Ubwanyuma bwavuguruwe muri Werurwe 2026
Uburyo bw’amabateri y’ibarabara bubika inguvu mu bice vy’amabateri LiFePO4 bitera imbere mu gitereko c’ibikoresho gisanzwe c’inci 19-- ubwoko bumwe bw’ibikoresho bikoreshwa ku bateri y’ubuhinga bwa none n’ibikoresho vy’urubuga. Igikoresho cose gica ku nzira, kigafatanya n'ikindi, kikavugana n'umuhinduzi wawe biciye ku buryo bwo gucunga bateri bushizwemwo-. Ushobora gutangura n’ama kWh 20 hanyuma ukongerako ama modules mu nyuma kugira ngo ushikire 40, 50, canke 60 kWh ataco utaburuye. Niba uriko urarondera ububiko bw'izuba, ububiko bw'inzu yose-, canke guca amafaranga y'amashanyarazi y'ubudandaji, uburyo bushizwe ku gitereko ni bumwe mu buryo busukuye kandi bushobora gukoreshwa.
Kuki Rack-Ishizweko? Ubujurire ni ubuhe?
Inyishu ngufi: vyose biba mu kazu kamwe. Bateri zawe, amawaya yawe, umuyaga wawe - vyose biri mu kirenge kimwe gitoyi kuruta frigo. Nta bifatanya uruhome-vyo kwiganyira, nta bice binyanyagiye hasi mu garage. Uca ushiramwo amabuye, ugashiramwo amamodule, maze iyo sisitemu igasa n’isukuye kuva ku musi wa mbere.
Iyindi ntumbero nini ni ukwaguka. Kumbure ubu ukeneye gusa 20 kWh kugira ngo ukore ububiko bw'ibintu bihambaye-. Haciye umwaka umwe wongereko chargeur ya EV, ugaca ushaka 40 kWh. Kubera ko hariho uburyo bwo gushiramwo ibintu vy’ibice, ivyo ni ikibazo co kugura ibice vyinshi no kubishira mu bibanza bitagira ikintu. Igikoresho kimwe, inverter imwe, amawaya imwe. Gwacu20–50 kWh umuriro mwinshi w'amabaterivyubatswe kuri ico ciyumviro - utora ubushobozi bujanye n'uyu musi maze ugakura uhereye ng'aho.
Kandi rero hariho igice c'umuriro mwinshi-. Ivyuma vyacu vy’ibikoresho bikora ku 204.8V–512V aho gukoresha 48V vya kera. Ivyo bisigura ko iyo sisitemu ikwegeranya umuriro muto cane ku bijanye n’inguvu zimwe, ku buryo ushobora gukoresha intsinga zitoyi, ugatakaza inguvu nke kugira ngo ushuhure mu nsinga, kandi muri rusangi ubone ubushobozi bwiza kuruta mu nzira yose y’ugushaja. Ni itandukaniro rigaragara iyo umaze kuronka hejuru ya 15 kWh y’ubushobozi bwose.
Guhitamwo uburyo bwiza: Ivyo wokwiyumvira
Ntukeneye kuba injeniyeri w’amabateri kugira uhitemwo uburyo bwiza bwo gushiramwo amabateri. Ariko hariho ibintu bikeyi bikwiye gushirwa imbere y’igihe, kuko kubihindura mu nyuma birazimvye.
None mu vy’ukuri ukeneye ubushobozi bungana iki?Tangana n’amashanyarazi ukoresha ku musi ku musi. Inzu yo muri Amerika ikoresha amashanyarazi agera kuri 30 kWh ku musi. Niba ushaka ijoro ryose ry’inzu yose, uzokenera ahantu hafi 35–40 kWh y’ubushobozi bwose bwa bateri umaze guharura ukuntu udakwiye gukura amabateri gushika kuri zero. Ku vy’ingenzi gusa - frigo, amatara, internet, amasoko makeyi - 10–15 kWh akenshi arabipfuka. Nimba uri ku ruhande rw’ubudandaji kandi uriko urabona ivy’ugushavura ku rwego rwo hejuru, amafaranga yawe y’amazi aravuga inkuru: raba amafaranga usaba maze umenye kWh zingahe ukeneye gukaraba ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Raba neza ko inverter yawe na bateri bivuga ururimi rumwe.Ivyo bimeze nk’ivy’ishimikiro, ariko ni ho umubare utangaje w’ibishirwaho ushikirwa n’ingorane. BMS ya bateri ivugana n'umuhinduzi biciye mu masezerano nka CAN bus canke RS485. Iyo zidahuye, inverter ntishobora gusoma neza uko bateri iri, kandi iyo systeme ntizokora nk’uko bikwiye. Sisitemu zacu zishigikira CAN, RS485, na RS232, kandi twasuzumye ko zihuye n'inverter nyinshi zikoreshwa cane - ariko vyama ari vyiza gusuzuma kabiri-umuderi wihariye na verisiyo ya firmware imbere y'uko usaba.
