Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu za bateri bukora biciye mu bikorwa bihujwe vy’ibice bitatu: igice c’ubuhinga bw’umuyagankuba gihindura kandi kikabika inguvu z’umuyagankuba nk’inguvu z’imiti mu bice vy’amabateri, igice c’uguhindura ubushobozi kigenzura uruja n’uruza hagati y’ububiko bwa DC n’uruzitiro rwa AC, kandi igice c’ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi gishingiye ku gucungera igihe nyaco-ivy'uruzitiro n'ibimenyetso vy'isoko.
Ishirahamwe ry'ubuhinga bw'umuyagankuba: Ingene inguvu zibikwa
Mu mutima w’uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z’amabateri yose y’urugero rw’uruzitiro hariho uburyo bw’ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi bushoboza kubika inguvu. Litiyumu iron phosphate (LFP) na litiyumu nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) ni vyo bikoresho bibiri bikoreshwa cane mu gukoresha inguvu z’amabateri, bifise agaciro kubera ubushobozi bwavyo bwinshi, uburemere bw’inguvu, n’ivyo bisaba gutunganywa bike.
Uburyo bwo kubika bukora biciye mu gusubira inyuma kw’imiti. Mu gihe c’ugushaja, umuyagankuba uratuma iyoni za litiyumu ziva muri cathode zica mu gikoresho citwa electrolyte zija muri anode, aho zibikwa. Gusohora bihindura iyo nzira-iyoni zisubira muri katode, zikarekura ama elegitoroni arema umuyagankuba. Ivyo bishika mu bihumbi vy’ingingo z’umuntu ku giti ciwe zihujwe mu buryo bukurikirana no mu buryo buhuye kugira ngo zishike ku nkomezi n’ubushobozi bisabwa.
Amabateri y’ubudandaji ubu arafise ubushobozi bwo gukora neza kuva kuri 75% gushika kuri 85%, kandi arashobora kwishura ningoga ku mpinduka zikenewe, cane cane mu masegonda canke mu minota. Iyi nzira y’ubushobozi, izwi nka round-trip efficiency, ipima inguvu usubirana ugereranije n’ivyo ushizemwo. Uburyo bwa none bwa litiyumu-ion buhora bushika ku 85-95% y’ubushobozi bwo kugaruka, burengeye kure ubuhinga bwa kera.
Urugero rw’umubiri ni runini cane. Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z’amabateri bufise ubushobozi bwa 50MW mu masaha 4 (ubushobozi bwa 200MWh) burashobora kubika amashanyarazi ahagije yo guha amashanyarazi inzu zigera ku 10.000 mu kiringo c’amasaha ane-. Ivyo bikoresho bifata amahegitare 1-3 kandi birimwo amajana y’ibice vy’amabateri bishizwe mu bikoresho vyo gutwara ibintu bishobora gushikirwa n’ibihe canke mu bibanza vyubatswe ku ntumbero.
Guhindura ubushobozi: Guhuza ububiko bwa DC n'amabarabara ya AC
Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z’amabateri ku rugero rw’uruzitiro bubika inguvu nk’umuriro utaziguye (DC), ariko uruzitiro rw’umuyagankuba rukoresha umuriro uhinduka (AC). Uburyo bwo guhindura ubushobozi (PCS) bukora nk’inzira y’agaciro, bugacungera uguhindura kw’inzira zibiri hagati y’izo nzira zibiri.
Ivyuma vya PCS vy’ubu birakora neza-kenshi hafi 95–98%, n’imiterere myinshi ikoresha inverters zibiri ku buryo gucapura no gukuraho bishika biciye ku gikoresho kimwe. Mu gihe co gucapura, PCS ihindura ubushobozi bwa AC buva ku ruzitiro bukaba DC kugira ngo bubemwo ububiko bwa bateri. Mu gihe c’ugusohoka, ihindura DC yabitswe igasubira muri AC ku nkomezi n’incuro zibereye kugira ngo zihure n’ibisabwa n’uruzitiro.
