Uburyo bw'amabateri y'amashanyarazi 1000 kWh bukwiye gukoreshwa igihe uburyo bwo gukoresha inguvu z'ikigo cawe, imiterere y'ibiciro, n'ibisabwa mu bikorwa vyemeza ishoramari-mu bisanzwe ku bibanza vy'ubudandaji n'inganda bikoresha 200-500 kW ubudasiba, ibikorwa bishaka ingamba zo kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gukoresha, canke ibikorwa. Ingingo ishingiye ku bintu bitatu vy’intango: imiterere y’igiciro c’amashanyarazi yawe, ingene ukoresha inguvu ku musi ku musi, n’ukuntu ushobora kuronka amahirwe yo gutanga amafaranga biciye ku bikorwa vy’amashanyarazi.
Gutahura urugero rwa bateri 1000 kWh
Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z’amabateri 1000 kWh (canke 1 MWh) bugereranya urugero rw’ubuhinga- canke ugushiraho ubudandaji bukomeye, butandukanye cane n’amabateri yo mu nzu. Ubwo bushobozi burashobora guha ubushobozi umuzigo w’ama kW 200 mu masaha atanu adahagarara canke bugatanga ubushobozi bw’ama kW 100 butagira aho bugarukira mu masaha cumi. Ubuhinga buza bushizwe mu gitereko c’amafuti 20 canke 40 kirimwo amabateri y’ivyuma vy’ivyuma (LFP), uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi, uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri, uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushuhe, n’ibikoresho vyo kwirinda.
Ivyo bikoresho bifatanya ubushobozi bw’inguvu 500-1000 kW n’ububiko bw’inguvu 1000 kWh, bikaba bituma habaho ico inganda zita uburyo bwo kumara amasaha 2{6}} gushika ku masaha 4. Ico gihe-igipimo c’ubushobozi bw’inguvu n’ubushobozi bw’inguvu-ni co kigena igihe bateri ishobora gusohoka ku nguvu zayo zitegekanijwe imbere y’uko ihera.
Ivyerekeye isoko ry’ubu mu mwaka w’2024-2025 vyerekana ko amabateri y’amashanyarazi 1 MWh afise igiciro c’amadolari 110.000 gushika ku madolari 150.000, igiciro c’amabateri kikaba kigera ku rugero rwo hasi cane rw’amadolari 115 ku kWh. Ivyo bigereranya ugugabanuka kw’igiciro ku rugero rwa 20% ugereranije n’ivyo mu 2023, bivuye ku bushobozi burenze urugero bwo gukora, kugabanya ibiciro vy’ibikoresho vya mbere, no kugabanya ivyifuzo vy’ibinyabiziga bikoresha umuyagankuba bihindura ubushobozi bwo gukora mu bubiko buhagaze.
Ivyuma vyinshi bikoresha ubuhinga bwa LFP kubera umutekano wavyo mwiza, ubuzima buramba bw’ingendo (mu bisanzwe ingendo 3.000 gushika ku 6.000 ku 80% y’uburebure bw’ugusohoka), n’ubushuhe bukoreshwa. Ubuzima bw’imigero bushika ku myaka 10-15 iyo umuntu akoresheje neza ubushuhe, naho nyene ibikorwa vy’ukuri bivana cane n’ingene bikoreshwa, uko bimeze, n’ingene bikoreshwa.
Ivyiyumviro vy'ugusaba cane
Ivyerekeye gukoresha amabateri y’amashanyarazi 1000 kWh bishingiye ku kugabanya amafaranga y’ibikorwa vy’ubudandaji n’inganda. Amafaranga y’ugusaba amashanyarazi-ashingiye ku nguvu nyinshi ukoresha mu bihe vy’ugutanga amafaranga-ashobora kuba 30-70% y’amafaranga yose y’amashanyarazi ku bakoresha amashanyarazi menshi.
Ivyumba vy’ubuhinga, ibibanza vy’amakuru, ububiko bw’ibikoresho bikonje, n’ibibanza vy’ugukwiragiza, akenshi bihura n’amahera y’ugusaba ku kwezi kuva ku madolari 10 gushika ku madolari 50 ku kW. Igikoresho gifise 1 MW y’agaciro kanini kiriha amadolari 20/kW gihanganye n’amadolari 20.000 y’amahera y’ugusaba ku kwezi gusa. Gukoresha ubuhinga bwa bateri y’amashanyarazi 500 kW/1000 kWh kugira ngo iyo nkuru igere ku 300 kW, bizigama amadolari 6.000 ku kwezi, canke amadolari 72.000 ku mwaka.