Suzuma ivyemezo.Ku isoko rya Amerika, ushaka kubona UL 1973 na UL 9540 ku rugero rutoyi. UL 9540A ni ikigeragezo co gukwiragira kw’ubushuhe - bamwe mu bakuru b’umuriro bo mu karere bazosaba raporo imbere yo gusinya uruhusha. Ivyo bikoresho vyacu vy’ibikoresho vy’imbere bifise ivyo vyemezo, hamwe n’ivya IEC 62619 na UN38.3 ku bijanye n’ivyoherezwa mu mahanga. Nimba uriko urakorana n’umuntu wo mu karere kawe, bazomenya ivyo ububasha bwawe busaba.
Wiyumvire aho biriko biraja.Uburyo bwo gushiramwo ibintu buraremereye - akazu kuzuye gashobora kuremera ibiro birenga 500. Ivyo ni vyiza ku mfuruka y'igaraje ya beton, ariko hasi y'ibiti-mu nzu zimwe zimwe yoshobora gukenera gukomezwa. Ubushuhe na bwo burahambaye: Utugingo ngengabuzima twa LiFePO4 dukora neza hagati ya degre 15 na degre 35 . Nimba garage yawe ikonja mu rushana canke igateka mu ci, uzoshaka gutegura ivyo. Twubakakwishusha -amahitamwo ya BMS mu bice vyacu vy'ikirere bikanye-kubera iyo mvo nyene.
Gushiramwo: Uko mu vy'ukuri iyo nzira isa
Twama dusaba gukorana n’umuhinga mu vy’amashanyarazi afise uruhusha kandi afise ubumenyi mu bijanye no kubika amabateri. Ivyo bivuzwe, ng’ibi ivyo birimwo kugira ngo umenye ico wokwitega.
- Ubwa mbere, igitanda kirinjira.Ifata hasi canke ku ruhome - ntiyigeze isigara ihagaze. Modules zija zivuye hasi zija hejuru, ivyo bikaba bituma uburemere buguma ari buke kandi n’ibarabara riguma rihagaze neza. Igipande cose kiraremereye cane ku buryo abantu babiri bogifata. Ivyuma vyacu vy’ibarabara n’ibifatanya vyakozwe ku buryo gushiramwo ibintu vy’umubiri bigororotse, ariko ntushaka kwihutisha umuvuduko ku bifatanya n’ibindi.
- Hanyuma igikorwa c’amashanyarazi.Ivyuma bihurizwa hamwe ku gishushanyo c'imiterere - urutonde, bihuye, canke ihuriro bivanye n'umuriro n'ubushobozi. Ivyuma vyose bikeneye kuba DC-rated kandi bifise ubunini bw'amashanyarazi menshi cane y'umurongo n'umurongo w'umutekano. AC-ibice vy'agaciro ntibizokora hano; Amakosa ya DC yigenza mu buryo butandukanye. Umuhinga mu vy’amashanyarazi azoshiramwo kandi igikoresho co guca DC maze ashire hasi iyo systeme ku kode y’aho hantu. Ibisabwa biratandukanye bivanye n’aho umuntu aba, ni co gituma kubaza ubuyobozi bw’aho uba imbere y’uko utangura ni iciyumviro ciza.
- Igikurikira, ni ugushinga.Aho niho umugozi w’itumanaho wa BMS ufatanya n’inverter maze ugatanga ubushobozi kuri vyose ku ncuro ya mbere. Inverter ikwiye gusoma uko umuriro uri, amashanyarazi y’ibihimba vy’umubiri, n’ubushuhe biva kuri BMS ubwo nyene. Iyo ikintu kizimye - ubudasa bwa porogaramu, umuhinduzi wa DIP mu kibanza kitari co - niho yerekana. Turashiramwo uburongozi bwo gukoresha n’imirongo yacu, kandi umugwi wacu w’abafasha mu vy’ubuhinga urashobora gutwara abashiramwo mu nzira bari kure iyo bikenewe. Gukoresha igerageza ry'umuriro wuzuye-mbere yo gukoresha sisitemu ku musi ku musi.