Ubuhinga buteye igomwe burarenga uguhinduka kworoshe. Ivyuma vya PCS biteye imbere bitanga ugutunganya incuro n’ugufasha umuriro-ibikorwa vya kera bitangwa n’ibikoresho bizunguruka mu bikoresho bisanzwe vy’amashanyarazi. Kuva mu mwaka w’2024, HPR ni yo bateri nini kuruta izindi muri Australiya ifise ubushobozi bwo gukora uruzitiro-, yerekana ko ubu amabateri ashobora gutanga ibikorwa vy’ugushikama nk’amageneratore ya kera.
Ukwihuta kw’inyishu kugereranya ikintu gihambaye gitandukanya. BESS irashobora gucapura canke gukuraho umuriro vyihuta mu gace k’isegonda, vyihuta kuruta umuyagankuba uwo ari wo wose usanzwe; irafise igihe co gusubiza c’amamilisegonda, ugereranyije n’iminota y’umuyagankuba w’umuyagankuba canke w’umwotsi. Ubwo bushobozi bwo kwishura ningoga buratuma amabateri ashobora guhagarika ibihungabanya incuro imbere y’uko bitera ingorane nini kuruta.
Ubwenge: Gutuma ibintu bigenda neza no kugenzura
Uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri (BMS) bukora nk’ubwonko bukora, bukaguma bugenzura no gucunga ingingo ngenderwako ibihumbi n’ibihumbi. BMS ikora vyose kugira ngo igice ca bateri gikore neza mu kugenzura umuriro, umuriro, n’ubushuhe kandi kigereranya uko gifise umuriro (SoC) n’ingene gifise ubuzima (SoH) kugira ngo ntihagire ingorane zishobora guterwa n’umutekano kandi kibe gikora neza kandi gikora neza.
Ugushiramwo uburinganire bw’ingingo ngenderwako bigereranya kimwe mu bikorwa bihambaye cane vya BMS. Utugingo ngengabuzima tumwetumwe turi muri bateri turatandukana ata kabuza mu rugero rw’inguvu zavyo kubera ukuntu dukora be n’ingene dukoreshwa. Hatagize ico ukora, utugingo ngengabuzima dugoyagoya turasenyuka ningoga, bikagabanya ubushobozi bwa sisitemu. BMS irasubira gutanga umuriro kugira ngo ingingo zose zigume ziri ku rugero rubereye, ivyo bikaba bituma ubuzima bwose bumara igihe kirekire.
Hejuru ya BMS hariho uburyo bwo gucunga inguvu (EMS), bufata ingingo zo ku rwego rwo hejuru-ku bijanye n’igihe n’ingene bateri izokoreshwa. EMS ihuriza hamwe amakuru menshi: ibiciro vy’amashanyarazi mu gihe nyaco-, ubuhanuzi bw’ikirere bugira ico bukoze ku buhinga bushobora gusubirwamwo, ingero z’incuro z’uruzitiro, n’imirongo y’ivyo bisabwa. Hashingiwe kuri iyo nseguro, igena urutonde rwiza rwo gucapura no gusohora.
Porogaramu yo gutuma ibintu bigenda neza isesangura amakuru mu gihe nyaco-kugira ngo imenye igikorwa ciza-nk'igihe n'ingene yoshaja no gukuraho igihe cose. Ivyo bica bigorana cane iyo urutonde rukurikirana imigende myinshi y’agaciro icarimwe-kumbure rutanga amategeko y’incuro mu gihe kandi rutuma habaho uburyo bwiza bwo gutorera umuti inguvu no gutegura ivyiza bishobora gukenerwa.
Ivy'ukuri-Ibikorwa vy'Isi: Icigwa ca Hornsdale
Igisagara ca Hornsdale co muri Ostraliya yo mu Bumanuko kirerekana izo ngingo ngenderwako ku rugero runini. Iryo koraniro rifise ubushobozi bwa 150 MW / 194 MWh hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bwa bateri ya Tesla Powerpack lithium-ion, kandi rishobora gusohoka mu gihe ryuzuye mu kiringo c’isaha irenga, naho nyene igikorwa gisanzwe gisaba gukoresha amagare mu buryo bubereye.