Igitigiri c’ubutunzi gishika iyo ibikorwa bishitse kuri ivyo bisabwa: amafaranga y’umuyagankuba ku kwezi arenga amadolari 50.000, amafaranga y’ugusaba arenga 40% y’ibiciro vyose, ibihe vy’ugusaba vyinshi bishobora gutegekanirwa (kenshi amasaha 2-4 ku musi), n’imiterere y’ibiciro itanga amafaranga y’ugusaba nibura amadolari 15/kW.
Igihe co kwishura ku bisabwa vyo kugabanya amafaranga y’ugusaba gica kuva ku myaka 3 gushika ku myaka 6 ata n’ivyo bitera intege. Inguzanyo y’umusoro w’ishoramari ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ubu itanga inguzanyo y’ibice 30 kw’ijana ku buryo bwo kubika bubereye, igatuma ubutunzi bw’imigambi butera imbere cane kandi igatuma amahera yo kwishura agera ku myaka 2-4 mu bihe vyinshi.
Igihe-c'-ikoreshwa (TOU) imiterere y'igipimo irema amahirwe yo gufata agaciro k'inyongera. Ivyuma birashobora gushaja amabateri mu bihe vy’ijoro igihe umuyagankuba ugura amadolari 0.05-0.08 ku kWh, hanyuma bikaja gushaja mu masaha y’ijoro iyo ibiciro vy’amashanyarazi biduga bikagera ku madolari 0.20-0.35 ku kWh. Iryo joro ry’ubukemurampaka rigira agaciro cane cane mu masoko afise itandukaniro rikomeye ry’ibiciro kuva ku rwego rwo hejuru-kugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru rirenga $0.15 ku kWh.
Igihe co gushiramwo inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo
Abafise ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi y’izuba bararushiriza gukoresha amabateri y’amashanyarazi 1000 kWh kugira ngo bashobore kwikoresha cane no gufata igihe-kahinduwe n’agaciro k’amashanyarazi ashobora gusubirwamwo. Ingingo yo gukoresha iva ku bintu vyinshi vy’ubuhinga n’ubutunzi bidasanzwe ku bijanye n’imiterere y’ububiko bw’izuba-plus-.
Co-ahantu hari n'ibikoresho vy'izuba bishoboza ibiciro vy'ibikorwa remezo bisangiye-ikibanza kimwe co guhuza, ibikoresho vy'ibarabara, n'uburyo bwo gutanga uruhusha bikoresha ivyo bintu vyose. Imigambi itegura gushiramwo amashanyarazi y’izuba afise ubushobozi bwa 500 kW gushika kuri 1 MW ikwiye gusuzuma gukoresha amabateri icarimwe, kuko ububiko bwo gusubiramwo bushobora gutuma habaho amafaranga menshi 15-25% kubera ubuhinga bwongereweko, uruhusha, n’uguhindura ibikoresho.
Ubuhinga bw'izuba bugena ubunini bwiza bwa bateri. Igikoresho c’izuba c’ubuhinga bwa 1 MW DC gitanga ubushobozi bw’amasaha 4-6 ku musi gitanga ubushobozi bw’amasaha nka 5 MWh ku misi y’umwimbu. Gufatanya n’ububiko bw’amashanyarazi 1000 kWh bishoboza gufata 20% vy’umusaruro ku musi kugira ngo ushiremwo amazi ku mugoroba, bikagabanya mu buryo bufise insiguro ukuntu umuntu yizigira uruzitiro rw’amashanyarazi n’ibiciro vy’ugusaba mu bihe vy’ibiciro vyinshi.
Ivyerekeye isoko muri 2024-2025 cane cane bikunda gukoresha izuba-plus-ububiko. Ibiciro vy’amabateri vyashitse ku rugero rwo hasi cane mu gihe ibiciro vy’ibikoresho vy’izuba vyagumye bimeze neza, bigabanya itandukaniro ry’ibiciro hagati y’ibikoresho vy’izuba-gusa n’ibikoresho vy’izuba vyinjijwe. ITC ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika 30% ikoreshwa ku giciro ca sisitemu yose hamwe iyo amabateri akoresha nibura 75% bivuye ku zuba ry’aho hantu, bikaba bituma habaho inyungu nyinshi z’imisoro.
Intara zitagira porogarama zo gupima umuriro-aho amashirahamwe y'amazi adatanga indishi ku zuba ryinshi ryoherezwa hanze ku ruzitiro-bituma ububiko bwa bateri buba ari ngirakamaro mu vy'ubutunzi aho kuba ubusabe. Hawaii, Nevada, n’ibice bimwe bimwe vya California vyakuyeho canke bigabanya cane amafaranga y’ugupima, bisobanura ko izuba ry’umutaga ryinshi rifise agaciro gatoyi ata kubika kugira ngo igihe-kihindure izo nguvu zibe amasaha y’umugoroba.