- Ubwa nyuma, ivyemezo.Intara nyinshi zo muri Amerika zisaba uruhusha rw’amashanyarazi kugira ngo umuntu abike amabateri. Uzokenera ivyangombwa vy’icemezo ca UL n’umugambi w’aho uzokorera. Ishirahamwe ryawe rikora ibi, ariko ubaze igihe - kwemererwa bishobora gutwara indwi 2–6 bivanye n'aho uba.
Gutuma Iguma Ikora: Guyibungabunga Ni Bike Ariko Si Zero
Kimwe mu bintu vyiza kuri LiFePO4 ni ukuntu ikeneye kwitwararikwa bike ugereranije n’ubwoko bwa kera bw’amabateri. Nta gutera imbere kw’amazi, nta n’ugushiramwo ivyuma vy’uguringaniza, nta kwiganyira ku bijanye n’ugutera ivyatsi. Ariko gusuzuma ningoga inyuma y’amezi makeyi birafasha cane.
Buri kwezi kwa kane, uha akazu k’ibarabara ikintu kigaragara rimwe-hejuru: amahuzu arekuye (ugusubira inyuma kw’ubushuhe ku bifatanya - bisanzwe ku kimenyetso c’ukwezi kwa 12-), ugusenyuka ku bipande vya bisi, inkungugu mu nzira z’impwemu, ikintu cose kigaragara ko kidakora. Suzuma amakuru ya BMS buri kwezi - nimba hariho igice kigenda kirenga 50 mV kiva ku bindi, ivyo birabereye ko ubiraba. Kandi mugumye mufise firmware iyo dusunika ama versions mashasha; akenshi baranoza ukuri kw'imiterere -y'ibikorwa kandiubuyobozi bw'ibiciro{0}}ugusohokamu buryo butera imbere mu gacerere.
Ibibazo bikunze kwibazwa
Ikibazo: Ni Modules zingahe Nkeneye Kugira Nkore Backup y'Inzu Yose-?
I: Bivana n’ivyo ukoresha ku musi, ariko nk’indongozi y’agahomerabunwa: inzu isanzwe yo muri Amerika ikoresha 30 kWh/umunsi ikeneye nk’35–40 kWh y’ubushobozi bwa bateri y’izina kugira ngo ikoreshe ijoro ryose, iyo umaze gufata mu muzirikanyi uburebure bw’imipaka y’ugusohoka n’ugutakaza ubushobozi bw’inverter. Ivyo akenshi ni amamodule ane gushika ku munani bivanye n’ubushobozi bwihariye buri module.
IKIBAZO: Ni Inverters Izihe Zihuye N’Ivyuma Vyawe Vya Bateri?
I: N’ibindi bikoresho bikomeye vy’ubuhinga bwa none, harimwo Deye, Growatt, Goodwe, SMA, na Victron. Uguhuza bivana n'uguhuza urugero rw'umuriro, amasezerano y'itumanaho, na verisiyo y'umuyagankuba. Turabungabunga urutonde rw'ibihuye vyageragejwe kandi turashobora kwemeza ibihuye vyihariye imbere y'uko ugura - gusa ushikire umuderi wawe w'umuhinduzi maze tuzobigenzura.
Ikibazo: Noshobora kwongerako ubundi bushobozi mu nyuma?
I: Ego - ushobora kwongerako ibice ku gitereko kiriho utahinduye inverter yawe canke ngo usubiremwo amashanyarazi, igihe cose ubushobozi bwose buguma mu rugero rw'inverter.
Ikibazo: Izo Sisitemu Zimara Igihe Kingana Iki?
