Bateri z’ububiko bw’inguvu z’ubudandaji zirashobora gukora neza umuzigo, n’uburyo bwa none bucungera inguvu zisabwa kuva kuri 50 kW gushika ku rwego rwa multi-megawatt mu gihe zigumya ibipimo vy’ugusohoka bihagije ku bikorwa vyinshi vy’ubudandaji. Izo nzira zishingiye kuri litiyumu-ion- zitanga amasaha 1-4 y’ububasha buhoraho ku bushobozi bugereranywa, n’ubushobozi bwo kugenda no kugaruka bugera kuri 85-90%.
Gutahura ubushobozi bwo kwikorera mu bikoresho vy'amabateri y'ubudandaji
Ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuzigo ni bwo ahanini bugena nimba amabateri y’ubudandaji yo kubika inguvu ashobora gushitsa inguvu zikenewe n’ikigo. Ubushobozi bugizwe n’ingero zibiri zitandukanye: ubushobozi bw’inguvu (bupimwa mu kilowatt) n’ubushobozi bw’inguvu (bupimwa mu kilowatt-amasaha). Ubushobozi bw’inguvu burasobanura ingene amashanyarazi iyo sisitemu ishobora gutanga mu gihe ico ari co cose, mu gihe ubushobozi bw’inguvu bugena igihe iyo nzira ishobora kumara.
Uburyo bw’ubudandaji busanzwe buva ku 100 kW gushika ku migambi y’ubuhinga bwo ku rugero rwa MW- kandi bugenewe ubushobozi bwinshi, ubushobozi bwo gutera imbere, n’ibikenewe bikomeye. Uburyo buto bwo kubika amabateri y’ubudandaji bushobora kuba bufise ubushobozi bw’amasaha makeyi y’amakilowati-, akwiye ubucuruzi buto buto canke ibikorwa, mu gihe uburyo bunini bugenewe ibikorwa binini canke gukoreshwa mu nganda bushobora kubika amasaha amajana canke mbere ibihumbi vy’amakilowati-.
Inverter-ku-ububiko burafise uruhara runini mu gucunga umuzigo. Ubushakashatsi bwa NREL bufata ko igipimo c’inverter/ububiko ari 1.67 ku bikoresho vyo kubika inguvu z’amabateri y’ubudandaji n’inganda, bisobanura ko ubushobozi bw’amabateri burengeye ubushobozi bw’inverter bwo gutanga inguvu. Ivyo bituma amaporogarama ashobora gusohora umuriro ku nguvu zose mu kiringo kirekire ataco amaze gutakaza umuriro wose.
Amabateri y'ubucuruzi yo kubika inguvu yerekana inyishu itangaje. Kubera ko amahinguriro yo kubika amabateri ata bihimba vy’ubuhinga afise, aratanga igihe gito cane co kugenzura n’igihe co gutangura, nk’amamilisegonda 10. Iryo nyishu ryihuta rituma bashobora guhangana n’ibihembo vy’umuzigo bitunguranye vyobaye bitera ingorane amahuza y’uruja n’uruza canke amafaranga y’urugendo.
Isonga ryo gushavura n'uburongozi bw'umuzigo
Peak shaving igereranya kimwe mu bikorwa bisaba cane amabateri yo kubika inguvu z’ubudandaji, bisaba ubuhinga bwo gukora ibice bihambaye vy’umuzigo mu bihe bigoye. Ubutunzi buratuma abantu bemera: amafaranga y’ivyo basaba cane akenshi afata 30%-70% vy’amafaranga y’abaguzi b’ubudandaji n’inganda.
Igihe amabateri y’ubudandaji y’ububiko bw’inguvu akora igikorwa co gushavura, ategerezwa gutanga inguvu neza na neza igihe ugukoresha bishobora kurenga ubushobozi bwategekanijwe. Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z’amabateri bubika inguvu iyo ivyipfuzo n’ibiciro vy’ibikorwa vy’amazi biri hasi, akenshi mw’ijoro canke mu masaha ya kare mu gitondo, hanyuma bikazana inguvu zibitswe kugira ngo zifashe mu gufasha imitwaro y’ibikorwa mu gihe c’isonga, bikagabanya umubare w’amashanyarazi akurwa mu ruzitiro.
Ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu akore neza biratandukanye bivanye n’ubwoko bw’ibikorwa. Ibikorwa vy'ubuhinga bifise ibikoresho bikomeye vy'amagare birashikirwa n'imitwaro ikaze, idashobora kumenyekana. Inyubakwa z’ubudandaji zifise imitwaro ya HVAC ziraduga mu gihe c’ijoro ry’ubushuhe, mu gihe ibitaro n’ibikorwa remezo bihambaye bikeneye ugushikama kw’amashanyarazi no kwitegurira gufasha. Bateri z’ubudandaji zibika inguvu zitegerezwa kwakira izo nzira zitandukanye z’umuzigo mu gihe ziguma zifise igipimo c’ugusohoka kidahinduka.
Rimbura ikintu gishoboka: Ku bibanza vy’inganda bifise imizigo y’inguvu ishobora gutegekanirwa kandi idashobora guhinduka idashobora guhindurwa ikaja mu masaha y’ijoro, uburyo bwo kubika inguvu burashobora kugabanya ivyifuzo mu masaha y’ijoro menshi. Uburyo bwa bateri y’amashanyarazi 500 kW bushobora gukorana n’itandukaniro ry’umuzigo w’isonga ry’ikigo 300-400 kW mu masaha 2-3 ku musi, bikaba bishobora gutuma ivyifuzo vy’uruja n’uruza bishika munsi y’urugero rutera amafaranga y’imbere.
Uburyo bwo gucunga inguvu bwongerera ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuzigo biciye mu buhinga bwo guhanura. Porogaramu ya Smart EMS ivuga imbere y’igihe ivyipfuzo vyinshi ikoresheje amakuru y’akahise n’ay’igihe nyaco, igatuma ibikorwa vya bateri bihuye n’amafaranga y’amazi, intumbero z’ibikorwa, n’imibereho y’uruzitiro. Izo sisitemu ntizikora gusa ku kwiyongera kw'umuzigo-zivyiteze, zishiraho imbere y'igihe ingero z'umuzigo wa bateri kugira ngo zishobore gukora ivyo zisabwa.
Ikoranabuhanga rya bateri n'ibiranga ugusohoka kw'umuzigo
Litiyumu-ion chemistry ni yo igenzura ububiko bw'inguvu z'ubudandaji kubera imvo zidasanzwe ziboshe n'ugufata umuzigo. Lithium-ion yerekanye ko ari yo nzira nziza cane yo gukoresha amabateri mu bikoresho vyo kubika inguvu z’ubudandaji, ifise utugingo ngengabuzima dutunganijwe mu bice, mu bipande, no mu mirongo, bihujwe mu rutonde canke bihuye kugira ngo bihure n’inguvu n’ubushobozi vyipfuzwa.
Ivyo bimenyetso vy’ugusohoka kw’amabateri ya litiyumu iron phosphate (LFP), vyacitse ubuhinga bwa mbere bwo kubika ibintu bihagaze kuva mu 2021, birabereye cane cane ibikorwa vyo gufata umuzigo. Izo bateri zigumya umuriro ushikamye mu nzira y'ugusohoka kwazo, zituma umuriro ushikamye mbere n'igihe umuriro ugabanuka. Udakunze ubuhinga bumwe bumwe bushikirwa n’ugucika intege kw’umuriro mu gihe c’imitwaro iremereye, LFP iragumya ugushikama kw’ibikorwa.
Ubushobozi bw'urugendo rw'inyuma -bugira ingaruka ku bukungu bwo gutwara umuzigo. NREL yerekanye ko 85% ari urugendo rw’urugendo rwerekana ubushobozi bw’amabateri y’ubudandaji. Ivyo bisigura ko ku kWh 100 zose zibitswe, hafi 85 kWh zica ziboneka kugira ngo zisohoke ku mizigo. Ivyo bice 15% bitakazwa biciye mu guhindura (AC mu DC mu gihe co gucagura, DC mu AC mu gihe co gukura) no mu guhangana na bateri imbere.