Ico kibazo co kugabanya na co nyene kiratuma hafatwa ingingo zo gukoresha ububiko. Iyo izuba ryinjiye mu mirongo y’ugukwiragiza amazi mu karere rirenze 30-40%, amashirahamwe y’amazi ashobora kugabanya ukwemererwa kw’uguhuza canke agasaba ko bigabanywa mu bihe vy’ugutanga amashanyarazi birenze urugero. Ububiko bwa bateri burashoboza gufata ibikorwa vyari gutakaza, bikabungabunga ubutunzi bw’umugambi igihe ugugabanya bibaye ngombwa.
Amahirwe y'amafaranga yinjira mu bikorwa vy'uruja n'uruza
Ivyuma biteye imbere bikurikirana inzira nyinshi z’amahera zirenga ibikorwa vyo ku kibanza mu kwifatanya n’amasoko y’amashanyarazi n’imigambi y’ubuhinga. Ivyo bisaba uburyo buteye imbere bwo gucunga inguvu no gutahura imiterere y’isoko ryo mu karere.
Ibikorwa vyo gucungera incuro bisubiza inyuma amabateri kubera uguhindura ubushobozi vyihuse bigumya ugushikama kw'uruzitiro. Amasoko nka PJM, CAISO, na ERCOT ariha amafaranga y’ubushobozi gusa kubera ukuboneka hamwe n’amafaranga y’inguvu kubera ivyoherezwa vy’ukuri. Bateri ya 1 MW/1 MWh ishobora kuronka amadolari 50.000-150.000 ku mwaka bivuye ku gutegeka incuro, naho nyene ukuzura kw’isoko mu turere tumwetumwe kwatumye ibiciro biva ku rugero rwo hejuru.
Porogaramu zo kwishura ku bisabwa zitanga amahera yo kugabanya ugukoresha mu gihe c'imibabaro y'uruja n'uruza. Ivyumba vy’ubudandaji bifise ubushobozi bwa 500+ kW birashobora kugira uruhara, bikaronka amadolari 25-75 ku kW ku mwaka kubera ukwiyemeza hamwe n’amahera y’inguvu mu gihe c’ibirori. Bateri y’amashanyarazi 1000 kWh iratuma umuntu ashobora kugira uruhara ata guhungabanya ibikorwa, akarungika inguvu zibitswe iyo ahamagawe aho kugabanya ibikoresho vyo gukora.
Amasoko y’ubushobozi mu turere nka PJM na ISO-NE ariha amageneratore kugira ngo akomeze ubushobozi buriho. Uburyo bwo kubika amabateri buhuye n’ibisabwa vy’igihe gitoyi (mu bisanzwe amasaha 2-4) burashobora kwishurwa ubushobozi bw’amadolari 30-150 ku mwaka wa kW, bikaba bitanga inyungu no mu bihe vy’ukutarungika.
Ubutunzi bw’ibikorwa vy’uruja n’uruza buvana cane n’aho umuntu ari. Ibiciro vy’isoko rya Texas ERCOT vyerekanye uguhinduka gukomeye mu 2024, ibiciro vy’ubudandaji biva ku gaciro kabi mu bihe vy’ubuhinga burengeye-kugeza ku madolari 5.000/MWh mu bihe vy’ubukene. Amasoko ya CAISO yo muri California yerekanye 61% vy’ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga-vyibanda cane muri California na Texas cane cane kubera imibereho myiza y’isoko.
Ariko rero, kugira uruhara mw’isoko bisaba ubushobozi bwo gukora buteye imbere. Porogaramu yo gutuma ibikorwa bigenda neza igihe nyaco, ubuhinga bwo gutanga amasoko ku masoko, n’ivyemezo vy’ibikorwa bituma ibikorwa bigorana bidakwiye ibikorwa vyinshi vy’ubudandaji. Abafatanyabikorwa b’umugwi wa gatatu-barushiriza gutanga inyishu zitandukanye, gucunga uruhara mw’isoko no gutuma inyungu zigenda neza mu gihe batanga amahera yizewe ku bafise itunga.
Intumbero-Ibisabwa kugira ngo ushobore gusubiza inyuma
Ivyumba bisaba ibikorwa bitahagaze kubera umutekano w’ubuzima, ubutungane bw’amakuru, canke ugukomeza gukora bikwiye gusuzuma uburyo bw’amabateri y’amashanyarazi 1000 kWh nk’inkomoko y’inguvu z’intango canke z’inyongera.
Ibibanza vy'amakuru bisaba N+1 redundancy, bisobanura ubushobozi bwo gusubiza inyuma burenze ivyipfuzo vy'isonga. Ikigo c’amakuru gifise ubushobozi bwa 500 kW coshobora gukoresha ubushobozi bwa UPS bwa 750 kW hamwe n’ubufasha bw’umuyagankuba. Kwongerako bateri y’amashanyarazi 500 kW/1000 kWh bitanga amasaha 2 y’ugusubirana kw’umuzigo wuzuye, bigabanya igihe co gutangura umuyagankuba no gutanga ubushobozi busukuye, bwihuta-kurusha amageneratore ya dizeli asanzwe.
