Isoko ry’uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z’amabateri rikura biciye mu nguvu zitatu zihuye: ugukura kw’ubuhinga butuma ibiciro bigabanywa, inkurikizi z’ubutunzi zivuye mu bikenewe vyo gushiramwo inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo, n’inzego z’amategeko zituma habaho ukudakeka kw’ivyo umuntu asaba. Izo nguvu zikora mu nzira yo gukomeza aho ukugabanya ibiciro bituma habaho ugushiraho ibikorwa vyinshi, ivyo bikaba bituma habaho ubuhinga bushasha kandi bikakwegera infashanyo ikomeye y’ingingo mfatirwako.
Ivyitegererezo vy'ukukura kwa moteri bitatu-
Gutahura ukwaguka kw’isoko ry’uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z’amabateri bisaba kurenga ibiharuro vyoroshe kugira ngo usuzume uburyo bushingiyeko. Isoko ntirikura mu buryo bujanye n'umurongo-rihuta biciye mu nzira z'ibisubizo hagati y'ubuhinga, ubutunzi, n'amategeko.
Moteri y'ubuhinga:Ibiciro vya bateri vyagabanutse 20% mu mwaka w’2024 gusa, bishika ku madolari 115 ku kilowatt{3}}isaha nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwa BloombergNEF buvyerekana. Ivyo ntivyari ugutera imbere buhoro buhoro ahubwo vyari bivuye ku bushobozi burengeje urugero bwo gukora ibintu mu Bushinwa no kugabanya ibiciro vy’ibikoresho. Ubu ubuhinga bwa litiyumu iron phosphate (LFP) buraganza 80% vy’ibikoresho bishasha vy’ubuhinga-, bugasubirira nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) kubera ubushuhe bwiza n’ibiciro vy’ibikoresho bike.
Inguvu zikoreshwa mu bikoresho-zavuye kuri 500 kWh mu 2018 zishika kuri 8 MWh mu 2024, ivyo bikaba vyahinduye cane ubutunzi bw’umugambi. Ivyombo binini bisigura ibice bike ku kibanza, bikagabanya uburinganire-bw'-ibiciro vya sisitemu n'ugushiraho bigoranye.
Moteri y'ubutunzi:Ico ciyumviro c’agaciro carahindutse igihe ububiko bw’amabateri bwatangura guhangana n’ibigo bikora gaze kavukire. Muri California na Texas, amabateri y’amasaha ane-ubu aratanga ubushobozi bwo ku mugoroba ku rugero rungana n’urw’ibisigazwa vy’ibintu vya kera. Ivyo ntibikiri ivy'uguhitamwo ibidukikije-ni ubutunzi butagira agasembwa.
Amasezerano yo kugura amashanyarazi y’izuba-plus-yo kubika muri Australiya na Shili yerekana ko igiciro kingana n’ivyo gukoresha amashanyarazi asanzwe. Iryo joro ry’ubukemurampaka hagati y’umusesekara w’izuba wo ku manywa n’isonga ry’ivyo umuntu asaba ku mugoroba rituma habaho amafaranga yinjira atariho ubu hakaba haciye imyaka itanu.
Moteri y'amategeko:Itegeko ry’Amerika ryo kugabanya inflation ryashizeho amafaranga y’imisoro y’ububiko bwigenga afise agaciro ka 30-50% k’amahera y’umugambi, bikuraho igisabwa mbere co gufatanya amabateri n’izuba. Iryo hinduka rimwe ry’ingingo ngenderwako ryatumye haba umupfunda w’imigambi yo kubika ububiko bw’abacuruzi yatumye habaho incuro zibiri umurongo w’iterambere.
Amategeko y’Ubushinwa y’ugukorana n’ibindi bikoresho bishobora gusubirwamwo asaba ko imigambi mishasha y’izuba n’umuyaga igira ubushobozi bwo kubika 10-20%. Ubwo buryo bwo gutegeka bwaciye butera ubwo nyene ugushaka amasaha y’ubushobozi bwo kubika ibintu.
Ivyitegererezo vy'ukwihutisha
Isoko ry’ububiko bw’inguvu z’amabateri ryashitse kuri 205 GWh mu bikorwa vyo kw’isi yose mu mwaka w’2024, ni ukuvuga ko hariho ukwiyongera kw’ibice 53% ugereranije n’umwaka w’2023.
Urugero rw’umugambi ruriko ruragwira cane. Mu mwaka w’2024, imigambi 17 irenga GWh 1 yaratanguye gukora kw’isi yose-ugereranyije n’imigambi 4 gusa nk’iyo mu mwaka w’2023.
