinga ni ukuri. Ariko ivyo ni nk'ukuvuga ngo Tesla ikora "imiduga" - ukuri, ariko ibura ihinduka ribera munsi.
Ehe ingene mu vy’ukuri umuntu yotahura BESS biciye mu co nita Evolution Cascade:
Urugero rwa 1: Inyuguti y'inyongera→ BESS=Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu za bateri
Urugero rwa 2: Ikoranabuhanga→ Amabateri ashobora gusubirwamwo umuriro + amashanyarazi + uburyo bwo kugenzura
Urugero rwa 3: Uburyo→ Umuti wuzuye ubika umuyagankuba ukawusohora iyo usavye
Urugero rwa 4: Umugongo w'uruzitiro→ Ibikorwa remezo bishoboza inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo guhangana n’ibikoresho biva mu bikoko
Urugero rwa 5: Uwushoboza muri kazoza→ Ishingiro ry'umuyagankuba ikintu cose - kuva ku modoka gushika ku bisagara vyose
Urugero rwose rwubakiye ku rwabanjirije. Gutahura iyo nzira birasigura igituma BESS yava ku buhinga bushasha ikaja ku bikorwa remezo vy’ingenzi mu myaka itarenga cumi.
Gucapura B-E-S-S: Ico Urudome Rumwe rumwe Rusobanura Mu Vy'ukuri
Reka tuvyiyumvire neza, kuko ido n’ido ni ryo rihambaye.
B ni iya Bateri (Ariko Si Nk'Iya Telefone Yawe)
Iyo abantu benshi bumvise "bateri", biyumvira amabateri AA canke amashaja ya telefone. Urutonde-urugero BESS rukora mw'isanzure ry'ikirere ritandukanye rwose. Igikoresho kimwe co gukoresha BESS gishobora kubika amasaha 1.000 y’inguvu (MWh) y’inguvu - zihagije kugira ngo zihaze inzu 750.000 mu masaha imwe. Ico kibanza ca Moss Landing muri California kibika amashanyarazi 3.000 MWh mu bice bibiri, kikaba ari co kibanza kinini kuruta ibindi vyose kw’isi co gushiramwo amabateri imbere y’uko gifatwa n’imigambi mishasha y’Abashinwa mu 2025.
Ivyo si amabateri y’abaguzi yashizwe hejuru. Ivyo bikoresho biratandukanye (ahanini ni litiyumu iron phosphate ubu aho nickel-manganese-cobalt iri muri laptop yawe), uburyo bwo gukonjesha ni ubw’inganda{3}}, kandi amategeko y’umutekano arahanganye n’ibikoresho vy’imishwarara. Dushingiye ku icegeranyo ca EPRI co mu 2024, 72% vy’ibibazo vya BESS bishika mu myaka ibiri ya mbere - atari kubera ko ubuhinga butari bwizigirwa, ahubwo ni kubera ko gukorana n’ugushira mu ngiro ari ibikorwa bikomeye bisaba gukora neza.
E ni iy'Inguvu (Ubwoko Bubitswe)
Ugubika inguvu bimeze nk’aho vyoroshe gushika wimba muri fizike. BESS nta "gufata" umuyagankuba gusa nk'amazi ari mu ndobo. Ihindura inguvu z’umuyagankuba zikaba ubushobozi bw’imiti, ikazibika, hanyuma ikazihindura iyo bikenewe. Buri nzira y'uguhindura itakaza 10-15% ku bushuhe n'ubushobozi bwo guhangana - ingorane "y'urugendo rwo kugaruka" ubuhinga bwo kubika bwose buhura na bwo.
Igituma ivyo bishimishije: ko 85-90% y’ubushobozi ikubita ubundi buryo bwinshi. Ububiko bw’amazi bupompwa (amazi apompwa aja hejuru, hanyuma akarekurwa) burashika ku ntumbero nk’izo ariko busaba ahantu kanaka be n’imyaka mirongo kugira ngo yubakwe. Ububiko bw’ihydrogène bumeze nk’ubutanga umuhango ariko ubu bushika ku 30-40% gusa bw’ubushobozi bwo kugenda no kugaruka. BESS itera ahantu heza h’ubushobozi bwinshi, igihe co kwishura vyihuta (milisegonda 10 ku bubasha bwose), n’ugukoresha bishobora guhindurwa.
S ni iyo kubika (Ariko vy'ukuri, ni ivy'igihe)
Ububiko ni co gice kigaragara. Ariko ng'iki ico iryo jambo ry'inyongera ridafata: BESS mu vy'ukuri si iyo kubika inguvu igihe kirekire-. Ni ivy'igihe-co guhindura.