Inyishu iyo sisitemu itanga mu gihe c’ivyihutirwa vy’uruzitiro yerekana ubushobozi bwayo. Ku wa 14 Kigarama 2017, igihe umuyagankuba w’amakara wa Loy Yang A watsitara bituma umuyagankuba utakaza bukwi na bukwi 560 MW, umuyagankuba wa Hornsdale waratanze 7,3 MW ku ruzitiro mu masegonda makeyi kuko incuro zagabanutse zishika kuri 49,8 Hz, bifasha guhagarika umuyagankuba imbere y’uko umuyagankuba ushobora guhagarara buhoro. Iryo nyishu ry’amamilisegonda 100 ryarabujije ivyo vyari gushobora kuba ari uguzima kw’umuco.
Ingaruka z’ubutunzi zari nyinshi cane. Inyuma y’amezi atandatu ikora, Hornsdale Power Reserve yari ishinzwe 55% vy’ibikorwa vyo kugenzura incuro n’ibikorwa vy’inyongera muri Australiya y’Epfo, iyo bateri ikaronka amadolari agera ku miliyoni 18 z’Amerika ku mwaka. Mu buryo bwagutse, mu mwaka w’2019, ibiciro vy’uruja n’uruza vyagabanutse n’amadolari 116 miliyoni kubera ibikorwa vya HPR, hafi amafaranga yose yazigamye yava mu masoko y’imirongo n’ibindi bikoresho aho HPR yagabanyije ibiciro n’ibice 91% kuva ku madolari 470/MWh gushika ku madolari 40/MWh.
Uburyo bwo gukora n'ibikorwa vy'uruzitiro
Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z'amabateri bukora mu buryo butandukanye, kenshi buhinduranya hagati yavyo bishingiye ku bikenewe n'ibimenyetso vy'ubutunzi.
Ubukemurampaka bw'inguvubirimwo gucapura iyo umuyagankuba uri make (mu bisanzwe ku muhingamo igihe izuba rikora cane) no gukuraho umuriro igihe ibiciro biri hejuru (ugusaba umuyagankuba ku mugoroba). Kubera ko ibiciro vy’amashanyarazi bitagira umurongo, ibiciro biva ku gushaja ni bito cane kuruta ibiciro biva ku gukura iyo ubusabe buri hejuru, bikaba bituma ibiciro bigabanywa mw’isoko ryose-. Iryo tandukaniro ry’igiciro rishobora kuba rikomeye-amabateri mu masoko amwe amwe yagurishije amashanyarazi ku madolari 14.000/MWh mu bihe vy’ubukene bukomeye.
Itegeko ry'incuroigumya ugushikama kw’uruzitiro mu gukomeza guhindura igisohoka kugira ngo incuro zigume mu rwego rwo kwihanganira (mu bisanzwe 60 Hz ±0.1 Hz muri Amerika). Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none ni ibikoresho bihuye n’incuro z’uruzitiro kandi bikoreshwa mu gucungera ubusumbasumbane butari bwitezwe mu gutanga n’ugusaba, bikaba bikora nk’umugezi nyamukuru w’amahera y’amabateri ari ku ruzitiro.
Isonga ryo kwogoshaigabanya amafaranga menshi asabwa mu gusohora mu bihe vy'ugukoresha vyinshi-. Abaguzi b’ubudandaji n’inganda barahura n’amahera basaba ashingiye ku minota 15{3}}y’amashanyarazi bakoresha buri kwezi-amabateri arashobora kugabanya cane ivyo bihembo mu gutanga amashanyarazi mu bihe vy’ijoro.
Gukomeza gusubirwamwon’ububiko bubiri n’ibikoresho vy’izuba canke vy’umuyaga kugira ngo bihe ubushobozi n’igihe ubutunzi bw’ibidukikije butaboneka. Ivyiyumviro vyinshi vy'amabateri vy'ubu bikoreshwa mu gutanga amasaha 2, 4, canke 6 y'umuyagankuba ku bushobozi bwavyo, n'igihe gibereye ku bikorwa vyihariye.
Inzinguzingu zo gushaja no gusohora: Ibisobanuro vy'ubuhinga
Igikorwa kijanye n'ugukuraho umuriro-kirimwo uburyo bwo gucungera neza kugira ngo ubuzima bwa bateri n'umutekano bibe vyinshi. Ivyiyumviro vyinshi ku mirongo ya ESS ku bijanye n’iherezo ry’ubuzima bivana n’ingwati-ingendo zijanye n’ivyo-ingene igikorwa cabaye mw’idirisha ryakozwe biciye ku nzitizi z’ubushuhe, ibipimo vya C-, uburebure bw’ugusohoka, n’ibihe vyo kuruhuka.