I: Ivyuma vyacu vya LiFePO4 bigereranywa n’ingendo zirenga 6.000 ku 80% y’uburebure bw’ugusohoka - hafi imyaka 16 y’ingendo ku musi. Ubuzima bw'isi nyakuri-buvana cane cane n'ubushuhe bwo gukoresha n'ingeso zo gutwara ikinga. Sisitemu zigumye mu rugero rwa degre 15–35 zikunda gutera canke kurenga uwo mubare. Ubushuhe buhoraho ni co kintu kinini gituma umuntu asaza, ni co gituma dushimika cane ku bijanye no gutegura umwuka no gutegura ubushuhe mu gihe co gushiramwo.
Ikibazo: Mbega Biratekanye Gushiramwo Mu Nzu?
A: Ego. LiFePO4 irafise ubushuhe bukomeye kuruta ubundi bwose mu bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa litiyumu bigurishwa, n’ubushuhe bushobora guhunga bushika hafi y’ibipimo 270 - n’umutekano munini. Uburyo bwacu bwemejwe na UL 9540 na UL 9540A, kandi burimwo ibicapura DC, uburinzi bw’amashanyarazi arenze urugero, n’umutekano wa BMS w’urugero rwinshi muri buri kiganiro.
Ikibazo: Mbega Amabateri y’Ibarabara Akora Mu Gihe Umuyagankuba Uzimye?
I: Iyo gusa inverter yawe ishigikiye islanding - ubushobozi bwo guca ku ruzitiro no guha amashanyarazi inzu yawe ubwayo. Inverters nyinshi z'imigwi zikora, ariko zimwe zimwe z'uruzitiro-gusa ntizikora. Wemeze ubushobozi bwo gushika ku kirwa imbere y’uko ugura nimba ububiko bw’amazi bugufitiye akamaro.
IKIBAZO: Ni Itandukaniro Irihe Riri Hagati y'Ivyuma Vya 48V N'Ivyuma Vy'Inguvu Zikomeye-?
I: Ku 48V, ubuhinga bwa 10 kW bukwega amps zirenga 200, ivyo bikaba bisaba gukoresha ama cables aremereye kandi azimvye. Ivyuma vyacu vy’umuriro mwinshi- (204.8V–512V) bitanga ubushobozi bumwe ku gace k’umuriro, rero uronka intsinga zitoyi, inguvu nke zitakazwa n’ubushuhe, kandi muri rusangi ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukora urugendo rw’uruziga. Ku bikoresho biri hejuru ya 15 kWh, ukuzigama amafaranga y’amashanyarazi n’inyungu z’ubushobozi bituma umuriro mwinshi-ugira amahitamwo akora.
Ikibazo: Noba Nkeneye Uruhusha Rwo Gushiramwo Bateri y’Ibarabara?
I: Mu bihugu vyinshi vyo muri Amerika, egome. Uzokenera uruhusha rwo gukoresha amashanyarazi, kandi umukuru w’umuriro wo mu karere kawe yoshobora gushaka gusubiramwo raporo y’ikigeragezo ca UL 9540A. Uwushiramwo ibintu vyawe akwiye gukora ivyo kwemerera, ariko witege ko azokwongerako indwi 2–6 ku rutonde rw'igihe. Ntuvyirengagize - uburyo butaremewe burashobora gukuraho ubwishingizi bwa nyen'inzu no gutuma umuntu agira umutwe iyo agurisha.
Ikibazo: Ni gute Sisitemu ya Bateri y’Ibarabara Ikorana n’Ivyuma vy’Izuba?
A: Ni vyiza cane. Uburyo bwo kubika izuba-plus-bubika amasaranganya yo mu gicugu muri bateri maze bukayakoresha ku mugoroba igihe ibiciro vy’uruzitiro bishika ku rwego rwo hejuru, aho kubirungika hanze ku giciro gitoyi c’igiciro c’ubudandaji. MuUbutunzi bw'izuba bufatanijwe n'ububiko bwa baterivyarateye imbere cane mu myaka ibiri iheze, cane cane mu masoko nka California aho ivugurura ry’ubuhinga bwo gupima amafaranga ryagabanyije indishi y’ivyoherezwa hanze.
Ikibazo: Mu vy’ukuri, ivy’ugukingira garanti bisa gute?
I: Turatanga garanti y’imyaka 10 ipfuka utunenge twompi n’ubushobozi bwo kuguma. Ikintu gihambaye n’igarantiya iyo ari yo yose ya bateri ni ugutahura ivyangombwa: DoD nkuru ku nzira, ubushuhe bwo gukoresha, n’imipaka y’ibara ry’ingendo.