Ivyo gutsindwa icumi vyashizwe ku bihimba vy’amabateri. Ivyabaye amajana atatu vyerekanwa n’ibindi vyose. Ukwo ni kwo kuri gusohoka mu gusesangura ububiko bw'inguvu ku rugero rw'ubuhinga-, guhindura inkuru rusangi yerekeye ivyo mu vy'ukuri bimenagurika mu mirongo y'amabateri. Ibibazo vyo gushiramwo, gukoranya, no kwubaka-si amabateri ubwayo-ni vyo vyatumye haba ibintu vyinshi mu bintu 81 vyasuzumwe mu cigwa cakozwe n’ishirahamwe ry’amaporogarama y’amabateri TWAICE, Ikigo c’ubushakashatsi ku nguvu z’amashanyarazi, n’Ikigo c’Igihugu co mu Buraruko bushira Uburengero bwa Pasifike.
Ivyo birahambaye kubera ko Amerika yongeyeko gigawatts 10,4 z’ububiko bw’amabateri mu 2024 gusa, kandi abahinga baguma bahingura izo nzira nk’aho ubuhinga bwa shimi ari bwo butera ingorane nyinshi. Sivyo. Ubwubatsi butaboneka buhuza izo bateri-ibice vy’ububiko bw’inguvu z’amabateri bicungera umuriro, ubushuhe, n’ingingo z’amamilisegonda-bigena nimba ikibanza kibika inguvu zisukuye canke kikaba ari co gifise uruhara. Umuriro w’amabateri ya litiyumu urashobora gusubira kwaka haciye imisi, kandi ibintu biherutse kuba nk’umuriro wo muri Moss Landing wo muri Mukakaro 2025 vyatumye abaturage 1.200 bava aho hantu mu kiringo c’amasaha 24.
Gutahura ingene ubuhinga bwo kubika inguvu za bateri bukora bisigura gutahura ibice vy’ubugenzuzi, ibikoresho vyo guhindura, ibigenzura ubushuhe, n’imirongo y’ukugenzura ihindura ingingo z’umuntu ku giti ciwe mu bikorwa remezo vy’urugero rw’uruzitiro-. Ivyo si ibikoresho. Ni bo batandukanya hagati y’ugukora kwizigirwa n’ugutsindwa kw’agahomerabunwa.
Ubwubatsi Nta n’umwe avuga: Ivyo amabateri akora mu vy’ukuri
Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu za bateri ntibushobora gusa "gushaja no gukuraho." Bategura ibiganiro bihoraho hagati y'ubuhinga bw'amashanyarazi, ubuhinga bw'amashanyarazi, ibisabwa n'ubuhinga bw'amashanyarazi-vyose birongowe n'ibikoresho vyinshi abantu benshi batigera babona.
Inzego z'ububiko bw'inguvu za bateri
Uburyo bwose bwo kubika inguvu bushingiye kuri litiyumu-bushingiye ku bice bitanu bihambaye: ibice vy’amabateri, uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri (BMS), uburyo bwo guhindura inguvu (PCS), uburyo bwo gucunga inguvu (EMS), n’uburyo bwo gucunga ubushuhe. Ivyo bikora mu buryo bw’ubukuru aho ukunanirwa ku rugero urwo ari rwo rwose guca mu gushiramwo kwose.
Bateri module subsystem irimwo utugingo ngengabuzima dutunganijwe mu rutonde rwihariye-imiterere ihuye. Ivyuma bishirwa mu bice, ibice bishirwa mu bipande, kandi ibipande bikaba vyuzuza ibikoresho canke ibizitiro. Ivyo si ugutegura gusa-ni uguhuza ibisabwa vy'umuriro n'ibisobanuro vy'umuhinduzi mu gihe uguma ufise ubushobozi bw'umuriro. Igikoresho gisanzwe-igikoresho gishobora kuba gifise ibice 50, kimwe cose kirimwo utugingo ngengabuzima 12-24, vyose bigenzurwa umwe umwe.
Ariko ng’aho ni ho urujijo rutangura: igice ca bateri ni co gusa gicungera inguvu. Ivyo bihimba biyikikuje ni vyo bigena ingene ico kigega gifatanya n’ukuri.
Uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri: Urubuga rwo gucungera amabateri
Iyumvire BMS nk’igikorwa co gucungera ivyicaro bitatu-. Ivyuma bigenzura amabateri (BMUs) biraba ingingo z’umuntu ku giti ciwe, ibice bigenzura imirongo y’amabateri (SBMS) biragenzura imigwi, kandi umugenzuzi mukuru (MBMS) ahuza uburongozi bwose-aho SBMS imwe imwe ishigikira BMU zishika 60.
Ivyo birahambaye kubera ko utugingo ngengabuzima twa litiyumu tutakura mu buryo bumwe. Utugingo ngengabuzima tumwe tugenda tugasenyuka ningoga bituma umuriro utagira uburinganire. Iyo itagenzuwe, iyo nguvu z'ubudasa zica zija mu ngingo zisanzwe-zuzuye canke zirenga-zisohora izogoyagoya. BMS irabibuza biciye mu gukorana n’ingingo ngenderwako: gusubira gutanga umuriro biciye ku bikoresho bishobora guhangana n’ingingo canke mu bikoresho bifata umuriro kugira ngo umuriro ugume uri mw’idirisha ry’amamilivolt 50 mu ngingo ngenderwako ibihumbi n’ibihumbi.
BMS kandi igereranya ibipimo bibiri bihambaye: State of Charge (SoC) ikubwira ijana ry’ubushobozi busigaye. Igihugu c’ubuzima (SoH) kivuga imbere y’igihe ubuzima busigaye bushingiye ku gusenyuka kwagereranywa. BMS igenzura umuriro, umuriro, n’ubushuhe mu gihe igereranya SoC na SoH kugira ngo ntihagire ingorane zishobora guterwa n’umutekano no kugira ngo ikore neza. Ivyo biharuro bibe bitari vyo maze ugasiga ubushobozi butakoreshejwe canke ugatuma uburinzi buhagarara mu gihe c'amahirwe menshi y'inyungu-ingorane isanzwe mu guhingura uburyo bwo kubika inguvu za bateri.