Amatara y’izuba aratanga umuyagankuba iyo izuba rirashe. Abantu barakeneye umuyagankuba iyo bavuye ku kazi, bateka ivya nimugoroba, bagafungura ivyuma bikoresha umuyaga - kenshi amasaha menshi inyuma y’aho izuba rirenze. Ico kinogo citwa "duck curve" kubera uburyo giteye ku bipimo vy'uruzitiro, kigereranya ingorane nyamukuru y'inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo. BESS irabitorera umuti mu kubika amashanyarazi y’izuba yo mu gicugu no kuyarekura mu gihe c’isonga ry’ivyo abantu bakeneye ku mugoroba.
Mu mwaka w’2024, ubuhinga bwa BESS bwo muri California bwabitse amasaha arenga 30 gigawatt-ku musi, igihe-kihindura amasaha menshi y’izuba akaja ku masaha y’umugoroba. Ivyuma vyo muri Texas vyatanze gigawatt 1 y’amazi asohoka mu gihe c’ubukonje bwo muri Ruhuhuma, bikaba vyihuta cane kuruta uko uruganda urwo ari rwo rwose rwo gukoresha amakara y’ibisigazwa rwoshobora gukora. Ivyo si inyungu z'ivyiyumviro - zipimwa, ubushobozi bwagaragajwe abakoresha uruzitiro ubu bashingiyeko.
S ni iya System (Igice umuntu wese yirengagiza)
Uwo "S" wa kabiri niho ugutahura kw'abantu benshi gusenyuka. BESS si amabateri gusa. Ni uburyo buhuriweko bufise nibura ibice bitandatu bihambaye:
Utugingo ngengabuzima twa bateri n'ibice→ Ivyuma vy'ububiko bw'inguvu, cane cane litiyumu-ion uno musi
Uburyo bwo guhindura ubushobozi (PCS)→ Ihindura DC (bateri) ikaba AC (uruzitiro) n’inyuma
Uburyo bwo gucunga bateri (BMS)→ Igenzura ubushuhe, umuriro, uko umuriro uri mu bihumbi vy'ingingo
Uburyo bwo gucunga inguvu (EMS)→ Ahuza igihe co gucakira, gusohora, n’ingene
Ubucungezi bw'ubushuhe→ Igumya amabateri mu bushuhe bwiza (ukwirinda umuriro ni ubucuruzi bukomeye)
Ibikoresho vy'uruzitiro→ Ama transformateur, ibikoresho vyo guhindura umuriro, n’ibikoresho vyo gufatanya
Dushingiye ku nseguro y’isoko ry’i Buraya ryo mu 2025, amabateri ubwayo agereranya gusa 35% vy’igiciro cose c’ivyo bikoresho. Ibindi 65% bija mu bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none (15%), uburinganire bw’ibikoresho vy’uruganda (15%), ibikorwa remezo (20%), n’ugushiraho (15%). Ivyo bisigura igituma gusa gushika ku maselo y'amabateri atari menshi bidatuma BESS ishobora kugurwa - ukeneye kugabanya ibiciro muri sisitemu yose.
Igituma BESS ihambaye kuruta uko ijambo ry’inyongera rivyerekana
Ehe ukuri kudasanzwe ku bijanye n’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo ata n’umwe yashaka kwemera gushika ubu: izuba n’umuyaga birafatanya. Izuba ntirihora rikayangana. Umuyaga ntuhora uhuha. Kandi amashanyarazi asaba ko haba uburinganire butunganye hagati y’ugutanga n’ugusaba buri milisegonda, canke arasenyuka.
Mu myaka mirongo, iyo ngorane y’uguhagarara kw’ibintu yatumye ibintu bishobora gusubirwamwo biba ivy’inyongera iyo ari vyiza. Gazi kavukire "ibikorwa vy'isonga" - bizimvye, bihumanya amageneratore yashobora guhindukira ningoga - vyakora ivyo bihengeri. BESS yarahinduye iyo nkuru yose.
Impinduka y'ugushikama kw'uruzitiro
Ivyuma vy’amashanyarazi bikora ku nkuru zitomoye (60 Hz muri Amerika y’Uburaruko, 50 Hz mu Buraya). Iyo ugutanga kugabanutse canke ugusaba kuduga, incuro zirakevya, bikaba bishobora gutuma habaho ukunanirwa kw’ibintu n’uguzima kw’amashanyarazi. Amageneratore ya kera ahagarika incuro biciye mu guhinduranya uburemere - bukomeye cane bushobora kunanira amahinduka atungurwa.