Ivyitegererezo vy’akarere biratandukanye cane. Ubushinwa bwashizeho 36 GW mu 2024, buguma mu kibanza cabwo c’igice c’isoko ry’isi yose. Amerika yongeyeko 13 GW, Texas yonyene ikaba ifise hafi 6,5 GW. Uburayi bwakoresheje 10 GW, Ubudage bukaba ari bwo burongoye mu gushiramwo amashanyarazi ku migabane.
Igihe umugambi umara kiriko kirashika mu turere twose. Imigambi ya Amerika yamaze amasaha arenga 3 mu 2024, ikaba yari munsi y’amasaha 2 mu 2020. Imigambi y’i Buraya yajabutse amasaha 2 ku ncuro ya mbere. Iryo hinduka ryerekana ko ibiciro bigabanuka be n’ihinduka ry’imiterere y’isoko rihemba ubushobozi bwo gusohora amazi igihe kirekire.
Imigambi yo muri Texas imara amasaha 1.7 mu gihe imigambi yo muri California yegera amasaha 4-itandukaniro riterwa gusa n’imiterere y’isoko n’ivyo uruzitiro rukeneye. Texas ikoresha isoko ry’inguvu-gusa rifise ibiciro bihinduka bihemba inyishu yihuta, mu gihe amasoko y’ubushobozi n’ibisabwa vy’ubutunzi bihagije vya California bikunda igihe kirekire.
Itegeko ryo gusubiramwo ubufatanye
Abakoresha amashanyarazi barafise ingorane y’ishimikiro: uburyo izuba n’umuyaga bakoresha amashanyarazi ntibihuye n’ingene amashanyarazi asabwa. California ihora ibona ibiciro bibi vy’ubudandaji mu gihe c’isonga ry’izuba ryo mu gicugu, ikurikirwa n’ibihe vy’isonga vy’izuba ku mugoroba uko umusaruro w’izuba ugabanuka kandi n’ugusaba kwiyongera.
Ububiko bwa bateri buratorera umuti iyo ntambara y’igihe. Mu mwaka w’2024, amabateri yo muri California yarashaja ku rugero rugereranya 14,7% vy’umuzigo wose w’umurongo mu masaha-ahera kuva kuri 10 gushika kuri 13. Yaciye asohora izo nguvu mu gihe c’isonga ry’umugoroba igihe ibiciro vyiyongera.
Ibi si ivy'imbere -birakora uno musi. Amakuru y'umukoresha wa sisitemu yigenga muri California yerekana amabateri atanga uburyo bwo gucungera incuro, gufasha umuriro, n'ubushobozi mu masaha akomeye. Ubushuhe bwo muri Nzero 2024 bwatumye ububiko bw’amabateri butanga 6,6 GW mu gihe c’ugusaba cane, bikaba vyabujije ukuzimya kw’amashanyarazi kwari kubayeho iyo ata bushobozi bwo kubika.
Ubutunzi burakora kubera ko ugugabanya ibintu bishobora gusubirwamwo bigereranya agaciro kapfuye. Aho kugabanya inguvu zikoreshwa n’izuba igihe ingufu zikoreshwa zirengeye ivyo zikenewe, amabateri arafata izo nguvu kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu nyuma. Imigambi yo mu turere dufise ubushobozi bwo gusubira gukoreshwa cane ishobora gushika ku nyungu 10-15% biciye mu gukoresha inguvu gusa.
Urugero rw'uguhingura n'ugutanga
Isoko ry’ububiko bw’inguvu z’amabateri ryarateye imbere cane mu myaka itatu iheze, ivyo bikaba vyatumye habaho ivy’ugutanga ingufu zirengeje urugero muri iki gihe bituma ibiciro bigabanuka.
Ubushobozi bw’Ubushinwa bwo gukora amabateri LFP burarengeye ivyo isi yose isaba n’ibice nka 40%. Ubwo bushobozi burenze urugero bwavuye mu kwubaka cane kwa CATL, BYD, EVE Energy, n’abahinguzi batobato amajana n’amajana. Intambara y’ibiciro yatumye ibiciro vy’ibikoresho bishika munsi y’amadolari 100/kWh mu migenderanire imwe imwe y’amasoko y’Abashinwa.