C-igiciroidondora ingene bateri yihuta gucagura canke gucapura ugereranije n’ubushobozi bwayo. Igitigiri ca 1C bisigura gucagura canke gukuraho umuriro wose mw’isaha imwe; 0.5C bifata amasaha abiri. Ivyiyumviro vyinshi vya C-bituma umuntu ashobora gusubiza vuba ariko bikazana ubushuhe bwinshi kandi bikazana ukubora vyihuta. Uburyo bw'urugero rw'uruzitiro-busanzwe bukora kuri 0.25C gushika kuri 1C, bugahuza ubushobozi n'ubuzima buramba.
Uburebure bw'amazi asohoka (DoD)ipima ingene ubushobozi bwa bateri bukoreshwa mu nzira imwe imwe. Bateri ivuye kuri 100% gushika kuri 20% igira 80% DoD. Ubuzima bw’ingendo-umubare w’incuro bateri ishobora gushaja no gusohoka imbere y’uko ibura-kenshi igira ico ikoze ku burebure bw’ugusohoka, nk’akarorero, inzinguzingu igihumbi ku DoD ya 80%. Inzinguzingu zitari nyinshi cane zituma umuntu amara igihe kirekire, mu gihe inzinguzingu zitari kure cane zitanga ubushobozi bwo gukoreshwa cane.
Gucungera ubushuhe ni ikintu gihambaye cane. Bateri zikora neza cane kandi zitekanye mu bipimo vy’ubushuhe bumwe bumwe (mu bisanzwe 15-35℃ku litiyumu-ion). Uburyo bwo gucunga ubushuhe burazunguruka amazi akonjesha canke bukoresha uburyo bwo gucungera ubushuhe kugira ngo ubushuhe bube bwiza, kuko ubushuhe burengeje urugero bwihuta kwonona kandi bugatera ingorane ku mutekano.
Ukwiyongera kw'isoko n'iterambere ry'akazoza
Uruganda rw’ububiko bw’inguvu z’amabateri ruriko ruratera imbere cane. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ubushobozi bwo kubika amabateri y’ubuhinga bwa none bwarengeye gigawatts 26 (GW) mu 2024, abakoresha bongeyeko 10.4 GW y’ubushobozi bushasha bwo kubika amabateri muri uwo mwaka, bikaba vyatumye iba iya kabiri-ubushobozi buhambaye bwo gutanga amabateri inyuma y’izuba.
Ivyiyumviro vyerekana ko ivyo kwihutisha gushirwaho. Mu mwaka w’2025, iterambere ry’ubushobozi buva ku kubika amabateri ryoshobora gushinga urugero nk’uko abakoresha bavuga ko bateguye kwongerako 19.6 GW z’ububiko bw’amabateri ku rugero rw’ubuhinga. Ivyo bigereranya 66% vy’ukwiyongera kw’umwaka-ku -umwaka, bivuye ku kugwa kw’ibiciro no ku kwiyongera kw’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo.
Isoko ry’ububiko bw’amabateri ry’urugero rwa grid-rw’isi yose ryari rigereranywa n’amadolari 10.69 miliyaridi mu 2024 kandi ritegerezwa gushika ku madolari 43.97 miliyaridi mu 2030, rizokura ku CAGR ya 27.0%. Iterambere ry’ubuhinga rirabandanya gutuma habaho ukwo kwaguka, aho ibiciro vy’amabateri ya litiyumu-ion vyagabanutse 99% kuva mu 1990, kandi hafi 80% mu myaka 10 iheze gusa.