BESS itanga amategeko y’incuro biciye mu bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none, atari uburemere. Isubiza mu masegonda atarenga 10, ugereranyije n’amasegonda 10-15 ku bikoresho bikoresha gazi. Iryo tandukaniro risa n’iritoyi rirafise ingaruka nyinshi cane. Icigwa cakozwe ku ruzitiro rwa Taiwan Power Company cerekanye ko kwongerako BESS vyagabanyije urutonde rwabo rw’ukwizigirwa rwa SAIDI kuva kuri 14.936 gushika kuri 11.978 n’urugero rwa SAIFI kuva kuri 0.185 gushika kuri 0.151 - bihindura ko amashanyarazi azima bike kandi akagaruka vuba iyo habaye ingorane.
Ihinduka ry'ubutunzi
Reka tuvuge amahera, kuko nivyo mu vy’ukuri bituma habaho ugushirwaho. BESS ishoboza amafaranga atatu atandukanye:
Ubukemurampaka bw'inguvu→ Gugura amashanyarazi iyo ibiciro biri hasi (kenshi biba bibi mu gihe izuba rikora cane), ugurisha iyo ibiciro biri hejuru. Mu masoko amwe amwe, ivyo vyonyene birashobora gutuma umuntu aronka inyungu 15-20% ku mwaka ku bijanye n’ishoramari.
Ibikorwa vy'inyongera→ Ama grids ariha amafaranga y’ugutunganya incuro, ugufasha umuriro, n’ubushobozi bwo gucungera. BESS iraruta ayandi yose muri ivyo vyose bitatu, igatuma habaho inyungu idahinduka ataco ihinduye ku bici- ro vy’inguvu.
Ubushobozi bwo kwishura→ Abakoresha amashanyarazi bariha gusa kugira ububiko buboneka mu bihe vy’ugusaba cane, naho nyene butazokwigera busohoka.
Iyo ushize hamwe izo nzira z’amahera, BESS iraheza igashobora guhangana n’ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bw’amazuku mbere n’imbere y’uko uzirikana ivyiza biva ku bidukikije. Isesengura ryo mu 2024 ryerekanye ko imigambi ya California BESS ishika ku bipimo vy’imbere mu gihugu vy’inyungu zirenga 12%, n’ugugabanya ibiciro vy’ibikoresho bituma inyungu zirushiriza kuba nyinshi.
Igisasu ca BESS kw’isi yose: Igitigiri kivuga inkuru nyayo
Imibare yerekeye iterambere rya BESS iratangaje vy’ukuri, naho nyene idakunda gushikirizwa hamwe:
Kwihutisha gushirwaho→ Ivyuma vy’amashanyarazi kw’isi yose vyarateye imbere 53% mu 2024 bishika ku masaha nka 200 ya gigawatt-, hakaba hariho imigambi irenga 400 GWh iri mu nzira mu mwaka w’2025 (Rho Motion, Mukakaro 2025)
Igiciro kirasenyuka→ Igiciro c’ububiko c’ububiko cagabanutse kiva ku madolari 150/MWh mu 2020 kija ku madolari 117/MWh mu 2023, abahinga mu vy’ubuhinga bw’amazi bazobandanya mu myaka 4 (Ubuyobozi bw’amakuru y’inguvu)
Ivyo gutegura umutekano→ Igitigiri c’abananirwa muri BESS caragabanutse 97% hagati ya 2018 na 2023, kuva ku 9,2 ku gigawatt yakoreshejwe gushika ku 0,2 gusa ku gigawatt (icigwa ca EPRI, Gitugutu 2024)
Isoko ry'isoko→ Ubushinwa bwashizeho 108 GWh z’urugero rwa BESS mu 2024, zikaba zifise 59% vy’ubushobozi bwo kw’isi yose. Amerika yongeyeko 40 GWh, cane cane muri California na Texas. Uburayi bwakuze 110% umwaka-ku mwaka-ariko buracari inyuma mu mibare nyayo.
Ihinduka ry'ubuhinga bwa shimi→ Amabateri ya litiyumu iron phosphate (LFP) ubu ni yo arongoye ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga-, afata umugabane w’isoko urenga 90% kubera ibiciro bito, umutekano mwiza, n’ubuzima buramba bw’ingendo ugereranyije n’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa nickel-.
Ivyo si ibiharuro canke ibiharuro. Ivyo ni ibikorwa vyagereranywa vyabaye mu 2024-2025.
Igituma BESS itandukanye n'izindi tekinoloji zo kubika
Ububiko bw’inguvu bumaze imyaka irenga ijana. Ububiko bw’amazi bupompa - bupompa amazi aja hejuru iyo amashanyarazi ari make, bukayarekura biciye mu ma turbine iyo amashanyarazi azimvye - buva mu myaka ya 1890. Ni igiki gituma BESS itandukanye?