Ugucungera ubushuhe bica biba ikintu gihambaye cane mu gihe co gufata umuzigo uhoraho. Igitigiri kinini c’ibisohoka bituma haba ubushuhe mu bihimba vya bateri, kandi ubushuhe burengeje urugero buratuma ibintu vyihuta gusenyuka. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha amazi buteye imbere bugumya ubushuhe buri munsi ya degre 2 hagati y'ingingo, bugatuma ubushuhe bugenda neza kandi bugatuma ubuzima buramba mu gihe bugumya ubushuhe bwiza mbere no mu bihe bikomeye bishika kuri degre 50 .
Ubuzima bw'ingendo bugena ubushobozi bwo gufata umuzigo w'igihe kirekire-. Abahinguzi ubu baratanga ingwati z’ingendo 10.000 zo gushaja-gusohoka mu gihe bagumana ubuzima burenga 80% bwa bateri mu kiringo cose c’ubuzima. Ku bijanye n’ubuhinga bugenda rimwe ku musi, ivyo bisobanura imyaka irenga 27 y’ibikorwa-naho ibikoresho vyinshi vy’ubudandaji bitegura imyaka 10-15 y’ubuzima bw’ibikorwa n’ukwiyongera kw’ubushobozi.
Inguvu zo gusubiza inyuma n'ugufata umuzigo w'ivyihutirwa
Iyo amashanyarazi y’uruzitiro apfuye, amabateri y’ububiko bw’inguvu z’ubudandaji ategerezwa guca afata umuzigo wose w’ibikorwa canke ibice vy’umuzigo bihambaye. Iyi porogaramu igerageza ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuzigo mu buryo butandukanye n’ugushavura kw’isonga, bisaba umusaruro uhoraho ku bushobozi burengeye canke hafi.
Uburyo bwo gucungera amabateri y’ubudandaji n’ay’inganda burabika inguvu z’umuyagankuba maze bukazitanga iyo isoko y’intango y’inguvu ipfuye, bikaguma bikora gushika isoko y’inguvu y’intango igarutse. Igihe co guhindura ni ikintu gihambaye cane. Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu za bateri bufata amasegonda menshi kugira ngo buze kuri Internet maze butangure gusohora inguvu ku mizigo ihuye, bugatandukanya n’inguvu zidahagarara zisubiza mu milisegonda.
Ivyubatswe bihambaye cane bisaba canecane kwizigirwa cane. Ibitaro, ibibanza vy’ingabo be n’ibibanza vy’amakuru birarushiriza kwizigira uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z’amabateri kugira ngo bibe n’inguvu zidahagarara be n’umutekano w’inguvu. Ibitaro vyoshobora gusaba ubushobozi bwo gufasha 500-1000 kW kugira ngo bishobore kubungabunga uburyo bwo gufasha ubuzima, amatara y’ivyihutirwa, n’ibikoresho bihambaye vy’ubuvuzi mu gihe amasaha menshi azimye.
Ivyumba vy’amakuru birafise ingorane zidasanzwe kubera ko ugucika kw’amashanyarazi bitera ingaruka zikomeye kandi zica ziza. Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu za bateri bubika amasaha imwe canke abiri kugira ngo buhe inguvu z’inyongera zo gusubiza inyuma no kwigenga ku ruzitiro, kugabanya ivyipfuzo vy’amageneratore ya dizeli, no kugabanya igiciro c’inguvu. Naho iki gihe kimeze nk'ikigufi, kirazibira ikinogo gushika amageneratore yo kuri -site ashitse ku ntumbero yuzuye canke ku gusubirana kw'inguvu z'uruzitiro.
Ubwubatsi bw’ibice vy’amabateri y’ububiko bw’inguvu bw’ubudandaji burashigikira ibisabwa vy’umuzigo w’ivyihutirwa. Uburyo bwo kubika amabateri y’ubudandaji buza mu bunini n’imiterere itandukanye, bufise imiterere y’ibice n’ubushobozi bwo kubika kuva kuri 50 kWh gushika kuri 1 MWh, bikaba bituma ari uburyo bwiza cane ku mashirahamwe mato- n’ayisumbuye-. Ivyuma birashobora kwongereza ubushobozi mu guhuza ibice vyinshi vy’amabateri, kugira ngo ubushobozi bwo gusubiza inyuma buhure n’iterambere mu mizigo ihambaye.