Uburyo bwo guhindura ubushobozi: Umuhinduzi w'uruzitiro
Bateri zibika ubushobozi bwa DC, ariko uruzitiro rukoresha AC. PCS ihindura hagati y’ivyo ikoresheje inverters n’ibice vy’ububasha, n’ugufatanya kw’inzira bituma AC ikorana n’ingendo z’uruzitiro kugira ngo ikore neza.
Iyi subsystem ikora ibirenze uguhindura umuriro. Ivyuma vya PCS vya none bikora:
Guhindura mu nzira zibiri:AC ku DC mu gihe co gucapura (gukosora), DC ku AC mu gihe co gukura (uguhindura). Guhindura bishika biciye ku nzira ya IGBT (ibara ry’umuyagankuba rifise amabara abiri) igendagenda ku 10-20 kHz.
Uburongozi bw'inguvu zisubiza:Uretse ubushobozi nyabwo (bupimwa mu kilowatts), PCS itera canke inywa ubushobozi bwo gusubiza (kilovolt-amperes reactive) kugira ngo umuriro w’uruzitiro uhagarare. Iyi serivisi y’inyongera itanga amafaranga atandukanye n’ay’ubukemurampaka bw’inguvu.
Ukuyungurura kw'amajwi:Guhindura ubushobozi bituma habaho uguhinduka kw'amajwi-incuro z'incuro z'ishimikiro za 60 Hz zigabanya uburyo bw'ubushobozi. Ivyungura bitagira ico bikora biranyonyora ivyo imbere y’uko bishika aho uruzitiro ruhurira.
PCS ikorera ku ntumbero y’ugutera kw’uruzitiro. Ishobora gutwara n'ingene -tegekanijwe imbere y'igihe, ibimenyetso vyo hanze biva ku bipimo vyo ku -site, canke amabwirizwa ava ku buryo bwo gucunga inguvu. Igihe co gusubiza kirahambaye: amasezerano yo gutegeka incuro z’uruzitiro asaba inyishu y’ububasha bwose mu masegonda 0.25 y’ikimenyetso c’ugukevya.
Uburyo bwo gucunga ingufu: Ubutunzi butera imbere
Mu gihe BMS irinda ama cells na PCS ikavugana n’uruzitiro, EMS iraronka amahera. Iyi subsystem ikoresha ubuhinga bwo gutuma ibintu bigenda neza buvuga imbere y’igihe igiciro kizokwiragira no gufata ingingo y’igihe co kwishura n’igihe co gusohora bishingiye ku bimenyetso vy’isoko, ivy’ikirere, n’ingorane zo mu bikorwa.
Abakoresha amabateri bakoresha porogarama zifise ubuhinga bwo guhuza ingufu n’uburyo bwo kuzigenzura bukoresheje orodinateri, bizigira amakuru y’isoko ry’inguvu kugira ngo batahure ivy’umuzigo, ivy’ugutanga be n’ivy’uguhagarara kw’inguvu. EMS ironka igihe nyaco-ibiciro vy'inyuma vy'aho hantu, isuzuma uko amafaranga ameze, igereranya ibiciro vy'ugusenyuka ku nzinguzingu, kandi igena inyungu-igikorwa co kwongerera inyungu buri minota 5-15.
Ivyo bituma haba uguhuzagurika hagati y’amahera yinjira n’ubuzima buramba. Gutwara amagare kenshi cane bituma umuntu aronka amahera menshi ariko bikaba vyihuta gusenyuka. EMS iraringaniza ivyo mu kubara ibiciro vy’ugusenyuka kw’amabateri (mu bisanzwe amadolari 5-15 ku MWh ikoreshwa) kandi ikarungika gusa iyo igiciro gikwiragiye kirenze iyo nzira.
Uburongozi bw'ubushuhe: Ikintu co kwizigirwa mu gacerere
Bateri za litiyumu-iyon zikora neza hagati ya degre 15 na degre 35 . Hanze y’iryo dirisha, ubushobozi buragabanuka kandi ugusenyuka kuranyaruka. Ivyumba vy’amabateri bifise uburyo bwo gucungera ubushuhe kugira ngo ubushuhe bw’amabateri bube buringaniye, bishizwe mu bibanza bitashobora guturika, bishobora guhangana n’ibihe, bifise igitigiri ca UL-.
Uburyo bwo gukonjesha buratandukanye bivanye n’urugero. Ubuhinga bwo mu nzu bukoresha ugukonjesha kw’umuyaga udakora n’ibipfunsi. Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubudandaji vyongerako amazi akonjesha azunguruka glycol biciye ku masahani akonje afashe ku bikoresho vy’amabateri. Ivyuma vy’ubuhinga-bifatanya ubuhinga bwa HVAC n’ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe, rimwe na rimwe bisaba 5-10% vy’ubushobozi bwose bw’ubuhinga bwo gucungera ubushuhe gusa.
Ugukwiragizwa kw’ubushuhe birahambaye nk’uko ubushuhe busanzwe bumeze. Igishushanyo c’amadegre 10 ku ruhande rw’igitanda kirema ibipimo bitandukanye vy’ugusenyuka. Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubushuhe biteye imbere bikoresha ibikoresho vyinshi bipima ubushuhe ku gitereko kimwekimwe cose kandi bikahindura ahantu hakonjera ataco bimaze, bikabuza ibibanza bishushe bigabanya ubuzima bw’abantu n’imyaka.
Ingorane yo Gushiramwo: Aho Mu vy’ukuri Sisitemu Zinanirwa
Ugushiramwo, gukoranya, no kwubaka ni vyo vyari bikunze gutuma BESS idakora neza, bikaba ari vyo vyatumye haba ibintu 10 ku bintu 26 vyabaye bifise amakuru ahagije yo gutanga icaha. Ivyo birerekana ukuri kudasanzwe: ibice bimwebimwe birakora, ariko kubituma bikorana biguma ari ingorane ikomeye kuruta izindi zose muri iyo nganda.