Abahinguzi bo mu Burengero bararwanye n’inguvu zitandukanye. Amashirahamwe menshi akomeye yo muri Amerika no mu Buraya akora amabateri yarahevye umutungo mu 2024, ntiyashobora guhangana n’ibiciro vyo muri Aziya mu gihe yubaka ibikorwa vyo mu gihugu. Itegeko ryo kugabanya inflation risaba ibirimwo mu gihugu vyatumye habaho uguhuzagurika hagati yo gutuma ibiciro bigenda neza no gutuma uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho ruja mu karere.
CATL yagumye mu kibanza cayo co kuba umuhinga mu gutanga ama cells kw’isi yose, ikurikirwa na EVE Energy yaciye imbere ya BYD ku kibanza ca kabiri. Izo sosiyete zitatu zifise ibice birenga 60% vy’amabateri yoherezwa ku rugero rw’uruzitiro-.
Ibikorwa vya kabiri-ubuzima bwa bateri biriko biraseruka nk'igice c'isoko. Uburyo bwa Porsche bwo kubika inguvu 5 MW ku ruganda rwayo rwo muri Leipzig bukoresha amabateri 4.400 ava mu modoka za Taycan za kera, vyerekana ingene amabateri ya EV ashobora gutera imbere mu bikorwa vyo kubika inguvu zidahinduka.
Ubwubatsi bw'Itegeko n'Isoko
Politike ya Leta ntishigikira gusa iterambere ry'isoko ry'ububiko bw'inguvu z'amabateri-ariko mu vy'ukuri irema amasoko biciye mu mategeko y'amasoko n'uburyo bwo kuronka amafaranga.
California igihe kirekire-ububiko busaba ubushobozi bwa 2 GW. Isoko ry’amashanyarazi ry’Ubushinwa rishaka 16 GWh. Koreya y’Epfo yatanze 540 MW/3.240 MWh mu migambi myinshi. Ivyo si ibivugwa mw'isoko-ni ivyifuzo vyemewe.
Igikoresho c'amategeko kiratandukanye hakurikijwe akarere:
Ivyimburwa vy’imisoro n’infashanyo:Inguzanyo y’Ikori ry’Ishoramari ry’Amerika, umugambi w’Ubuhindi wo Gufasha mu Buhindi n’amadolari 96 miliyoni ku MWh 1.000
Ibisabwa n'ubushobozi:Ubushinwa bushobora gusubira gufatanya ibisabwa, amategeko y'ubutunzi buhagije bwa California
Ivugurura ry'isoko:Itegeko rya FERC 841 rishoboza ububiko kugira uruhara mu masoko y'ubudandaji
Uruzitiro rwo guhuza imbere:Gukurikirana vuba -uguhuza imigambi y'ububiko mu masoko amwe amwe y'i Buraya
Ubuhinde bwemeje umugambi ugamije 4.000 MWh z’imigambi ya BESS mu mwaka w’2031. Igisata c’Inguvu ca Amerika co kubika igihe kirekire kigamije kugabanya 90% mu mwaka w’2030 ku mirongo itanga amasaha 10+ yo kubika.
Izo ngingo zituma habaho ukudakeka kw’ishoramari. Abahinguzi barashobora kuronka amafaranga ashingiye ku ngingo ngenderwako-ishingiye ku migenderanire y'inyungu aho gushingira ku ngorane z'abacuruzi.
Iterambere ry'ubuhinga n'imipaka y'ibikorwa
Ububasha bwa litiyumu-ion ntiburiko burahera, ariko ubuhinga buragenda burahinduka.
LFP chemistry yafashe 40% vy’ugurisha EV na 80% vy’uburyo bushasha bwo kubika amabateri mu 2024, nk’uko bigaragara mu makuru y’Ishirahamwe Mpuzamakungu ry’Inguvu. Uguhinduka kuva kuri NMC gushika kuri LFP vyerekana inyungu z’ibiciro n’ibiranga umutekano vyiza. Inguvu ziri hasi za LFP zirahambaye cane ku bikorwa bihagaze kuruta ku binyabiziga.
Ivyuma vy'ububiko bw'inguvu vy'igihe kirekire-biriko biratera imbere birenze igice c'igerageza. Ivyuma-vy'umuyaga vya Form Energy vyarangije igerageza ry'umutekano vyerekana ko bitagwa mu nzira y'ubushuhe mu bihe bikomeye cane. Ivyo bituma umuntu ashobora gushiramwo ata nzitizi zishobora gukingira umuriro, ivyo bikaba vyongera amahera ku migambi isanzwe y’ivyuma vyitwa litiyumu.