Ukwifatanya n'inkomoko z'inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo
Gufata umuzigo birarushiriza kugorana iyo amabateri y’ubudandaji yo kubika inguvu akorana n’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo. Uguhinduka kw'izuba n'umuyaga bisaba ko amabateri ashobora gufata umuyagankuba urenze urugero n'umuzigo w'umuyagankuba mu bihe vy'umuyagankuba muto-.
Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z’ubudandaji bufatanijwe n’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo nk’izuba canke umuyaga buratuma zikora neza kandi zikaba zikora neza. Mu gihe c’isonga ry’izuba ryo mu gicugu, amabateri arashaja mu gihe icarimwe ariko aracungera imizigo y’ibikorwa irenga izuba rishobora gukoreshwa mu kanya nk’ako gukubita. Uko izuba rigabanuka mu mpera z’umuhingamo, amabateri arahindukira akaja mu buryo bwo gusohora, akabandanya gutanga imizigo gushika mu masaha y’umugoroba.
Inguvu zigenda zija mu nzira zibiri zisaba ko zigenzurwa neza cane. Uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi bucungera uruja n’uruza rw’amashanyarazi hagati y’uruzitiro, amabateri, n’ibikorwa vy’iherezo-, buhindura AC mu DC mu gihe co gushaja na DC mu AC mu gihe co gusohora. Ivyo bihinduka bitegerezwa kuba ata nkomanzi uko umuzigo usaba guhinduka kandi n’ubuhinga bushobora gusubirwamwo bugahinduka, kenshi incuro nyinshi kw’isaha.
Igikoresho c’ubudandaji gifise ubushobozi bw’izuba bufise ubushobozi bwa 200 kW n’ubuhinga bwa bateri bufise ubushobozi bwa 300 kWh ni akarorero k’ukwo gukorana. Mu gihe c’izuba ryinshi, iyo nzira yoshobora gutanga 180 kW mu gihe umuzigo w’ibikorwa wicara kuri 120 kW. Bateri ikoresha 60 kW (ukurako ibihombo vy’uguhindura). Iyo banki y’igicu igabanyije ubushobozi bw’izuba bukagera kuri 40 kW, bateri ica itangura gusohoka ku 80 kW kugira ngo igumye ifise umuzigo wa 120 kW ata gukura ku ruzitiro.
Ihoteri imwe yo muri Hawaii ikoresheje ubuhinga bwa litiyumu-ion bufise ubushobozi bwa 500 kW/3 MWh, yarahinduye umuzigo wayo kuva ku murango gushika mw’ijoro, maze irazigama amadolari 275.000 ku mwaka. Ivyo vyerekana ingene ubufatanye bushobora gusubirwamwo bufatanijwe n’ugucungera umuzigo mu buryo bw’ubwenge bitanga inyungu z’amahera zishobora gupimwa mu gihe bikorana n’ibisabwa vyinshi vy’ububasha.
Uburongozi bw'umuzigo w'ikibanza co gushaja EV
Gushaja imodoka zikoresha umuyagankuba birerekana kimwe mu bihe bigoye cane ku bijanye n’ugushaja kw’amabateri y’ubudandaji. Ivyuma vy’ugushaja vyihuta birashobora gusaba 150-350 kW ku gikoresho cose, kandi imodoka nyinshi zishaja icarimwe zituma haba imizigo myinshi cane mu kanya nk’ako gukubita.
Ububiko bw’amabateri y’ubudandaji burashobora gufasha gucunga umuzigo w’ibibanza vyo gushaja EV mu kubika amashanyarazi mu bihe vy’ugusaba gato-no kuyatanga mu bihe vy’ugusaba kwinshi, bikabuza umuzigo urenze urugero no kubungabunga amashanyarazi ahamye. Hatariho ububiko bwa bateri, ikigo co kwongerako ama chargeur atandatu y’amashanyarazi 150 kW cokwongerako 900 kW ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’ivyo umuntu asaba-bituma habaho ivyipfuzo vyinshi kandi bishobora gusaba ko habaho uguhindura ubuhinga buzimvye bwo gukorana n’uruzitiro.