Igituma Ukwinjizwa Bidashoboka
Ibice vya BESS nk’amashanyarazi ya DC na AC, HVAC n’ibikoresho vyo kuzimya umuriro akenshi bitangwa n’abaguzi batandukanye kandi ntibikoreshwa ngo bikore hamwe. BMS iva ku muhinguzi umwe ivugana biciye ku nzira ya CANbus. PCS iriteze Modbus. EMS ivuga ururimi rwa MQTT. Hari umuntu ategerezwa kwubaka middleware ihindura hagati y'ivyo-maze iyo layer y'ubuhinduzi iba ikintu co kunanirwa.
Guteba guhanahana amakuru biratuma haba ibibazo. BMS imenya ubushuhe burenze -mu milisegonda 50. Irungika itegeko ryo guhagarika kuri PCS. Ariko iyo ico kimenyetso giciye mu nzira y’irembo rya EMS rifise 200-milisegonda y’uguhagarara, PCS irabandanya isohoka mu kiringo c’igice ca kane-segonda gihagije kugira ngo ubushuhe butangure.
Gutera hasi bituma haba iyindi mine y’ubufatanye. Buri subsystem irafise ibisabwa kugira ngo ishire hasi. Uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri bushingiye ku gitereko. Ivyo PCS bishingiye ku gihinduzi. Iyo ivyo biremye ibizingiti vyo hasi, amazi agendagenda aratuma haba amakosa atera ingorane canke, ikibi kuruta, agapfuka ibintu vy’ukuri vy’amakosa gushika aho ananirwa cane.
Uburongozi bw'uburongozi buri mu bikorwa
Iyumvire ikintu co gutegeka incuro. Incuro z’uruzitiro zigabanuka zishika kuri 59,92 Hz (munsi y’intumbero ya 60 Hz). Ehe ivyo bishika mu nzira ibereye yo kubika inguvu za bateri:
EMS yakira ikimenyetsokuva ku mukoresha w'uruzitiro biciye ku buryo bwo gutanga ubutumwa bwikora (ugucerezwa kw'amasegonda 50)
EMS irabaza BMSku bijanye n'uburyo bwo gushaja n'ubushuhe bwo mu mutwe (ugucererwa kw'amasegonda 20)
EMS itegeka PCSgusohoka ku rugero rw'ububasha bw'intumbero (ugucererwa kw'amasegonda 30)
PCS iradugaIgisohoka c'umuhinduzi gikurikira umurongo-igipimo c'umurongo (umurongo w'amamilisegonda 500)
Abagenzuzi ba BMSumuriro w'ingingo mu gihe co gusohoka, gutunganya uburinganire mu gihe nyaco-
Ubuyobozi bw'ubushuheyongera gukonja kwitega ubushuhe buva (2-3 amasegonda atevye)
Igihe cose co gusubiza: munsi y’isegonda 1. Ariko buri nzira y’ubuhinga itegerezwa kurangiza igikorwa cayo. BMS ntishobora gutanga ububasha ingingo zidafise. PCS ntishobora guhindura vyihuta kuruta uko transistors zayo zivyemera. Ubuhinga bw’ubushuhe ntibushobora kwishura ubwo nyene ku bushuhe buva.
Ni co gituma hafi 19% vy’imigambi yo kubika amabateri igira inyungu zigabanutse kubera ibibazo vy’ubuhinga n’igihe co guhagarara kitategekanijwe. Imwe mu nzira zidakora neza iraca mu ruhererekane rwose rw’agaciro.
Ivyemezo vy'imiterere n'imyaka cumi-ingaruka ndende
Amahitamwo abiri y'ubwubatsi asobanura imigenderanire y'imirongo: AC-ifatanye na DC-ifatanye, n'ihuriro ry'imirongo n'iry'imirongo.
AC-uburyo bufatanyen’ububiko bwa bateri n’izuba ku ruhande rwa AC, bisobanura ko umwe wese afise inverters yigenga. BESS ifise inverter yayo yihariye ifatanye na bateri. Ivyo birorosha gusubiramwo ariko bisaba guhindura kabiri (izuba DC → AC → DC bateri → AC grid), bikabura 8-12% ku gutakaza ubushobozi.
DC-uburyo bufatanyegusangira inverter hagati y’izuba n’ububiko, gufatanya kuri bisi ya DC. DC-uburyo bufatanye bukoresha umuhinduzi w’ivyuma usangiwe hagati ya PV na BESS. Ivyo bituma ubushobozi bugenda neza kugera kuri 94-96% ariko bituma habaho ukuvyifatamwo neza-iyo inverter rusangi inaniwe, izuba n'ububiko vyose biragenda biva ku murongo.
Topologie y'imbereikoresha PCS imwe nini (2-5 MW) ihuza ibikoresho vyinshi vy’amabateri. Ivyo bigabanya igiciro c’itunga n’ibirenge ariko bikazana uturongo tumwetumwe two kunanirwa.
Topologie yakwiragijwen’ibice bitobito vya PCS (100-500 kW) n’ibitereko vy’abantu ku giti cabo. Ivyo bitwara 15-20% vyinshi ariko bishobora gutuma habaho ugusenyuka kw’ubuntu-ugusenyuka kwa PCS kumwe gutera ingaruka kuri iyo rack gusa, ntikugira ingaruka ku gushiramwo kwose.
Gucererwa mu gutanga ibikorwa kuva ku kwezi kumwe gushika ku kwezi kubiri ni ikintu gisanzwe, bimwe bikaba bishobora gushika ku mezi umunani canke arenga, kenshi biterwa n’ibibazo vy’ugushiramwo ibintu birenze ingorane z’ubuhinga gusa. Ivyo bicerezwa ntibisubiza inyuma gusa amafaranga yinjira; igihe kirekire co kudakora imbere y’uko gitangura gukoreshwa gishobora kwonona amabateri yicaye ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’umuriro.
Ivyiyumviro vy'umutekano: Kwigira ku vyacitse nabi
Kuva mu mwaka w’2020, ibibazo vy’ukunanirwa kwa BESS vyaragabanutse, n’ibintu 15 vyabaye mu mwaka w’2023, ariko umuriro uherutse kuba nka Gateway Energy Storage i San Diego muri Rusama 2024 warashikiwe n’ugutera kw’umuriro mu kiringo c’imisi indwi. Ivyo bintu vyabaye vyatumye habaho uguhinduka mu bijanye n’umutekano.