Energy Dome yasinye amasezerano na Engie y’ubuhinga bwa 20 MW/200 MWh muri Sardinia-bivugwa ko ari ryo masezerano ya mbere y’ubudandaji y’ubuhinga bwo kubika amasaha 10 hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bushingiye kuri CO2. Bateri zikoreshwa n’amazi zabonye ugukoreshwa kwiyongera kw’ibice 300% mu 2024, zishika kuri 2.3 GWh kw’isi yose.
Bateri za sodium-ion zateye imbere buhoro cane, hashizweho ubushobozi buri munsi ya 200 MWh naho hariho ibintu vyinshi vyatangujwe. Igiciro ca LFP kiriho ubu ($66/kWh ku bibanza vy’amabateri hamwe n’uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi mu masoko amwe amwe y’Abashinwa) gisiga umwanya mutoyi kugira ngo sodium-ion ishobore guhangana n’igiciro gusa.
Ubwinshi bw'ingingo bukomeza gusunika uburemere bw'inguvu hejuru. Ivyuma vya LFP vyo kubika ibintu bihoraho ubu birashika ku bushobozi bwa 314 Ah, bikaba bishoboza ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi 8 MWh biriko biraba ibisanzwe mu migambi y’ubuhinga-.
Ugushiramwo uruzitiro n'ukuri kw'imikorere
Mu vy’ukuri gufatanya no gukoresha imigambi y’amabateri birazana ingorane amasoko akenshi yirengagiza.
Imirongo y’uguhuza amabarabara mu masoko akomeye ipimwa mu myaka, atari mu mezi. Umugambi wo kwongera ubushobozi mu 2024 ushobora kuba wararonse amasezerano yo guhuza mu 2021, winjira mu murongo mu 2017-2018. Guhagarika uruhererekane rw’ugutanga ibikoresho muri ico kiringo vyatumye haba ingorane z’amahera n’igihe.
Amasoko y’amategeko agenga incuro atanga uburyo bubereye ku bushobozi bwa bateri. Igihe co gusubiza vyihuta-sub-isegonda mu bihe vyinshi-bituma amabateri ashobora guhagarika incuro z'uruzitiro neza kurusha amageneratore y'ubushuhe asaba iminota kugira ngo atere imbere. Amakuru y’abakoresha ubuhinga bwigenga muri California yerekana amabateri atanga ibikorwa vy’inyongera bifise agaciro k’amadolari 150-300 ku mwaka wa kW.
Inshingano z’uguhabwa ubutunzi zisaba ko amabateri atanga ubushobozi bwayo bwose bwo kuduga mu masoko y’ubudandaji. Ivyo bisabwa "must-offer" bihingura ingamba z'ibikorwa n'ivyo kwitega mu bijanye n'inyungu.
Ivyago vy’umutekano vyagabanutse cane mu 2024, hari ibintu bitanu gusa bikomeye kw’isi yose ugereranyije n’iterambere ry’ubushobozi bwashizweho. Igitigiri c’ibintu vyabaye caragabanutse kija hafi kuri 0,03, kikaba ari co gitoyi kuruta ibindi vyose kuva mu 2016. Isesengura ryakozwe na EPRI ryasanze uburinganire-bw’ibihimba vya -n’ivyo bigenzura ari vyo vyatumye habaho ukunanirwa kwinshi aho gutuma amabateri ubwayo akora nabi.
Uburyo bwo gucunga ubushuhe bwarateye imbere kugira ngo bushobore gutorera umuti ingorane z’ugusenyuka. Inguvu nyinshi-zisohoka zituma bateri zisaza, kandi ata gusenyuka-kumenya ingamba zo kugenzura, abakoresha barashobora guhura n'iherezo ry'ubuzima ry'-ritarashika. Uburyo bwa none bukoresha ubuhinga bwo kwiga n'imashini kugira ngo bukoreshe neza inzinguzingu z'ugutanga amafaranga-kubera inyungu n'ubuzima buramba.
Isoko ry'akarere
Isoko ry’ububiko bw’inguvu z’amabateri ryerekana ibiranga akarere bitandukanye, aho Aziya-Pacifique ifise ibice birenga 50% vy’ubushobozi bwo kw’isi yose, bishingiye ahanini ku rugero rw’ubuhinga bw’Ubushinwa n’ingingo z’amategeko. Aka karere kashizeho ubushobozi bwinshi mu mwaka w’2024 kurusha ibindi bice vyose hamwe mu mwaka uwo ari wo wose uheze.