Umuvuduko→ BESS yishura mu masegonda 10. Ipompa hydro ifata iminota 10 kugira ngo igere hejuru. Iryo tandukaniro rya 60.000x rirahambaye ku bijanye n’ugushikama kw’uruzitiro.
Uguhindura ahantu→ Amazi akoreshwa n’ipompa asaba imisozi n’amazi. BESS ishira ahantu hose hariho uruja n'uruza rw'amazi - mu bisagara, mu bugaragwa, mu bibanza vy'inganda.
Uguhinduranya→ Utangure n’ama megawatts 10, hanyuma ushire ku 100. Ivyo ubigerageze n’urugomero rw’amazi.
Ubushobozi bwo gusubira inyuma-→ BESS ishika ku 85-90% vy’ubushobozi. Ipompa y’amazi ishika kuri 80%, umuyaga ufise ubushobozi bwo gukora 40-52%, hydrogène 30-40%.
Ehe rero ubucuruzi-: amazi apompa abika inguvu imisi canke amayinga ku rugero runini (Ikigo c’ububiko bw’amazi gipompa co mu ntara ya Bath muri Virginia gifise 24.000 MWh). Ivyuma vyinshi vya BESS bitanga amasaha 1-4 yo kubika. Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bifise intumbero zitandukanye. BESS iraruta ayandi yose mu kwishura ningoga no mu gutwara amagare ku musi ku musi. Amazi apompa akora ububiko bw'igihe kirekire.
Ubushakashatsi ku gihe kirekire- BESS burabandanya. Bateri z’amazi - zibika inguvu mu mazi - zishobora kubika inguvu mu kiringo c’amayinga menshi. Bateri y’umuriro w’inguvu 175 MW / 700 MWh yafunguwe mu Bushinwa mu 2024, igenewe gusohoka amasaha 4-. Amabateri akomeye-asezerana uburemere bw'inguvu nyinshi n'umutekano. Bateri za sodium-ion zitanga ibiciro bito hakoreshejwe ibikoresho vyinshi.
Ariko ubu, lithium-ion BESS ni yo iganza kuko ikora uno musi kugiciro gisanzwe kandi igaragaza ko ari iyo kwizigirwa.
Ingorane zihishijwe Nta n'umwe azivuga
Usomye ibikoresho vyo guteza imbere, wokwibaza ko BESS itorera umuti vyose neza. Ukuri ni messier.
Ico kibazo c'umuriro kitazozimangana
Bateri za litiyumu-iyon zishobora gufata umuriro. Si kenshi - ibiharuro vy’ugucika intege vyagabanutse bishika kuri 0,2 kuri gigawatt ikoreshwa mu 2023. Ariko iyo bicitse intege, umuriro uragoye kuzima kandi urashobora gusubira kwaka haciye amasaha. Igisasu co muri Arizona BESS co mu 2019 cakomeretse abazimya umuriro n’umuriro wo mu 2021 wo muri Moss Landing wazimye ubuhinga buhambaye kuruta ubundi bwose bwo gukoresha amabateri kw’isi mu kiringo c’amezi menshi, birerekana ko ivyo atari ivy’imyiyumviro.
Inganda zarishuye. Uburyo bwo kuzimya umuriro bwarateye imbere cane. Igenzura ry’uruganda mu 2024 ryabonye ibibazo vyo kuzimya umuriro mu bice 28% imbere y’uko bikoreshwa - bifata ingorane imbere y’uko bihinduka ibibazo. Ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’i Litiyumu, ubu bikaba ari ivy’agaciro, biturika cane nk’ibindi bikoresho bishingiye kuri nickel-.
Naho ari ukwo, ingorane zirahari. Ugurwanya imigambi ya BESS kw’abanyagihugu akenshi gushingiye ku bijanye n’umutekano w’umuriro, si ata mvo. Iryo koraniro riratekanye kurusha uko ryari imyaka itanu iheze, ariko "tekanye" ntibisigura "tekanye neza."
Ikibazo c'Igihugu
Kugereranya inguvu zisigaye muri bateri y’ivyuma vy’i litiyumu biragoye cane. Udakunze amabateri ya litiyumu nickel manganese cobalt (afise ubucuti bw’umuriro hafi y’umurongo-), amabateri ya LFP aguma afise umuriro hafi udahinduka mu bice vyinshi vy’umuriro wayo. Amakosa yo gupima Leta y’Igihugu (SOC) ashobora kurenga 15%, nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe vuba buvyerekana.