Gutahura ubuhungiye bw'ubushuhe
Iyo bateri ipfuye, ubushuhe bw'ingingo buraduga cane-mu milisegonda. Inguvu zibitswe zica zisohoka bukwi na bukwi, zigatuma haba ubushuhe bugera kuri degre 400 mu nzira y’ubushuhe-idakeneye umwuka w’ikirere.
Gutahura kare bishingiye ku rugero-rw'-ihinduka ry'ugutahura. Ubushuhe buzamutse degre 5 mu munota umwe bugaragaza ko igikorwa gisanzwe. Ubushuhe busimbuka degre 5 mu masegonda cumi bugaragaza ko ubushuhe buriko burahunga. Ukwonona umubiri, ukubora bitewe n’ubushuhe bukaze, ugukura canke ukudatunganirizwa neza ni bimwe mu bintu bishobora gutuma ubushuhe buhunga.
Ivyumba vya BMS biteye imbere ubu birimwo:
Multi-ubushuhe bwo gutahura (ubushuhe bumwe ku nsoro 4-6 aho ku buri module)
Gukurikirana ugucika intege kw'umuriro (ugusenyuka kw'umuriro munsi y'umuzigo bibanza ibintu vy'ubushuhe)
Gutahura gazi (ubushuhe buhunga burekura ibintu bishobora guhungabana imbere y'umwotsi uboneka)
Ingorane y’urutonde ruto: umuvuduko wo kumenya n’igipimo c’ivyiza vy’ibinyoma. Ivyiyumviro vyinshi kandi ibikoresho bifunga kubera gutwara amagare y’ivyuma bikoresha umuyaga. Ukwihangana cane no kumenya biza bikerewe cane.
Ugushiramwo uguzimya umuriro
Uburyo bumwe rudende bwo kugenzura umuriro wa litiyumu-ion ni ugukoresha amazi menshi cane kugira ngo ubushuhe bugabanuke kugira ngo iyo nzira ihagarare, canke ukayisiga igasha. Ariko ivyonona amazi biratera ingorane zavyo-gutonyanga ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi bikoreshwa n’inguvu no kwanduza imigende y’amazi y’imvura nyinshi.
Uburyo bwo guhagarika uburyo bwo gushiramwo ibintu vya none:
Urugero rwo kumenya:Ivyuma bimenya umwotsi, ivyuma bimenya ubushuhe, be n’ivyuma bita VESDA (Ibikoresho bimenya umwotsi hakiri kare cane) bikoresheje gufata ivyerekanwa vy’umuyaga .
Urugero rwo guhagarika:Uburyo bwo gutera umuyaga (ku bibanza bitobito), umwuzure w’amazi udakora (azote canke argon), n’uburyo bwo gutera umwuzure w’amazi
Urugero rwo kwitandukanya:Urugero rwa Module-ruca, ibitanda-urugero rw'ibifatanya, n'umuriro-intambamyi hagati y'ibitanda
Ivyo bice bitegerezwa guhuza. Gaz detection itera module disconnect, ivyo bikaba bitanga ikimenyetso kuri BMS ngo isubire gutanga umuzigo, ivyo bikaba bimenyesha EMS ngo ive mu gutanga umuzigo, ivyo bikaba bitegeka PCS guca hasi-vyose imbere y’uko guhagarika bikora. Urutonde rurahambaye. Gukoresha suppression mu gihe ukiri n’inguvu biratuma haba ingorane zo guturika.
Uburyo buto bw'amakuru: Itandukaniro ry'agacerere
20% vy'uburyo bwo kubika inguvu za bateri bukoranya amakuru y'uburemere buke-, bikaba bihungabanya ukwizigirwa kw'igihe kirekire-n'agaciro k'umutungo. Ivyo si ivy'inyigisho-uburyo bw'amakuru bugena nimba ubona ugusenyuka hakiri kare canke ukabibona mu buryo buteye akaga.
Gukurikirana ubwubatsi
BESS y’inganda itanga amakuru menshi cane. Igikoresho c'amashanyarazi 100 MWh gifise ubugenzuzi bw'urugero rw'ingingo -bitanga:
50,000+ ingero z'umuriro ku segonda
30,000+ ubushuhe busomwa ku segonda
10,000+ ingero z'ubu ku segonda
Inyandiko z'itumanaho zikomeza, ivy'inkengeri, n'amabwirizwa yo kugenzura
Ivyo bikoresho bitegerezwa gucungera urusaku, gufatanya ata gutakaza amakuru y’isuzuma, gushiramwo ikidodo c’igihe neza (ukuri kw’amasegonda), gutanga mu buryo bwizigirwa, no kubika neza. Incuro zo kwandika amakuru n'uburyo bwo kuyatanga bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kuri-amakuru yo hasi-ashobora guhindura ingero z'ingenzi z'ibikorwa no gupfukiranya ibimenyetso vy'amakosa vya kera.
Ivyiyumviro vyinshi bikora mu gihe c'amasegonda 1-kugira ngo bigabanye umubare w'amakuru. Ariko ibintu vy’amakosa birahinduka mu milisegonda. Ivyo gusenyera ku mugozi umwe: ugukurikirana umuvuduko munini-ugukomeza ku rugero rwa BMS n’ubushobozi bw’amamilisegonda 100{10}}, burungikwa mu karere. Ihuriro ku 1-isegonda y'ububiko bwo ku rwego rwa EMS. Bika umunota 1 w'imirongo y'igihe kirekire. Ariko rero, ushire amakuru y’agaciro kanini, maze uyazigame igihe habaye ibintu bitari vyo.
Ugucungera imbere y'igihe biciye mu makuru y'uburyo buto
Abakozi bateye imbere bacukura amakuru y'imirongo y'ugusenyuka. Ukwiyongera kw’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu mu bikoresho vya DC bibanza gusenyuka amayinga menshi. Ubuhinga bwo gucunga ubushuhe buratuma ikimenyetso c'ububasha kigenda kirushiriza gufunga. PCS isohoka umuvuduko gutera imbere harmonic uguhinduka kugabisha capacitor gusaza.