Uburyo bw’Ubushinwa bufatanya ibisabwa vyo gukorana n’ibintu bishobora gusubirwamwo n’uguhingura ibintu mu gihugu bifise igiciro gito-. Imigambi ishobora kuronka ubuhinga bushitse ku bici- ro 30-40% biri munsi y’amasoko y’Uburengero, bikaba bituma habaho inyungu mu vy’ubutunzi ihindura uguhiganwa kw’isi yose.
Ubuyapani bukoresha ivyerekeye umutekano w’inguvu, bukoresha hafi 1,5 GW bushigikiwe n’amadolari 1,5 miliyaridi y’ishoramari rya Leta mu myaka itatu. Ingamba z’uruja n’uruza rw’ubwenge zishimikiye ku gucunga ibihe bishobora gusubirwamwo mu buryo bw’amashanyarazi buvana cane n’ibiva hanze.
Koreya y’Epfo ishimika ku gukoresha ubuhinga bwa none biciye mu KEPCO, igashiramwo ububiko n’uguhindura ubuhinga bwa none. Uburyo igihugu gikoresha bwibanda ku bisagara bifise amashanyarazi menshi kandi ubushobozi bwo gutanga amashanyarazi buke.
Amerika ya ruguru ni yo yabonye iterambere ryihuta cane mu 2024, ryitwawe n’isoko rya Amerika. California yashitse ku rugero rw’ikigereranyo rwa 10 GW ariko Texas yerekanye inyifato y’isoko ikomeye cane. Texas yongeyeko hafi 6.5 GW mu 2024 gusa, n’abahinguzi b’ubudandaji bariko baratera imbere ku guhinduka kw’ibiciro n’ivyo kwizigirwa kw’uruja n’uruza.
Intara za Canada ziriko ziratera imbere mu bijanye n’ugutanga amasoko, Ontario ikaba ishaka gutanga 2,5 GW, British Columbia ikaba iriko irashiramwo ububiko bw’amazi n’ubutunzi bw’amazi. Isoko ryo muri Canada ririko rirakura ku rugero rwo hafi 29% CAGR.
Inzira y’iterambere ry’Uburaya yarihuse mu 2024 n’ubushobozi bushasha bwa 10 GW. Ubudage burarongoye n’ibikoresho birenga 2 GW, bishigikiwe n’ingingo ngenderwako zigamije gushiramwo ibikoresho vyinshi bishobora gusubirwamwo. Ubuholandi buriko buratanga uburenganzira bwo gufatanya amashanyarazi agera kuri 6 GW, bibiri-vya gatatu bikaba bigenewe kubika amabateri.
Igice c'ubudandaji n'inganda
Inyuma ya-ububiko bwa-meter buriko burakura cane kurusha urugero rw'ubuhinga-mu majambo y'ijanisha, naho buva ku rwego ruto.
Abaguzi b'ubucuruzi n'inganda bashiraho ububiko bw'imigende myinshi y'agaciro:
Gugabanya ibiciro bisabwa:Gushavura kugira ngo ugabanye amafaranga y'amazi
Inguvu zo gusubiza inyuma:Kubungabunga ibikorwa mu gihe umuyagankuba uhagaze
Izuba ry'ukwikoresha-:Kubika izuba ryo hejuru kugira ngo ukoreshe iyo umusaruro ugabanutse
Ukwifatanya mu kwishura ku bisabwa:Kuronka amahera y'uguhindura umuzigo
Nk’ibice 60 kw’ijana vy’ibikoresho vya C&I BESS ubu birimwo porogarama y’ubuhinga bwo gucunga inguvu ikoresha AI kugira ngo umuntu afate neza ingingo zo gushaja. Izo nzira zivuga imbere y’igihe ingene abantu bazokenera, ibiciro vy’amashanyarazi be n’ingene izuba rizokoreshwa kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kuzigama amahera menshi.
Ivyuma bikoreshwa mu gushaja ama EV biriko birarushiriza gushiramwo ububiko bw’amabateri. Ivyuma birenga 40% vy’ubudandaji vyo gushaja EV vyashizweho mu 2024 vyarimwo ibikoresho vyo gushaja amabateri. Ubwo buryo buragabanya amafaranga asabwa ava ku ruzitiro mu gihe bushobora gutuma umuntu ashobora kwihuta kwishura.
Ukwiyongera kw’ububiko bw’amazu kwibanda ku masoko afise ibiciro vy’amashanyarazi vyinshi n’ingingo ngenderwako nziza zo gupima amashanyarazi. Amasoko y’i Buraya aho izuba ryinjiye hejuru y’amazu rirenga 20% yerekana ko ububiko bw’amazu bukomeye cane, bushingiye ku kurondera ubwigenge bw’inguvu no kwikoresha neza.