Ni kubera iki ivyo bihambaye? Ibisomwa vya SOC bitari vyo bituma ubushobozi busigara butakoreshwa (inyungu zitakaye) canke amabateri arengeje -ugukura (ubuzima bugabanutse). Iyi si ikibazo ca fizike - ni ikibazo co kugereranya no kugenzura. Ariko biragira ico bikoze ku muntu wese akoresha LFP BESS, akarya mu gacerere mu nyungu zitegekanijwe.
Ingorane z'ugushiramwo
Ehe umubare ukwiye guhagarika umutima umuntu wese akoresha BESS: 65% vy’ibibazo vyanditswe biva ku bibazo vy’imikorere n’ugushiramwo, atari ibibazo vy’amabateri (EPRI, 2024). Amabateri akora neza. Porogaramu, ubugenzuzi, ugushiramwo uruzitiro, n’uburyo bwo gutanga ibikorwa ni vyo bitera ingorane nyinshi.
Gushinga BESS bisaba guhuza abahingura amabateri, abatanga ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi, abashiramwo ubuhinga, abakoresha amashanyarazi, n’inzego zijejwe gucungera amashanyarazi. Imwe yose izana ingingo mfatirwako zitandukanye, amategeko yo guhanahana amakuru be n’ivyiyumviro bitandukanye. Iyo hari ikintu kigenda nabi - ivyagezwe bitari vyo, porogaramu idahuye, ivyagezwe bitari vyo - ibimenyetso kenshi ntibiboneka gushika amayinga canke amezi inyuma y'ugutangura.
Inganda ziriko ziratera imbere vyihuta, ziriko zirategura ingingo mfatirwako nziza be n’amaporogarama y’amahugurwa. Ariko itandukaniro riri hagati y'"amabateri akora muri laboratwari" n'"imirongo ikora neza imyaka 20 mu murima" riguma ari rinini kuruta uko benshi bemera.
Ivy'ukuri-Isi BESS: Aho mu vy'ukuri ikora
Ivyiyumviro birahambaye cane kuruta ivyavuyemwo. None BESS mu vy’ukuri iriko iraroranirwa hehe?
Kaliforuniya: Ikigo ca BESS
California yashizeho 20 GWh z’urugero rw’uruzitiro- BESS mu 2024, bikaba bigereranya igice c’inguvu zose zashizweho muri Amerika. Ivyagezwe vya Leta vy’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo (amashanyarazi asukuye 100% mu 2045) bifatanijwe n’ibiciro vy’amashanyarazi vyinshi biratuma haba ibintu vyiza vy’ubutunzi bwa BESS.
Mu bihe vy’isonga ry’umugoroba wo mu ci, iyo izuba rigabanutse rikagera kuri zero ariko ivyifuzo vy’ivyuma bikoresha umuyaga bikaba bishika ku rwego rwo hejuru, ubwato bwa BESS bwo muri California buratanga ubudasiba 5-7 gigawatts z’inguvu zisohoka. Ivyo vyasubiriye ivy’ugukenera amahinguriro menshi akoresha gazi, bikaba vyabujije amatoni agera ku miriyoni 2 n’igice y’umuyagankuba ku mwaka mu gihe vyagabanya ibiciro vy’amashanyarazi mu masaha y’ijoro.
Ico kigereranyo c’ubutunzi kirakora: Imigambi ya California BESS ishika ku bipimo vy’ubushobozi biri hafi 25-30% n’ibipimo vy’imbere mu gihugu vy’inyungu birenze 12%. Iyo ushobora gucakira amabateri ku madolari 20/MWh mu gihe c’izuba ryinshi ryo mu gicugu, ugacapura ku madolari 200+/MWh mu gihe c’isonga ry’umugoroba, imibare iraryoshe cane.
Texas: Kwerekana ko umuntu yizigirwa iyo afise umubabaro
Texas yongeyeko 13 GWh mu 2024, yibanze ku ruzitiro rwa ERCOT rwananiwe cane mu gihe c’ubukonje bwo muri Ruhuhuma 2021. Igihe uwundi muyaga w’ubukonje watera muri Ruhuhuma 2024, BESS yarakoze igiterane. Uburyo bwo kubika bwarateye imbere hafi 1 GW mu minota mikeyi, buzuza ibihengeri vyatewe n’uguzima kw’amageneratore no kubuza ukuzima kw’amashanyarazi gukomeye.
Ivyo ntivyari ugushigikira uruzitiro rw’ivyiyumviro. Ivyo vyari inyishu nyayo y’ivyihutirwa, yafashwe mu makuru y’ibikorwa vya ERCOT. Ivyuma vya Texas BESS ubu bigereranya ibikorwa remezo vy’ukwizigirwa bihambaye, atari ibikoresho vyo gutuma ubutunzi butera imbere gusa.