Ivyitegererezo vy’ukwiga kw’imashini vyamenyerejwe ku migenderanire y’ibice bishobora kuvuga imbere y’igihe ivyo bishobora kunanirwa amayinga 2-4 imbere y’ugukurikirana kwa kera gushingiye ku nkengeri. Ivyo bihindura ugusanasana kuva ku gusubiramwo gushika ku gutegekanijwe, bikagabanya igihe co guhagarara kitategekanijwe kuva kuri 3-5% ku mwaka gushika munsi ya 1%.
Ubutunzi: Ingene ubwubatsi bugira ico bukoze ku mahera yinjira
Ububiko bwa bateri buraronka amahera biciye mu nzira nyinshi z’amahera, imwe yose isaba inyifato zitandukanye z’imirongo.
Ubukemurampaka bw'inguvu
Gura hasi (ijoro), kugurisha hejuru (isonga ry’umugoroba). Bimeze nk’aho vyoroshe. Ariko ukuri kw’imirongo y’ibintu bitera ibiciro vy’ugushikirana:
Imipaka ya BMS:Ivyiyumviro vy’ugusohoka kw’amazi bikomeye vyihuta gusenyuka. BMS ishobora kubuza gusohoka munsi ya 20% SoC kugira ngo ikingire ubuzima bwa bateri, bigatuma izo 20% zo hasi z’ubushobozi zitaboneka kugira ngo zibe arbitrage.
Intambamyi za PCS:Inverters zifise ibipimo vy’ugutera (mu bisanzwe 10-20% vy’ubushobozi ku munota). Iyo ibiciro biduze bukwi na bukwi, PCS ntishobora gufata iminota mikeyi ya mbere y’ibiciro vyinshi mu gihe iriko iraduga.
Amategeko y'ubushuhe:Ku misi y'ubushuhe bwo mu ci-igihe ibiciro bishika hejuru cane-ubushuhe bwo mu karere buragabanya ubushobozi bwo gusohora. Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubushuhe ntibishobora gukonja ningoga bihagije, bikaba bituma EMS igabanya umusaruro n’ibice 15-25% igihe amafaranga yinjira ari ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Ivyo si ivy’ibitekerezo. Abakoresha amabateri bategerezwa gucungera ingorane zo gutanga inguvu mu masoko mu gihe bariko barasaba kugura izo nguvu imbere y’igihe, ivyo bikaba bituma haba ingorane zijanye n’ivyo. Igihagararo c’ubuhinga buke kibuza gusohoka mu gihe igiciro kiduga gihindura amafaranga yitezwe y’amadolari 50.000 ku musi akaja mu madolari 35.000-ugukata umusatsi 30% kubera ingorane z’ubwubatsi.
Itegeko ry'incuro
Ububiko bwa bateri burashobora kuva ku gutegerezwa gushika ku bushobozi bwose mu gihe c’isegonda kugira ngo bushobore guhangana n’ibintu bishobora gushika, bikaba bituma ari vyiza ku bijanye no gutunganya incuro. Ariko iyo serivisi y’inyongera ishimika ku mirongo ngenderwako mu buryo butandukanye n’ubukemurampaka.
Amategeko asaba guhora ushaja no gukuraho-wishura ku bimenyetso vy'ubugenzuzi bw'umuyagankuba buri masegonda 4. Bateri ikora amategeko y'incuro ishobora gukora 10.000 micro-cycles ku musi ugereranyije n'ingendo 1-2 yuzuye y'ubukemurampaka.
Ibi bituma haba uburyo bwo kwambara:
BMS:Imirongo y'uburinganire bw'utugingo ngengabuzima ikora ubudasiba, ishushe uburinganire bw'ibirwanya
PCS:Transistors zihinduka kenshi, zituma umuyagankuba wihuta
Ubushuhe:Ugutemba kw'inguvu guhoraho gutuma haba ubushuhe budahinduka busaba gukomeza gukonja
Ibice vya bateri:Gutakaza ubushobozi biva ku nzira nto -bitandukanye n'ibigereranyo vy'ugusenyuka kw'ingendo
Amafaranga yinjira kuri MW ni menshi (kenshi 2-3x arbitrage), ariko n’ibiciro bigaragara biva ku gusenyuka vyihuta na vyo nyene ni vyinshi. Ubwubatsi bwa subsystem ni bwo bugena nimba iyo nzira y’uguhinduranya amakaramu.
Ubuhinga bushasha buhindura inganda
Solid-Ingorane zo kwifatanya na Leta
Bateri zikomeye-zisezerana umutekano mwiza n'uburemere bw'inguvu, ariko zituma ububiko bw'inguvu za bateri bugira ububabare bw'umutwe. Bateri zikomeye-zisezeranya umutekano mwiza, uburemere bw'inguvu nyinshi, n'ubuzima buramba, bishobora kugabanya igiciro ca sisitemu yose.
BMSs z’ubu zikozwe zikikuje uburyo bwo kunanirwa kw’amazi y’amashanyarazi. Utugingo ngengabuzima dukomeye-tunanirwa mu buryo butandukanye-ugukura kw’ibihimba vy’umubiri vyitwa lithium dendrite aho guhunga ubushuhe, ugusaduka kw’ivyuma aho gusohoka kw’amazi. Gushiramwo utugingo ngengabuzima dukomeye-bisaba ingamba zo kugenzura zisubirwamwo, uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima uburinganire, n’uburyo bwo gucungera ubushuhe buhinduwe.
Ariko rero, PCS ntiyitaho ivy’ubuhinga bw’amazi. Ibona gusa umuriro n’amashanyarazi. Ivyo bisigura ko amabateri akomeye-ashobora gusubirwamwo mu bikoresho vya kera mu guhindura ibice mu gihe aguma ahindura ubushobozi n'ubugenzuzi bw'ibikoresho. Ariko BMS itegerezwa gutera imbere cane.