Amasoko y'Itunga n'Imigenderanire y'Ishoramari
Ishoramari mw’isoko ry’ububiko bw’inguvu z’amabateri ryarengeye amadolari 20 miliyaridi mu 2022 hakurikijwe amakuru y’Ishirahamwe Mpuzamakungu ry’Inguvu, n’imibare yo mu 2024 ishobora kuba myinshi cane kubera iterambere ry’ugukoresha.
Inzego z’amahera y’imigambi ziriko zirakura. Imigambi ya kera y’ubuhinga bw’amazi -yizigiye cane amahera y’ubuhinga bwa none yava ku masosiyete manini manini y’inguvu. Imigambi iriho ubu ishobora gushika ku mahera y’imigambi ya kera afise amadeni y’imyaka 10-15, ivyo bikaba vyerekana ko abaguzi babona ko ububiko bw’amabateri ari ibikorwa remezo bishobora gukoreshwa mu mabanki.
Imigambi y'abacuruzi-iyo idafise amasezerano y'igihe kirekire-iserukira igice kiriko kirakura mu masoko nka Texas. Abahinguzi bemera ingorane z'igiciro c'isoko mu guhindura ubushobozi bwo kuduga mu bihe vy'igiciro kinini-. Iyi nzira ikora iyo uguhinduka kw’ibiciro ari kwinshi kandi amahirwe yo gukemura ibibazo vy’inguvu akaba ari kenshi.
Ivyitegererezo vy'ubutunzi bw'uwundi muntu wa gatatu-biriko biramenyekana mw'isoko rya Amerika. Abashoramari b’uburinganire bw’imisoro bafata inyungu z’Inguzanyo y’Imisoro y’Ishoramari mu gihe abategura imigambi canke amashirahamwe y’amazi bakoresha iyo mitungo. Iyi mibumbe ituma umutungo ukoreshwa neza kandi ugatanga ingorane.
Amafaranga menshi y’ishoramari yibanze kuri bateri-yatangujwe mu 2024, yibanda ku nyungu zivuye mu guteza imbere, ubwubatsi, n’ibikorwa. Ico kigo c’itunga kiriko kirahinduka kiva ku bashoramari b’inguvu bihariye kija ku bikorwa remezo vyagutse.
Ivyiyumviro vy'uruhererekane rw'ugutanga
Kuronka ibikoresho vya mbere biratera ingorane n’amahirwe yo gukura kwa BESS.
Ivy’ugutanga litiyumu vyariyongereye cane mu myaka ibiri iheze, bituma ibiciro vya carbonate biva ku madolari arenga 70.000 kuri toni mu 2022 bishika munsi y’amadolari 10.000 mu 2024.
Ivyo gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro yitwa graphite biguma vyibanze cane mu Bushinwa, bufise ubushobozi burenga 70% bwo gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro kw’isi yose. Ibihugu vy’uburengero biriko birashiramwo amafaranga yo gutunganya ibintu mu gihugu kugira ngo bigabanye ubugoyagoye bw’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho, ariko ivyo bikoresho bisaba imyaka 3-5 kugira ngo bize kuri internet.
Intambara y’Uburusiya-Ukraine yatumye uruhererekane rw’ugutanga nickel ruhungabana, vyihuta guhindukira ku bijanye n’ubuhinga bwa LFP butasaba nickel. Ico gitero c’ivya politike c’isi cari gifise inyungu itari yitezwe yo gutuma iyo nganda ija mu nzira zitekanye kuruta.
Ibikorwa remezo vyo gusubira gukoresha ibintu bishaje biriko biratera imbere ariko biracari mu ntango. Igitigiri c'amabateri ubu ntikirashobora gutuma habaho ibikorwa vyinshi vyo gusubira gukoresha ibintu bishaje, naho amashirahamwe menshi ariko arakora ubushobozi mu kwitega ko umupfunda w'amabateri uzoshika ku mpera y'ubuzima bwawo mu myaka ya 2030.
Ibikorwa bishasha n'ukwaguka kw'isoko
Imodoka-ku-uruzitiro (V2G) ubufatanye bugereranya ikintu gishobora guhinduka ku isoko ry'ububiko bw'inguvu za bateri. Imodoka zikoresha umuyagankuba zirimwo ubushobozi bwinshi bwa bateri ziguma zidakora igihe kinini. Ubuhinga bushobora gutuma umuntu ashobora gushaja mu buryo bubiri bwoshobora guhindura amamiliyoni y’ama EV akagira inguvu zitandukanye.