Ubushinwa: Gushiraho urugero rw'inganda
Ubushinwa bufise ubushobozi bushasha bwa BESS bufise 108 GWh mu 2024, burengeye ibindi bihugu vyose. Urugero ruratuma habaho igerageza ridashoboka ahandi. BESS - nini kuruta izindi zo kw’isi ikoresha iyo shimi - yatanguye gukora mu ntara ya Hubei mu 2024. Ubushobozi bw’Ubushinwa bwo gukora amabateri n’ubuhinga bwa BESS butera ibiciro 30-40% munsi y’amasoko y’Uburengero.
Uburyo bwo kubikora buratandukanye n’ubw’amasoko yo mu Burengero. Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa BESS vy’Abashinwa akenshi bifatanya n’ibikoresho vy’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo, bitegekanijwe n’ingingo za Leta. Ibisabwa vyo gukorana (mu bisanzwe amasaha 2-4 yo kubika kuri megawatt y’ubushobozi bushobora gusubirwamwo) bituma ugukoresha BESS gukurikirana ukwaguka kw’ubushobozi bushobora gusubirwamwo.
Umwaka w'umuco w'umugambi: Ubuvuzi Zero-Ukuroranirwa kw'umuyagankuba
Rimwe na rimwe inyigisho zihishura cane ni nto-. Umugambi wa United Therapeutics witwa Lightyear muri Caroline yo mu Buraruko warashitse ku bikorwa vy’ububiko bw’ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba bikoresheje ubuhinga bwo gucungera ubuzima bw’amasaha 48-bufatanijwe n’ibikoresho vy’izuba. Ico kigo kiracungera cane ubushuhe bw’imiti ata n’imwe ikoreshwa mu gukoresha amakara y’ibisigazwa - nta gazi kavukire, nta n’amageneratore ya dizeli.
Uyu mugambi werekana ko BESS ishoboza uburyo bwo gukora bwari butashoboka mbere. Iyo uburyo bw’ububasha bwo gusubiza inyuma buhambaye kuruta igiciro, iyo amasezerano y’ubuzima buramba atari-ashobora gusubirwamwo, BESS itanga inyishu zitariho mu myaka itanu iheze.
Ivyo bikoresho vy'ubuhinga bwa none BESS itegerezwa gutsinda
BESS ntikora mu busa. Ubuhinga bwinshi burahiganwa ku isoko rimwe ry'ububiko bw'uruzitiro:
Ububiko bw'umuyagankuba w'amazi→ 200 GW kw’isi yose, ubushobozi bwa 9.000 GWh. Igenzura ku bubiko bw'igihe kirekire-ariko bufise aho bugarukira kandi burateba kwubaka.
Ububiko bw'inguvu z'umuyaga (CAES)→ Ibika inguvu mu gufatanya umuyaga mu binogo biri munsi y’ubutaka. Ivyuma bibiri gusa bikora kw’isi yose kubera ibisabwa mu vy’ubutaka.
Ububiko bw'iyidrojeni→ Guhindura umuyagankuba mu hydrogène, kubika, guhindura igihe bikenewe. 30-40% round-ubushobozi bw’urugendo n’ibiciro vyinshi vy’umutungo bigabanya ugukoresha, naho ubushakashatsi bubandanya.
Bateri zitemba→ Bika inguvu mu binyabuzima bifise amazi. Mu vyiyumviro igihe kitagira aho kigarukira ariko igiciro kinini n’uburemere bw’inguvu buke kuruta litiyumu-ion.
Ububiko bw'ubushuhe→ Bika ubushuhe canke ubukonje kugira ngo uzobikoreshe mu nyuma. Ikora ku bikorwa vyihariye ariko ntitanga ububiko bw'amashanyarazi ku rugero rw'uruzitiro-.
Amapine aguruka→ Bika inguvu mu gipimo c’uguzunguruka. Ni vyiza ku bikorwa vy'igihe gito-(amasegonda gushika ku minota) ariko ntibikenewe ku masaha-yo kubika.
Ico gikoresho cose gifise ivyiza. Nta n’imwe ihuye n’ihuriro rya BESS ry’umuvuduko wo kwishura, ubushobozi, uburyo bwo guhindura, n’imigenderanire y’ibiciro vy’ubu. Ikibazo si uko BESS igenzura igihe gito- (1-4 amasaha) ububiko - irasanzwe ikora. Ikibazo ni nimba ukugabanya ibiciro n’ugutuma igihe kirekire bizotuma BESS ifata n’amasoko y’ububiko bw’igihe kirekire.