AI-Uburongozi bw'inguvu burongowe
Ubwenge bukorano n’ukwiga kw’imashini biriko birashirwa mu buryo bwo gucunga inguvu kugira ngo bishobore gukurikirana igihe nyaco-, gucungera imbere y’igihe, no gukora neza. Aho gutegeka-bishingiye ku kohereza (ugusaba iyo igiciro < $30/MWh), ubuhinga bwa AI buravuga imbere y'igihe:
Ugusangira amahirwe y'inyungu
Igiciro c'ugusenyuka gishingiye ku bushuhe n'uburebure bw'ingendo
Gusaba serivisi y'uruzitiro mu masaha 24-48
Ubushobozi bwiza bwo guhagarika ibintu vy'agaciro kanini -
Ivyo bihindura EMS kuva ku gusubiza gushika ku gushobora kubaho. EMS ya kera ibona igiciro c’amadolari 50/MWh maze ifata ingingo yo gusohora. AI EMS ibona igiciro c’amadolari 50/MWh, ivuga imbere y’igihe 70% y’amahirwe y’ibiciro vy’amadolari 80/MWh mu masaha 2, ivuga ko SoC iriho ubu n’ubushuhe, maze ifata ingingo yo gufata-ikora amadolari 30/MWh menshi igihe iyo nkuru izoshika.
Ingorane y’ubuhinga butoya: AI isaba uburyo bw’amakuru 20% vy’ubuhinga butatanga ubu. Imyanda yinjira, imyanda isohoka irakora cane cane ku kwiga kw’imashini.
Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu
Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu zihuriweko bufatanya amabateri n’ubuhinga nk’ubw’inguvu zikomeye-mu gihe amabateri abika inguvu nyinshi mu kiringo kirekire, ingufu zikomeye cane ziruta ayandi mu nzira zihuta zo gushaja/gukuraho.
Ivyo bituma haba igice gishasha c’ububiko bw’inguvu za bateri: ugutanga inguvu. Iyo ikimenyetso c’amategeko kigeze, coba gikwiye gukoresha inguvu za bateri canke inguvu za supercapacitor? Supercapacitors zikorana n’uguhinduka kw’amasegonda (amajana y’ingendo kw’isaha) mu gihe amabateri akorana n’ugukevya gukomeye (iminota gushika ku masaha).
Igikoresho co kugenzura ivy’ubuhinga bushasha cicara hagati ya EMS n’ibice vy’ububiko vy’umuntu ku giti ciwe, kigatanga amabwirizwa y’ububasha ashingiye ku birimwo incuro. Ivyuma vy'incuro nyinshi- (hejuru ya 0.1 Hz) bijana ku bikoresho vy'ubuhinga bukomeye. Ibice vy'incuro nto-bija kuri bateri. Ivyo bituma ubuzima bwa bateri butera imbere ku rugero rwa 40-60% mu bikorwa vy’amategeko mu gihe bigumya umuvuduko wo kwishura.
Gutegura ubushobozi bwo kwihangana: Ivyigwa biva mu murima
Ingingo ngenderwako zitatu z’uguhingura zitandukanya ibikoresho bikora ku rugero rwa 97-99% n’ivyo bikora ku rugero rwa 85-90%.
Redundancy Aho Bihambaye (Si Hose)
Bateri zidakoreshwa cane zirazimvye kandi zitsinda intumbero-uriko uriha ubushobozi udashobora kugurisha. Ariko rero, ugusubira inyuma kw’ibintu biratanga inyungu:
Abagenzuzi babiri ba EMS:Umwe akora, uwundi asusurutse arindiriye. Gutsindwa mu masegonda atarenga 30. Igiciro: Amadolari 15.000 y’inyongera. Amafaranga yinjiye akinzwe n'indwi-isubirizwa ry'umugenzuzi: $500,000+.
N+1 imiterere ya PCS:Ivyuma bine vya PCS vy’amashanyarazi 1-MW ku bushobozi bwose hamwe bwa 3 MW aho gukoresha ivyuma bimwe vy’amashanyarazi 3-MW. Umwe arananirwa, uri ku bushobozi bwa 75%, si zero. Igiciro c’imbere: 18%. Ugutera imbere mu bijanye n’ukuboneka: 6-8%.
Inzira z'itumanaho zidakenewe:Uguhuzwa kwambere biciye kuri fibre, ububiko biciye kuri modem ya telefone ngendanwa. Iyo fibre igabanutse mu gihe c’ubwubatsi buri hafi (bishika kuruta uko wovyiyumvira), ububiko bw’ingingo buguma bukora. Igiciro: amadolari 3.000. Igihe co guhagarara carabujijwe: bishobora kuba imisi.
Ivyo bidakeneye redundancy: ama modules ya bateri ku giti cabo. Iyo umwe ananiwe, abandi baca bafata iyo nkuru. Igitigiri c'ibice birenze -ubunini "mu gihe" co gutakaza umutungo.
Uburyo bwo kwihweza buratsinda uburyo bwo kwizigirwa
Ntushobora kubungabunga ivyo udashobora gupima. Ivyiza kuruta ibindi vyose vy'imiterere y'ibintu bishira imbere ivy'ukwihweza:
Igihe nyaco-imbonerahamweyerekana uruja n'uruza rw'ubushobozi, imiterere y'imirongo, n'ugukwiragira kw'ubushuhe
Gushira imbere inkengeri(bihambaye/imburi/amakuru) kugira ngo wirinde urushe
Ibikoresho vyo gusesangura imigenderaniregupfuka ibikorwa vy'ukuri ku bijanye n'ugusenyuka kwavuzwe
Gusubiramwo ikosakwemera inyuma-isubiramwo ry'ivyabaye ry'imigenderanire y'imirongo mito ijana ku kunanirwa
Guteba gutanga ibikorwa biva ku kwezi kumwe gushika ku kwezi kubiri, abakozi batazi utuntu n’utundi rimwe na rimwe bagakora amakosa atuma imigambi isubira inyuma. Uburyo bwo kwihweza butuma abakozi batobato batahura ibiriko biraba imbere y’uko batera ingorane.
Porogaramu-Ibikorwa remezo vyasobanuwe
Ivyiyumviro bikomeye cane bifata ubuhinga butoya nk'ubuhinga-busobanuwe aho gufata ubuhinga-bugenwa. BMS ikoresha porogarama zishobora guhindurwa. EMS ikoresha biciye ku bikorwa vy’ibikoresho. Ivyiyumviro vy’ubugenzuzi biba mu madosiye y’imiterere, si hardcoded.
Igihe abahinguzi bari biteze amabateri ya sodium-ion vyakonja uko ibiciro vya LFP vyabandanya bigabanuka, gushiramwo ubuhinga bwo gukoresha ubuhinga bwa none bwari gushobora gusubiramwo ubuhinga bwo gushaja ubuhinga butandukanye biciye mu guhindura ubuhinga bwa none aho gusubirira ubuhinga bwa none.