Microgrids n'ibikorwa bitari -grid biriko birakura ku 18.5% CAGR, birenze isoko ryose. Amasoko ariko arakura afise ibikorwa remezo vy’uruzitiro bigoyagoya ariko arashiraho ububiko kugira ngo arenge uruzitiro rw’igihugu rudakwiriye. Ivyo Pakistani itegerezwa kuzana mu gihugu bizoshika 8,75 GWh mu mwaka w’2030.
Ibikorwa vy’inganda biriko biraronka ibikorwa vy’agaciro. Ibibanza vy'amakuru biriko birarondera ububiko bwa bateri kugira ngo bishobore gukoresha ubushobozi bwo gusubiza inyuma n'ugucungera ibisabwa uko ubuhinga bwa AI-bukoresha ubuhinga bwa none bwongera ugukoresha umuyagankuba. Ibikorwa vyo gucukura amafaranga y’amahera bikoresha amabateri kugira ngo bikoreshe ibiciro bito vy’amashanyarazi mu masaha y’ijoro.
Ububiko bw’inguvu zo mu kiyaga no mu kiyaga buracari igerageza ariko bwerekana ko hariho umuhango. Imigambi y’umuyaga wo mu kiyaga iriko iragerageza gushiramwo amabateri kugira ngo haboneke uguhinduka kw’umuyagankuba no kugabanya ukugabanya imbere y’uko intsinga zizimvye zo mu mazi zija ku nkombe.
Isoko ry'ugukura n'imikazo yo gukomera
Uko isoko ry’ububiko bw’inguvu za bateri rigenda rirakura, ni ko n’uguhiganwa biriko birakomera.
Ugutanga ibikoresho vyinshi mu bikorwa vy’ubuhinga vy’Abashinwa vyatumye haba intambara y’ibiciro iriko iratera imbere mu bijanye n’ugutanga ibikoresho. Amashirahamwe adashobora gushika ku rugero canke ku gutandukanya ubuhinga arahura n’imikazo yo gukomeza. Abahinguzi benshi ba bateri barondeye ubufatanye canke amasezerano yo kugura muri 2024.
Abahinguzi bo mu Burengero bavuganira intambamyi z’ubudandaji kugira ngo hagabanuke uguhiganwa kw’Abashinwa bavuga ko ibiciro biri munsi ya-bitera ubwoba iterambere ry’inganda zo mu gihugu. Ugutongana hagati yo gutuma ibiciro bigenda neza n’umutekano w’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho biriko birahindura ibiganiro vy’ingingo mfatirwako.
Abakorana n’aba EPC bariko baratandukanya biciye ku bushobozi bwa porogarama n’ivyemezo vy’ibikorwa aho gutandukanya ibikoresho gusa. Amashirahamwe atanga inyishu z’urufunguzo n’ubuhinga bwa AI-burongowe n’ugutunganya neza n’ugutunganya imbere y’igihe ariko arategeka ibiciro vy’agaciro.
Ivyemezo n’ivyemezo vy’ibikorwa biriko birahuza imyaka 20 y’ubuzima bw’urutonde n’ivyemezo vy’inguvu zidasanzwe. Ukwo gushinga urugero kugabanya ukudakeka ku bijanye n’amahera y’imigambi n’ugutanga ubwishingizi.
Ikoranabuhanga n'inzira zo muri kazoza
Iciyumviro gikurikira c’iterambere ry’isoko ry’ububiko bw’inguvu z’amabateri kivana no gutorera umuti ingorane ubuhinga bwo muri iki gihe bushobora gutorera umuti nabi.
Ububiko bw'igihe kirekire-uburyo busohora amasaha 8 gushika kuri 100+-buvuga ku gusubiramwo ubufatanye ku misi myinshi-. Ivyiyumviro vy’ikirere birashobora gutuma haba ibihe birebire vy’umuyaga muto canke izuba. Bateri za litiyumu-ion zica zidakoresha ubutunzi muri ivyo bihe kubera imiterere y’igiciro cazo.
Ubuhinga bundi nk'icuma-umuyaga, zinc-bromine flow amabateri, n'ububiko bw'inguvu z'umuyaga ufise ubushobozi bwo kubika biriko birahiganwa muri iki gice. Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubudandaji mu mwaka w’2025-2026 bizokwerekana nimba izo tekinoloji zishobora gushika ku ntumbero zasezeranywe z’igiciro n’ibikorwa.