Uko twokwiyumvira uruhara rwa BESS muri kazoza
Kuvuga imbere y’igihe ivy’ubuhinga bwa none birateye akaga. Abakekeranya ivy’izuba mu 2010 biyumvira ko ibiciro bidashobora kugwa munsi y’amadolari 2/watt. Bashitse ku madolari 0.20/watt mu 2024. Abanegura umuyaga bavuga ko amatongo yo mu kiyaga ata bukungu afise. Ubu baratanga amashanyarazi amwe amwe atari menshi kuruta ayandi yose yo mu Buraya.
BESS na yo ikurikira inzira nk’izo. Rimbura neza ivyo bigereranyo:
Ukwiyongera kw'isoko→ Ivyiyumviro vyinshi bivuga ko ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amasaha 1 / 3 terawatt-kw’isi yose mu mwaka w’2035, ni ukuvuga nk’incuro indwi z’ivyo mu mwaka w’2024. Wood Mackenzie, BloombergNEF, na IEA bose barategura imirongo isa n’iyo naho uburyo butandukanye.
Kugabanya ibiciro→ Ibiciro vy’amabateri vyagabanutse bishika ku madolari 115/kWh mu 2024, amadolari 100/kWh akarenga mu 2025 kandi ibiharuro vyerekana amadolari 70/kWh mu 2030. Kuri ivyo bici- ro, BESS iba ishobora guhangana n’ubutunzi mu bijanye n’ububiko bw’amasaha 8-12, atari amasaha -2 gusa.
Iterambere ry'ubuhinga bwa shimi→ Ivyuma vy’ivyuma vyitwa litiyumu ni vyo biganzwa muri iki gihe. Amabateri y'amazi n'ay'amazi akomeye azogurishwa mu 2025{4}}2027. Imwe yose isezerana inyungu zitandukanye - igiciro gito, inguvu nyinshi, umutekano mwiza.
Ugutera imbere kw'isoko→ Amafaranga BESS yinjiza uno musi ahanini ava mu bikorwa vy’ubukemurampaka n’ibindi bikorwa vy’inyongera. Ivyo gukoresha ejo birimwo gusubiramwo ivy’ugutanga amakuru (kwirinda guhindura amashanyarazi azimvye), amashanyarazi mato mato y’imibano iri kure, no gushiramwo imodoka-ku-uruzitiro uko imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zigwira.
Ukwaguka kw'ubutaka→ Californie na Texas ntibizoganza ibihe vyose. Australiya, Ubudage, Ubuyapani n’Ubuhindi vyose birafise amasoko ya BESS ariko arakura cane. Ibihugu bifise ibiciro vy’amashanyarazi vyinshi kandi bifise ubushobozi bwo gusubira gukoresha amashanyarazi bikomeye bizokurikiza akarorero ka California.
Inzira isa n’iyitomoye. Urutonde rw’igihe ruguma rudatomoye. Ariko iyo umuntu abajije ngo "BESS ihagarariye iki," inyishu iguma ihinduka: ubuhinga butuma amabarabara ashobora gusubirwamwo akora vy'ukuri.
Ibibazo bikunze kwibazwa
None BESS ihagarariye iki mu majambo yoroshe?
BESS ni ijambo risobanura Uburyo bwo Kubika Inguvu za Bateri. Iyumvire nk’ibateri y’inganda-ishobora gusubirwamwo umuriro ibika amashanyarazi arenze urugero ava ku ruzitiro canke ku bikoresho bishobora gusubirwamwo, hanyuma ikayarekura iyo bikenewe kugira ngo igere ku rugero rw’ugutanga n’ugusaba.
BESS itandukanye gute n’ibateri isanzwe?
Urugero, ukuntu bigoranye be n’intumbero. Ivyo bikoresho vya BESS birimwo amabateri ibihumbi n’ibihumbi, ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’ubuhinga bwa none, uburyo bwo gucunga ubushuhe be n’ibikoresho vyo gukorana n’uruzitiro. Bigenewe 20+ imyaka y'ubuzima bishobora gukora ibihumbi vy'ingendo z'ugushaja-gusohoka, bitandukanye n'amabateri y'abaguzi agenewe imyaka 2-5 y'ikoreshwa ryoroshe.
Ni kuki ubuhinga bwa BESS buhambaye cane ku bijanye n’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo?
Amatara y’izuba atanga umuyagankuba gusa iyo izuba rirashe. Ivyuma bikoreshwa n’umuyaga bikora gusa iyo umuyaga uvuye. BESS ibika inguvu iyo umuyagankuba uri mwinshi, ikazirekura iyo umuyagankuba uri muto, ivyo bikaba bituma umuyagankuba ushobora gusubirwamwo uboneka 24/7 aho kuboneka gusa iyo kamere ikoranye.