Ukwo guhinduranya birafise ikibi: ugushirwa ahabona kw’umutekano wo kuri interineti kuragwira iyo umuntu afise ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu kure. BESS system architecture ubu itegerezwa gutanga inyishu ku bwoko bw’ibitero n’ingaruka zishobora gushikako, ubushobozi n’ingaruka mbi z’ugukora nabi kw’ibihimba bisuzumwa neza. Porogaramu yose-isobanuwe subsystem iba igitero.
Ibibazo bikunze kwibazwa
Ni itandukaniro irihe riri hagati y’uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri n’uburyo bwo gucunga inguvu?
Uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri (BMS) burakingira utugingo ngengabuzima tumwetumwe mu kugenzura umuriro, ubushuhe n’amashanyarazi ku rugero rw’utugingo ngengabuzima canke rw’ibice. Bikingira ibintu bidatekanye vyo gukoresha kandi bikagereranya ubuzima bwa bateri. Uburyo bwo gucunga inguvu (EMS) buratuma ubutunzi bw’ico kigo cose bugenda neza mu gufata ingingo y’igihe co gucapura canke gukuraho amashanyarazi bishingiye ku bici- ro vyo kw’isoko, ibimenyetso vy’uruzitiro, n’ingorane zo gukora. BMS ikora ku bihe vy’imilisegonda vyibanda ku mutekano; EMS ikora ku munota-kugeza ku-amasaha yibanze ku nyungu. Ivyo vyose ni ngirakamaro, ariko birakora ibikorwa bitandukanye rwose.
Ni kuki uburyo bwo kubika amabateri bukeneye gucungera ubushuhe nimba amabateri akora mu bushuhe bwo mu cumba?
Bateri zishikirwa n'ugukura kw'ingendo, canke ukubora bitewe n'ingendo z'ugukura kw'amashanyarazi-, ivyo bikaba vyihuta cane hanze y'ubushuhe bwiza. Igikoresho ca litiyumu-iyoni gikora ku bushuhe bwa degre 45 kirasenyuka incuro zibiri kurusha kimwe ku bushuhe bwa degre 25 . Ikindi gikomeye cane, ubushuhe butaringaniye mu bijanye n’amabateri butuma utugingo ngengabuzima tugenda tugasenyuka ku rugero rutandukanye, bikaba bituma ubushobozi butakaza kandi bigatuma habaho ingorane nyinshi. Ugucungera ubushuhe si ugukonjesha gusa-ni ugukomeza ubushuhe bumwe mu bihumbi vy'ingingo kugira ngo zikure hamwe kandi zigume ziringaniye.
Mbega amabateri y’abahinguzi batandukanye yoba ashobora gukorana?
Ego, ariko n’imburi. Ibice vya BESS nk’amashanyarazi ya DC na AC, HVAC, n’ibikoresho vyo kuzimya umuriro akenshi bitangwa n’abaguzi batandukanye kandi ntibikoreshwa ngo bikore hamwe. Amasezerano y’itumanaho asanzwe (Modbus, CANbus, DNP3) aremera gukorana n’abandi, ariko ibintu biteye imbere akenshi bisaba amategeko y’umuntu. Igerageza ry’ubufatanye rihinduka rikomeye-abakozi batazi utuntu n’utundi canke amakosa yo gukorana n’abandi atuma habaho ugucererwa kw’ukwezi kumwe canke kubiri. Imbere -inyishu zihuriweko zivuye ku bacuruzi bamwe zitwara amahera menshi ariko zigabanya ingorane zo gukoresha.
Ni gute ubuhinga bwo guhindura amashanyarazi bufata iyo bateri ipfuye mu gihe habaye ikintu co gusohoka?
Ivyuma vya PCS vya none bishiramwo ubuhinga buteye imbere bwo guca -manuka. Uko ivy’ugushaja vyegereza imipaka mikeyi (mu bisanzwe 10-20%), BMS yohereza imburi zitandukanye kuri EMS, iyo EMS itegeka PCS kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gusohoka buhoro buhoro. Aho gufunga bukwi na bukwi-ivyoshobora gutera ubwoba uruzitiro-uruzitiro rwa PCS ruva kuri 100% ruja kuri 80% ruja kuri 60% mu masegonda 30-60, bigaha abakoresha uruzitiro umwanya wo kuzana ibindi bikoresho kuri internet. Ivyiyumviro vy’uguca ibice vyihutirwa birahari kugira ngo umuntu agire umutekano, ariko gukora mu buryo busanzwe biratuma habaho ugusenyuka kw’ubuntu aho guca bukwi na bukwi.
Bigenda gute iyo igitereko kimwe c’amabateri kidakora neza mu gushiramwo ibintu vyinshi?
Uwo murongo ubandanya gukora ku bushobozi buke. Ivyuma vy’amabateri birafatanya mu buryo bumwe, ku buryo iyo kimwe gicitse, ibindi biguma bifise ubushobozi. BMS itandukanya igikoresho cacitse intege biciye ku bikoresho vy’amashanyarazi-ibihindura amashanyarazi bigica ku bisi ya DC. EMS iraronka itangazo ry’ubushobozi buriho bugabanutse maze igahindura amasoko y’isoko bivanye n’ivyo. PCS nti "ibona" ama racks ku giti cayo, ahubwo ibona gusa umuriro wose wa DC n'umuriro, rero ihita ihindura ubushobozi bwose ama racks asigaye ashobora gutanga. Amafaranga yinjira aragabanuka bivanye n’ubushobozi butakaye, ariko iyo nzira iraguma ikora mu gihe ibikorwa vyo gusanura biriko birabandanya.
Ni gute ibiharuro vy’imiterere y’umuriro n’imiterere y’ubuzima mu mirongo y’amabateri nyayo ari ukuri?