Ingorane n'imiti y'imikorere
Naho hariho iterambere ryihuta, ugushiraho uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z’amabateri ku rugero rw’uruzitiro birahura n’intambamyi nyinshi zo gukora. Hagati y’umwaka wa 2017 n’uwa 2019 muri Koreya y’Epfo gusa, hari haciye haba impanuka 28 z’umuriro, bituma ama ESS 522 ahagarara inyuma y’isuzuma ry’amategeko, ivyo bikaba bigereranya hafi 35% vy’ama ESS yose yashizweho. Ivyo bintu, naho bidakunze kubaho kubera ubuhinga ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bwakoreshejwe, vyatumye habaho iterambere mu bijanye n’uburyo bwo kwirinda no gucunga ubushuhe.
Ivyo kuronka ibikoresho biratanga ikindi kintu gihangayikishije. Ibiciro vyinshi vy’intango n’ugukomeza kubibungabunga birashobora kuba bibujijwe, kwizigira ibikoresho nka litiyumu na kobalti bifise ibiciro bihinduka kandi bikaba bishobora kuboneka bike. Ariko rero, iyo nganda iriko iravyishura mu gutegura ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha imiti-amabateri y’isodium-ion, amabateri y’icuma{4}}y’umuyaga, n’imiterere ya LFP iteye imbere igabanya canke ikuraho ukuvyifatamwo na cobalt.
Gutuma amafaranga yinjira agenda neza biracari bigoye. Ikindi kintu kiranga ubuhinga bwo gutuma ibintu bigenda neza mu bihe vyinshi -bizana ingorane ni uko amabateri ashobora gutumwa kugira ngo akoreshe ibiciro biri hejuru y’ibiciro vyayo kugira ngo akoreshe iyo ibiciro vy’impanuro vyinshi mu bihe bizoza vyerekana ko inguvu zishobora kugurishwa ku ruzitiro ku nyungu. Ivyo bisaba ubushobozi bwo gutegekanya imbere y'igihe n'ubushobozi bwo gufata ingingo mu gihe nyaco-atari abakoresha bose bafise.
Ibibazo bikunze kwibazwa
Bateri y'urugero rw'uruzitiro-ishobora kubika inguvu igihe kingana iki?
Bateri nyinshi z'urugero rwa grid-zishobora kubika inguvu amasaha n'imisi, bivanye n'ubushobozi bwazo. Uburyo busanzwe bugereranywa ko bushobora gutanga amasaha 2, 4 canke 6 y’umuyagankuba ku bushobozi bwabwo bugereranywa. Igihe co kubika kigenwa mu kugabanya ubushobozi bw’inguvu (MWh) n’ubushobozi bw’inguvu (MW). Ubuhinga bwa 100 MW/400 MWh burashobora gutanga ubushobozi bwose mu masaha 4 canke ubushobozi bukeyi mu kiringo kirekire.
Ni gute bateri y’uruzitiro ishobora kwishura ningoga iyo hari ibintu vyihutirwa vy’uruzitiro?
Amabateri y'uruzitiro yishura mu milisegonda, vyihuta cane kurusha amahinguriro asanzwe. BESS irashobora gucapura canke gusohora umuriro vyihuta mu gace k’isegonda, vyihuta kuruta umuyagankuba uwo ari wo wose usanzwe, kandi igihe co gusubiza kikaba ari amamilisegonda makeyi ugereranyije n’iminota y’ibikoresho bikoresha gazi canke umwotsi. Ivyo bisubizo vyihuta bituma biba vyiza cane mu gutegeka incuro no mu gufasha uruzitiro rw’ivyihutirwa.
None amabateri y’uruzitiro aba iyo arangije ubuzima?
Bateri z'uruzitiro ziguma zifise 70-80% vy'ubushobozi bwazo bwa mbere iyo ziheze, ivyo bikaba bishika inyuma y'imyaka 10-20 bivanye n'ingene zikoreshwa. Bateri zitagihuye n’ingingo ngenderwako zo gukoreshwa mu modoka ikoresha umuyagankuba zishobora kuguma zifise ubushobozi bushika kuri 80%, kandi gusubira gukoresha amabateri y’umuyagankuba yakoreshejwe vyoshobora gutanga agaciro kanini ku isoko ryo kubika inguvu ku rugero rw’uruzitiro. Ibikoresho vy’ubuzima bwa kabiri biragwiza akamaro kavyo imbere y’uko amaherezo bisubirwamwo.
None amabateri y’uruzitiro akora gute amahera?