Uburyo bwa bateri buranywa umuzigo wo gushaja mu bihe vy'ugusaba bike-, bugahinduka neza iyo ubushobozi bw'uruzitiro bukoreshejwe. Uburyo bwo kubika amabateri bufise ubwenge burafasha gushaja vyihuta cane 180kW, n’uburyo bwa bisi za DC butanga ubushobozi bwongerekanye iyo bikenewe, bikaba bituma ibibanza vyo gushaja bishobora kwakira inguvu zikenewe cane ataco bihinduye ku bikorwa vy’uruzitiro.
Rimbura ivy’ubudandaji bifise amashaja cumi y’urugero rwa 3. Ishirahamwe ry’ugutwara ibintu rifise imodoka 50 zikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba ryazigamye amadolari 75.000 ku mwaka mu gufatanya amashanyarazi y’izuba, ububiko be n’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwo gucapura, ivyo bikaba vyafasha imodoka nyinshi gucagura icarimwe ataco zirengeje urugero ku ruzitiro. Uburyo bwa bateri burakorana n’itandukaniro hagati y’umuzigo w’ibikorwa n’isonga ry’ugushaja, bikagabanya ivyifuzo vy’uruzitiro ku rugero rwategekanijwe.
Uburyo bwo gushaja burema imirongo y'umuzigo ishobora gutegekanirwa uko sisitemu za bateri zishobora kwitega. Abakoresha amato bakunda gucakira imodoka mw’ijoro canke mu gihe c’amahinduka y’akazi, bikaba bituma haba amadirisho y’ugusaba kwibanze. Bateri z'ububiko bw'inguvu z'ubudandaji zibanza gushaja mu masaha y'imbere y'aho zikenewe cane, zigatuma zishobora guhangana n'izo nkuru zishobora gutegekanirwa ata ngorane z'uruzitiro.
Ubunini bwa sisitemu n'uguhuza umuzigo
Gupima neza amabateri y’ububiko bw’inguvu z’ubudandaji kugira ngo ashobore gukorana n’imizigo y’ibikorwa bisaba gusuzuma ingene akoreshwa, ibiranga ivyipfuzo vy’inguvu nyinshi, n’ibisabwa kugira ngo akore. Gushiramwo ubunini buke bisiga imizigo idashitse mu bihe bigoye; gukura cane bisesagura umutungo ku bushobozi butakoreshwa.
Intambwe ya mbere ni ugusuzuma uburyo inguvu zikoreshwa n’ivyo zisabwa kuzibika, gusuzuma inguvu zikoreshwa ku musi, ku ndwi no ku bihe, hamwe no kumenya imizigo y’ingenzi isaba ingufu zo gusubiza inyuma. Iryo sesangura ntiryerekana gusa ugukoresha kwa mwayeni ariko n’igihe c’isonga, incuro, n’ubunini-ibintu bigena ibisabwa mu gufata umuzigo.
Inguvu-ku-inguvu zitandukanye hakurikijwe uko zikoreshwa. Igikoresho gikeneye gufashwa mu gihe gito kandi gikomeye coshobora gusaba ubuhinga bwa 500 kW / 1 MWh (igihe c’amasaha 2-), mu gihe ibikorwa vy’ugufasha bikomeye bikunda 300 kW / 1.5 MWh (igihe c’amasaha 5). Ku bijanye n’uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z’amabateri zihagaze zonyene zifise amasaha 4, ibiciro birahindagurika bivanye n’igihe bateri imara, ubushakashatsi bwa NREL bugatanga ivyerekanwa vy’ibiciro vyo gushiramwo ibintu mu bucuruzi.
Ubutandukane bw’umuzigo buragira ico bukoze ku ngingo zo gupima. Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z’ubudandaji burafasha ba nyen’ubudandaji gucungera neza ingene amashanyarazi akoreshwa, kugenzura ukuntu bateri zishaja n’ingene zisohoka bivanye n’ingene zikora, no guhindura imizigo y’isonga kugira ngo ubuhinga bukore neza. Igikoresho gifise imizigo ihinduka cane gikeneye ubushobozi bwinshi kuruta ikigo gifise uburyo buhoraho bwo gukoresha.