Ubushobozi bwo gukora uruzitiro-buriko buraba ngombwa mu masoko amwe amwe. Bateri za kera zikora nk'ibikoresho bikurikira uruzitiro-, ariko uruzitiro rufise ubushobozi bwo gusubira gukoreshwa cane rukeneye ibikoresho bishobora gushinga umuriro n'incuro aho kubisubiza gusa. Ivyo bisaba ubuhinga buhambaye cane bwo kugenzura inverter kandi bikongera igiciro ca system.
Ibikorwa vy'ikirere gikanye-biguma ari ingorane. Ubushobozi bwa bateri buragabanuka cane munsi y’ubukonje, yamara uturere twinshi dufise ubushobozi bwo gusubira gusubirana turashikirwa n’ubushuhe bukaze cane mu gihe c’imbeho. Uburyo bwo gucunga ubushuhe bugumya ubushuhe bukora bwongera igiciro n’ugusobanuka.
Iterambere ry'amategeko n'imiterere y'isoko
Amategeko y’isoko yagenewe amageneratore y’ubushuhe ntafata neza ubushobozi bwo kubika amabateri.
Ivugurura ry’isoko ry’ubudandaji ry’ingero rirabandanya mu masoko menshi akomeye. Itegeko rya FERC 841 muri Amerika ryasavye abakoresha uruja n’uruza rw’amazi guhingura uburyo bwo kugira uruhara mu kubika, ariko ugushirwa mu ngiro biratandukanye hakurikijwe akarere. Amasoko amwe amwe aremera ko amabateri atanga amasoko y’ibikorwa vyinshi icarimwe (uguteranya amafaranga), mu gihe ayandi ashiraho amategeko.
Ivugurura ry’uguhuza ni ngirakamaro kugira ngo ugume ufise inguvu zo gutanga. Imirongo iriho ubu irimwo ubushobozi bwo kubika vyinshi kuruta uko bishobora guhuzwa bitewe n'ingendo zo kuvugurura uruzitiro. Impinduka zishira imbere imigambi ishingiye ku kwitegura no ku gaciro ku ruzitiro rwoshobora kwihutisha ugushirwaho.
Amategeko agenga uruhara mw’isoko ry’ubushobozi agena ingene amabateri agira ico akoze ku bijanye n’uguhagije kw’ibikoresho. Amasoko amwe amwe atanga inguzanyo y’amabateri ku bushobozi bwose bw’izina, mu gihe ayandi akoresha ibintu bigabanya igiciro bishingiye ku kiringo bimara. Izo ngingo z’ubuhinga zigira ingaruka nyinshi ku bukungu bw’umugambi.
Amategeko agenga umutekano w'umuriro ariko arakomera hakurikijwe ibintu vyinshi vyabaye vy'agaciro kanini. Amategeko mashasha asaba ko umuntu yongera gutandukanya, akagira uburyo bwo kumenya ibintu, kandi akagira ubuhinga bwo kubihagarika. Naho ivyo bisabwa vyongera ibiciro, birakenewe kugira ngo abantu bagume bavyizigira no kwemererwa urubuga.
Isoko ry'ububiko bw'inguvu z'amabateri ntiririko rirakura rivuye ku muhango w'ubuhinga wo kure-ririko rirakura ubu biciye ku nguvu z'ubutunzi zikomeye, amahitamwo y'ingingo mfatirwako, n'ukuri kw'ibikorwa. Igabanuka ry’ibiciro ryashitse aho ububiko bushobora guhangana n’ubuhinga busanzwe. Ugushiramwo ibintu bishobora gusubirwamwo vyatumye habaho ivyiyumviro vy’agaciro bitomoye. Inzego za politike zashizweho zisaba ukudakeka.
Ukwo guhuriza hamwe kwatumye habaho ugushirwaho kw’ibikorwa vyinshi mu 2024 kandi gushinga inzira yo kubandanya kwihutisha. Isoko rizorenga 1 TW/3 TWh y’ubushobozi bwo gukorana mu myaka cumi izoza, ivyo bikaba bizohindura cane ingene amashanyarazi akora.
Kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kuroranirwa bisaba guca mu bibazo vy’ukuri: kwibanda ku bijanye n’ugutanga ibikoresho, ingorane zo gukorana n’abandi, n’imipaka y’ubuhinga. Ariko ingano y’ishimikiro y’iterambere-ugukura kw’ubuhinga hamwe n’inkurikizi z’ubutunzi hamwe n’infashanyo y’ingingo mfatirwako-iguma ari nziza kandi irakomera.