Ni ikihe kibazo gikomeye cane ku bijanye n’ugushiraho BESS?
Ugukingira umuriro ni co kintu nyamukuru gihambaye. Bateri za litiyumu-ion zirashobora gufata umuriro iyo zononekaye, zishizwemwo umuriro mwinshi canke zikonjeshejwe nabi. Uburyo bwa none burimwo uguzimya umuriro cane, ariko ingorane ntizazimangana burundu. Igitigiri c’abananirwa caragabanutse 97% hagati ya 2018 na 2023 uko inganda zigira amakosa ya kera.
None ubuhinga bwa BESS bumara igihe kingana iki?
Ivyinshi mu bikoresho vya BESS vy'urugero rw'ubuhinga -bifise ingwati y'imyaka 10-20, cane cane n'ingwati y'ubushobozi. Ubuzima nyabwo buvana n'ikoreshwa - gutwara amagare bikomeye bishobora kwonona amabateri vyihuta kuruta gukoresha neza. Uburyo bucungiwe neza bukwiye gutanga imyaka 15-20 y’ibikorwa vy’ubutunzi imbere y’uko bisaba gusubirwamwo.
Mbega BESS yoshobora kuronka amahera?
Ego, biciye mu nzira nyinshi z’amahera: ubukemurampaka bw’inguvu (ugugura bike, kugurisha vyinshi), ibikorwa vy’uruja n’uruza (ugutunganya incuro, gufasha umuriro), n’ukwishura ubushobozi (ukwishura kubera ukuboneka mu gihe c’isonga). Imigambi ya California ihora ishika ku 12-15% vy’ibipimo vy’imbere mu gihugu vy’inyungu mu gihe isoko ririho ubu.
None iyo amabateri ya BESS apfuye bigenda gute?
Amahitamwo arimwo gusubira gukoresha (gusubira gukoresha ibikoresho vy’agaciro nka litiyumu na kobalti) canke gukoresha ubuzima bwa kabiri- (gukoresha amabateri yasenyutse ku bikorwa bitasaba cane imbere yo gusubira gukoresha ibikoresho vya nyuma). Porogarama z'amabateri y'ubuzima bwa kabiri bw'inganda y'amashanyarazi zituma habaho inzira z'amabateri ya BESS na yo nyene, naho nyene amabateri menshi y'ubuhinga -ari mashasha cane ku buryo atarashika ku mpera-y'ubuzima bwayo.
Iciyumviro nyamukuru: BESS Ntiyigishobora Guhitamwo
Iyo utahuye ico BESS ihagarariye - vy'ukuri utahura uburyo bwose n'uruhara rwayo mu guhindura uruzitiro - urabona ko tutariko turavuga ubuhinga bw'ubuhinga canke ugusubiramwo ibintu bitari vyo. BESS iserukira ibikorwa remezo vy'ishimikiro vy'amashanyarazi ashobora gusubirwamwo-.
Imyaka cumi izoza izotuma BESS ikoreshwa vyihuta birenze ivyo bitegekanijwe ubu. Ibiciro vy’amabateri bizobandanya bigabanuka. Umutekano uzotera imbere. Igihe kizokwongerwa. Kandi ikibazo ntikizoba ari "BESS ihagarariye iki" ahubwo kizoba "ni gute twigeze gukoresha ama grids tutayifise?"
Ibintu bitatu vyihariye bikwiye kwihwezwa: Ica mbere, ugushiramwo BESS n’imiduga-to-grid (V2G) nk’ingero zo kwemera imodoka zikoresha umuyagankuba. Ubwa kabiri, gufatanya BESS n’uguhingura ihydrogène y’icatsi kibisi kugira ngo haboneke umuti w’ingorane yo kubika ibintu bishobora gusubirwamwo mu bihe. Ica gatatu, ukuza kw’urugero rw’abanyagihugu-rw’abanyagihugu n’urw’abanyagihugu n’urw’abanyagihugu rutuma uruhara rw’abanyagihugu rugira demokarasi.
Niba uriko urasuzuma BESS ku bikorwa vy'ubudandaji, ubutunzi burashobora kuba bukora mu turere dufise amashanyarazi menshi-. Nimba uri muri politike y’inguvu, gutuma BESS yemera vyihuta kandi amategeko y’isoko asobanutse bizokwihutisha gukoresha kuruta infashanyo. Niba uriko urabona ingene inguvu zihinduka uri ku ruhande, tahura ko BESS ari ubuhinga butuma bishoboka mu buryo bw’ubuhinga.
Iryo jambo ry’inyongera ryoshobora kumvikana riteye ubwoba. Ikoranabuhanga rihindura imirongo y’amashanyarazi ni ikintu cose ariko...
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