Idirisha ry’iminota 15 ry’ugusaba rikoreshwa n’amashirahamwe menshi y’amazi mu gutanga amafaranga rituma habaho ibisabwa vy’ubunini bwihariye. Iyo umuyagankuba ukoreshwa mu minota 15 urenze agaciro k’umuyagankuba, uwutanga umuyagankuba asaba amahera menshi cane, ivyo bikaba bituma ubuhinga bwa bateri bwihuse butanga umuyagankuba w’inyongera mu gihe c’isonga ry’umuyagankuba bugira agaciro kugira ngo umuntu yirinde ivyo bihembo. Ubuhinga butegerezwa gukomeza ibiharuro vy’ibisohoka bihagije kugira ngo bishobore guhagarika ivyifuzo vy’iminota 15 biri munsi y’ingero zasezeranywe muri ico kiringo cose.
Ivy'ukuri-Ibikorwa vy'Isi n'Imipaka
Bateri zo kubika inguvu z’ubudandaji zirerekana ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuzigo mu bikorwa bitandukanye, yamara ukuri kw’ibikorwa vyerekana imipaka igira ico ikoze ku ngingo zo gukoresha.
Ugusenyuka buhoro buhoro kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuzigo. Igiciro n’ubushobozi bw’imirongo y’amabateri bishingiye ku ciyumviro c’ingendo imwe ku musi, aho ukubora ari igikorwa c’urugero rw’ikoreshwa. Inyuma y’imirongo ibihumbi vyinshi, bateri ifise ubushobozi bwa 500 kW yoshobora gutanga 450 kW gusa ku rugero rwo gusohoka rwose, bikaba bisaba ko yongerwa ubushobozi mu bihe bitandukanye kugira ngo igumye ifise ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuzigo w’intango.
Ivyerekeye ibidukikije biragira ico bikoze ku bikorwa. Ubushuhe bukaze buragabanya ubushobozi buriho n’ingero z’ibisohoka. Naho uburyo bwo gucunga ubushuhe bugabanya izo ngaruka, bateri ikora neza mu bihe vy’ikirere biringaniye yoshobora gutanga ubushobozi buke 10-15% mu gihe c’ubushuhe bukaze canke ubukonje ata bindi bigenzura ibidukikije.
Ihuriro ry’uruzitiro ubwaryo rirashobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gufata umuzigo. Igikoresho gifise ubushobozi bwa bateri 1 MW ariko kikaba gifise ubushobozi bwo gukorana n’uruzitiro rwa 800 kW gusa ntigishobora gutanga amashanyarazi arenga 800 kW ku ruzitiro, naho nyene gishobora gutanga imizigo yo mu mutima irenze iyo nzira. Ivyo bigira ingaruka ku ngabire zo guhindura umuzigo aho ubushobozi bwa bateri burenze urugero bwoshobora kugurisha ubushobozi mu bihe vy’igiciro c’isonga.
Amategeko agenga ivy'ubuhinga n'ubuhinga bihingura ibikorwa vyo gutwara umuzigo. Hariho amashirahamwe amwe amwe ashiraho amategeko agenga igitigiri c’amazi asohoka muri bateri canke asaba uburinzi bwihariye bw’uguhuza. Abandi batanga porogarama zitera intege zihemba kugabanya umuzigo w’isonga, bituma ishoramari ry’amabateri rirushiriza gukwegera. Gukoresha neza ubuhinga bwo gukoresha amabateri birashobora gutevya canke gukuraho ivy’uguhindura ibikorwa remezo vy’ugutanga amakuru n’ugukwiragiza amakuru bizimvye, bikaba bifasha ibikorwa n’amashirahamwe y’ubuhinga.
Ibibazo bikunze kwibazwa
Ni igipimo ikihe gisanzwe c’ugusohoka kw’amazi mu mabati y’ubudandaji yo kubika inguvu?