Mu bihe bigenzurwa, ibiharuro vya SoC bishika ku 2-3% vy’ukuri. Mu bihe vy’itongo bifise ubushuhe buhinduka, ugukura, n’imitwaro y’inguvu, ukuri kuragabanuka kugera kuri 5-8%. Ivyiyumviro vy'ubuzima ntibitomoye cane-mu bisanzwe biri hagati ya 10% y'ubushobozi nyabwo busigaye. Ivyo bintu bidatomoye bituma habaho ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga: iyo BMS igereranije 80% SoC n’ukwizigira ±5%, EMS ifata ubushobozi buriho nk’75% kugira ngo ntihagire uwusohora birenze urugero mu mpanuka. Kunoza ivyo bigereranyo biciye mu gukora neza no gupima mu gihe nyaco biracari ikintu gikomeye c’ubushakashatsi, kuko igice cose c’ijana c’ubuhinga bwo kubungabunga ibinyoma gitwara ibihumbi amajana vy’amahera yinjizwa ku mwaka ku bikorwa bininibinini.
Ni igihe kingana iki c’ubuzima bw’ibice bitandukanye?
Ivyuma vy'amabateri bishobora gukoreshwa imyaka 10-15 canke 4.000-6.000-ico kizoza imbere. Uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi buramara imyaka 15-20 bugasubirwamwo (gusubiriza capacitor buri myaka 5-7, gusubiriza ventilateur y’ugukonjesha buri myaka 3-5). Uburyo bwo kugenzura n’ubuhinga bwo kugenzura birafise ubuzima butagira iherezo ariko bisaba guhindurwa inyuma y’imyaka 2-3 kugira ngo bigume bihuye neza kandi bifise umutekano. Ivyuma bikoreshwa mu gucunga ubushuhe (ibikoresho vya HVAC, ama ventilateur, amapompe) bikora mu myaka 10-15 bikorana n’ugutunganywa buri mwaka. Uguhuza mu myaka y’ubuzima bituma habaho ubuhinga bwo gusubirira ibice-kwitega gusubirira ibice vy’amabateri incuro 1-2 mu gihe uguma uhindura ubushobozi no kugenzura ibikorwa remezo biciye mu myaka 30 y’ubuzima bw’umugambi.
Uburyo bwo kubona ibintu burahindura vyose
Ugubika amabateri si ubuhinga gusa. Ni ugushiramwo ibintu bikomeye vyo kugenzura, kugenzura, guhindura, gucunga ubushuhe, n'uburyo bwo gucungera umutekano-buri bumwe bumwe bufise uburyo butandukanye bwo kunanirwa, ibisabwa vyo gucungera, n'ingorane zo gukora.
Naho 55% umwaka-ku-umwaka mu bikorwa vya BESS kw’isi yose vyongeyeko 69 GW/169 GWh mu 2024, iyo nganda iracariko irahangana n’ingorane zo gushiramwo ingufu z’amabateri. Inkuru isanzwe ivuga ko ukunanirwa hafi kwose guterwa n'ibice vya bateri ntaco bimaze-ibintu vyinshi biva ku buringanire-bw'-ibice vya sisitemu n'ibibazo vyo gukorana.
Gutahura uburyo bwo kubika inguvu za bateri bihindura ingene usuzuma ivyo ushizeho, ukavuga imbere y’igihe ivyo bishobora kunanirwa, ugatuma ibikorwa bigenda neza, kandi ugashobora guhangana n’ibintu. Ivyo bihimba vy’amabateri biratanga inguvu, mugabo utugingo ngengabuzima dutoduto turatanga ukwizigirwa, umutekano be n’agaciro mu vy’ubutunzi. Mu gisata aho hafi 19% vy’imigambi ibona inyungu zigabanutse zivuye ku bibazo vy’ubuhinga, ubuhinga bwo kwubaka busanzwe butandukanya ugushiraho ibintu vyiza n’uguhemuka gutwara amahera menshi.
Ibikorwa bitatu vyihariye bituma ubuhinga bukora neza ubwo nyene:
Gushira mu ngiro ubugenzuzi bw'urugero rw'akazu-aho ingengo y'imari yemera-module-urugero rw'ukugenzura rubura ibimenyetso vy'ukunanirwa mbere ivyo amakuru y'urugero rw'agace-yerekana.
Gushira imbere igerageza ry'ubufatanyemu gihe co gutanga-ugucerezwa kw'amezi amwe canke abiri ni ibisanzwe, rimwe na rimwe bikagera ku mezi umunani kubera ibibazo vyo gukorana, ariko gupima neza birabuza ingorane nini mu nyuma.
Gushinga ishingiro ry'uburyo bw'amakurukuva ku musi wa mbere-20% vy'imirongo y'ubuhinga yegeranya gusa amakuru y'uburemere buke-ahungabanya uburongozi bw'umutungo bw'igihe kirekire.
Ububiko bw’inguvu za bateri buzobandanya gukura-abahinguzi bategura 18.2 GW z’ubuhinga-ivyongeweko mu 2025. Ariko urugero rurakura ingorane z’imirongo mito aho kuzitorera umuti. Ivyo bikoresho bizotera imbere ni ivyo bimenya neza ubuhinga butaboneka buhuza amabateri n’amabarabara, umutekano n’ubutunzi, n’ugucungera igihe nyaco-kugeza ku kwizigirwa kw’igihe kirekire-.
Ivyiza vyo gutwara
Bateri zidakora neza nivyo bitera ibibazo bikeyi vya BESS-ugushiramwo, gukoranya, no kugenzura ibibazo bitera ingorane nyinshi
Ivyuma bitanu vy’ingenzi bisigura ingene ubuhinga bukora: ibice vy’amabateri, BMS, PCS, EMS, n’ugucungera ubushuhe, kimwe cose gikora mu bihe bitandukanye .
Amahitamwo y'ubwubatsi bw'imirongo (AC vs. DC coupling, topology ihuriweko n'iyisanzwe) afise imyaka cumi -inyungu n'ingaruka zo kwizigirwa
Ubwiza bw'amakuru bugaragaza nimba ugucungera ubuhanuzi bishoboka-20% vy'uburyo butagira umuti uhagije wo kugenzura
Uburyo bwo gucungera umutekano butegerezwa guhuza urutonde rwo kumenya, guhagarika no kwitandukanya mu buryo bumwe bumwe kugira ngo ntihagire ikintu gitera
Ibikorwa vy'ubutunzi bivana n'ingene ubuhinga butoya bufata ibisabwa bihushanye-maxim