Amabateri y'uruzitiro atanga inyungu biciye mu migende myinshi. Imfunguruzo zibiri zo kubungabunga inyungu y’umugambi ni ugushiramwo amabateri no gutuma amabateri agenda neza, aho amabateri afata inguvu zidahenda-, zidafise carbone-akazirungika iyo ibiciro biri hejuru cane. Inkomoko z’intango z’amahera zirimwo ubukemurampaka bw’inguvu (ugugura hasi, kugurisha hejuru), ibikorwa vyo gutegeka incuro, kwishura ubushobozi, no kugabanya amafaranga y’ugusaba ku bibanza biri hamwe.
Mbega amabateri y’uruzitiro yoshobora gusubirira burundu amahinguriro y’amashanyarazi akoresha amakara y’ibisigazwa?
Si vyose, n’imiburiburi ntibirashika. Ubutunzi bworoshe bwerekana ko LIBs zidashobora gukoreshwa mu kubika inguvu z’ibihe-amabateri afise agaciro k’amadolari y’Amerika 200 trillions (10× GDP y’Amerika mu 2020) yoshobora gutanga gusa 1000 TWh z’ububiko. Bateri ziriho ubu ziraruta ayandi mu masaha-kugeza-iminsi yo kubika n’ibikorwa vy’ugusubiza vyihuta, ariko ububiko bumara igihe kirekire-(amayinga gushika ku mezi) busaba ubuhinga bundi nk’amazi apompa canke inyishu zishasha nk’ububiko bw’amazi canke amabateri ateye imbere.
Ni gute ukubora kwa bateri gucungirwa mu gihe c’ugukora?
Uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri burakurikirana kandi bukagenzura ibintu bitera kwonona. Ivyemezo ku mirongo ya ESS ku bijanye n’iherezo ry’ubuzima bivana n’ukubahiriza ivyemezo-ibijanye n’ingendo-ingene igikorwa cakozwe mw’idirisha ryakozwe biciye ku nzitizi z’ubushuhe, ibiciro vya C-, uburebure bw’ugusohoka n’ibihe vyo kuruhuka. Abakoresha baratunganya neza ingamba zo gutwara amagare, bagacungera ubushuhe, kandi bakirinda ibihe vy’ugushaja cane kugira ngo bashobore kumara igihe kirekire, akenshi bagashimika ku bushobozi busigaye bwa 80% inyuma y’ingendo 10.000-20.000.
Iciyumviro
Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z’amabateri ku rugero rw’uruzitiro bugereranya ihinduka ry’ishimikiro mu buryo uruzitiro rw’amashanyarazi rukora. Biciye ku gushiramwo ubuhinga buhambaye bwo kubika ibintu bikoreshwa n’amashanyarazi, ubuhinga bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi be n’uburyo bwo kugenzura bufise ubwenge, ivyo bikoresho biratanga ibikorwa mbere vyari bidashoboka canke vyasaba imashini zizunguruka zipima amatoni ibihumbi n’ibihumbi.
Ico kigereranyo c’imikorere y’ibice bitatu-uguhindura ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi, gucunga ubushobozi, no gutuma ibintu bigenda neza mu buryo bw’ubwenge-bishoboza guhagarara neza kw’uruzitiro rw’inyishu mu milisegonda-, amasaha -guhindura inguvu, n’ugutuma ubutunzi bugenda neza mu gihe nyaco-. Uko ibiciro bikomeza kugabanuka kandi n’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo zigakomeza kwiyongera, izo nzira ziriko zirahinduka zikava ku bikorwa vy’agaciro zija ku bikorwa remezo vy’ingenzi vy’uruja n’uruza.
Iryo koraniro riracari n’ingorane zijanye n’imipaka y’igihe, uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho, n’umutekano w’umuriro. Yamara rero, inzira iratomoye: ivyo bikoresho biriko biragwira incuro zibiri inyuma y’imyaka mikeyi, ibiciro biragabanuka cane, kandi ubushobozi bwo gukora burabandanya kwaguka. Bateri z'amashanyarazi ntizibika gusa inguvu-ziriko zirahindura ingene amashanyarazi agira uburinganire mu gutanga n'ugusaba mu gihe nyaco.