Bateri z’ubudandaji zibika inguvu zikunda gusohoka ku rugero ruri hagati ya 0.5C na 1C, bisobanura ko bateri 1 MWh ishobora gukomeza 500 kW gushika kuri 1 MW. Uburyo muri rusangi bugenewe gutanga ubushobozi bushitse mu kiringo kuva ku masaha 1 gushika ku masaha ane, n’ibipimo vyihariye bivanye n’ibisabwa vyo gukoresha n’ubushobozi bwo gucunga ubushuhe.
Ni gute amabateri y’ubudandaji akora ivyo gushaja no gushaja icarimwe?
Ivyuma vy’ubudandaji vy’amabateri ntibishobora gucapura no gukuraho icarimwe ibice bimwe bimwe vy’amabateri, ariko ivyuma bininibinini bifise imirongo myinshi y’amabateri ihuye birashobora gutanga imirongo imwe imwe kugira ngo ishaje mu gihe iyindi isohora. Uburyo bwo guhindura ubushobozi bucungera uruja n'uruza rw'inzira zibiri hagati y'uruzitiro, amabateri, n'ibikorwa vy'iherezo-ikoreshwa, buhindura ubushobozi bushingiye ku bikenewe mu bikorwa.
Mbega uburyo bwo kubika amabateri burashobora guhangana n’imizigo yo gutangura moteri?
Bateri z’ubudandaji zo muri iki gihe zibika inguvu zirashobora gukorana n’imitwaro iringaniye yo gutangura, naho nyene zidakora neza nk’amageneratore. Ubushobozi bw’inverter bwo gutera umuriro bushobora gutuma 120-150% y’inguvu zigereranywa mu masegonda menshi, bihagije kugira ngo moteri nyinshi zitangure. Moteri nini zifise umuriro mwinshi wo kwinjira mu mubiri zishobora gusaba ibikoresho bigenzura ugutangura biyoroshe canke ubuhinga buhurikiyemwo amabateri n’ibikoresho vya kera vyo gutangura.
Ni igiki kiba iyo ivyipfuzo vya bateri birenze ubushobozi bwategekanijwe?
Iyo umuzigo usabwa urenze ubushobozi bwategekanijwe, uburyo bwo gucunga bateri bushobora gukura ubushobozi bwo kwongerako buva ku ruzitiro (niba uruzitiro-ruhuye) canke bugashira mu ngiro amategeko yo gukuraho umuzigo kugira ngo burinde ubuzima bwa bateri. Uburyo bwo gucunga inguvu bufise ubwenge buratunganya ivyipfuzo vyo gushavura, bugatuma agaciro ka kW karengeye, bugatuma ubushobozi buriho bujanye n’ivyo bisabwa.
Guhura n'ingorane yo gufata umuzigo
Ikibazo "mbega amabateri yo kubika inguvu z'ubudandaji ashobora guhangana n'umuzigo" kironka inyishu mu bijanye n'ugukoresha aho kubona ubushobozi bwose. Izo nzira zishobora gucungera neza imizigo kuva ku mirongo gushika ku bihumbi vy’amakilowati mu bikorwa vy’ubuhinga, mu vy’ubuvuzi, mu bibanza vy’amakuru no mu bibanza vy’ubudandaji kw’isi yose. Kuroranirwa kuva ku guhuza ubushobozi bwa sisitemu n’ibiranga umuzigo, gushirwa mu ngiro uburyo buhambaye bwo kugenzura inguvu, no kubungabunga ibipimo vy’ubushuhe n’amashanyarazi mu mirongo y’imiterere.
Uko ubuhinga bwa bateri butera imbere-n'ibiciro bigabanuka n'ubuzima bw'ingendo bugenda burakura-amabateri yo kubika inguvu z'ubudandaji ararushiriza kwiyerekana ko ari abafatanyabikorwa bashoboye mu bikorwa remezo vy'inguvu vy'ubu. Ivyo bikoresho ntibifata gusa umuzigo; barayigira neza, bagahindura ivyo bakoresha mu bihe vyiza mu vy’ubutunzi mu gihe bagumana ukwizigirwa nk’uko ubudandaji busaba.