Ivyumba vy’ubuvuzi birahura n’ibisabwa ku bijanye n’amashanyarazi y’ivyihutirwa ariko birarushiriza kurondera ubundi buryo busukuye kuruta amageneratore ya dizeli. Ivyuma bikomeye vy’ibitaro akenshi biva kuri 300-800 kW, bikaba bituma ubuhinga bwa 1000 kWh bugira ubunini bukwiye bw’ibibanza vyo kubagiramwo, ibikoresho vya ICU, n’ibikorwa remezo bihambaye. Uburyo bwa bateri buratanga inyishu ubwo nyene ugereranyije n’ibihe vy’uguhindura umuyagankuba mu masegonda 10-15, bikaba bikuraho ugucika kw’amashanyarazi gushobora gutera akaga.
Ivyumba vy'ubuhinga bifise umurongo w'ubuhinga bishobora gushikirwa n'ibibazo vy'uburyo bw'amashanyarazi bikoresha amabateri kugira ngo bishobore gutwara-mu gihe amashanyarazi agenda aragabanuka n'igihe amashanyarazi agenda arazima. Ivy’uguhingura ibikoresho bikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba, ivy’uguhingura imiti, n’ivy’uguhingura ibintu bikomeza bihura n’ibiciro vy’amadolari 50.000-500.000 ku guhagarika kw’ibikorwa, ivyo bikaba bituma gushiramwo ubushobozi bwo gusubiza inyuma biba vyiza mu vy’ubutunzi.
Ingingo igereranya ububiko bwa bateri n'ububiko bwa kera bushingiye ku muyagankuba-. Ibiciro vy'intango bingana n'ivyo -umuyagankuba w'amashanyarazi w'amashanyarazi 1000 kW ufise ama switch yihindura amadolari 150.000-250.000 mu gihe umurongo w'amabateri ugereranywa n'uwo ushobora gutwara amadolari 200.000-300.000. Ariko rero, itandukaniro ry’ibiciro vy’ibikorwa rirahambaye cane.
Uburyo bw’amabateri burakuraho igiciro c’amavuta, busaba gusanasana bike (2-5% vy’igiciro c’uburyo ku mwaka ugereranije na 5-10% ku mageneratore), ntibutanga imyuka mibi, kandi butanga igihe co gusubiza vuba. Ivyumba vyo muri California no mu zindi leta zifise amategeko akomeye agenga uburyo bw’umuyaga birahura n’ingorane zirushirizaho zo kwemerera amageneratore akoresha dizele, ivyo bikaba bituma ububiko bw’amabateri buba bwiza cane mu kwirinda imitwaro yo kwubahiriza amategeko.
Ibikorwa vy'ukwihangana bikunda uburyo bumara igihe kirekire-. Naho amabateri menshi y’urugero rwa grid-akora neza mu kiringo c’amasaha 2-4, ibikorwa bisaba ubushobozi bwo gusubiza inyuma bikwiye gusuzuma uburyo bw’amasaha 4-8 bufatanya ubushobozi bwinshi bw’inguvu n’ubushobozi buringaniye. Igikoresho c’amashanyarazi gifise ubushobozi bwa 500 kW/2000 kWh gitanga amasaha 4 yo gufasha, kibereye ibikorwa biri mu bice bishobora guhagarara igihe kirekire kubera inkubi y’umuyaga, umuriro w’ishamba, canke ukudashikama kw’uruzitiro.
Ibikorwa vy'inganda n'ivy'ubuhinga
Ivyumba binini binini vy’ubuhinga bigereranya abashobora gukoreshwa neza kubera ko bikoresha inguvu nyinshi, amafaranga menshi asaba, n’uguhinduranya ibikorwa ku bijanye n’ingene ingamba zo gucunga umuzigo zikoreshwa.
Ivyumba bifise ibikoresho bikomeye canke imizigo y’ibikorwa bituma habaho ivyifuzo vyinshi bikwiye kwiyumvira gukoresha amabateri iyo amafaranga y’ibisabwa ku kwezi arenga amadolari 10.000 kandi imizigo yerekana amasaha 2-4 y’igihe c’isonga. Amaduka akora ivyuma, akora amapulasitike, amahinguriro atunganya ibifungurwa be n’amahinguriro akoranya imodoka, ni vyo akenshi vyerekana ivyo bintu.
Uguhinduranya urutonde rw'ibikorwa bishoboza ingamba zikomeye zo gukoresha bateri. Ivyuma birashobora guhindura imizigo idahambaye mu bihe vy'ijoro, bikoresheje amabateri kugira ngo bikoreshe ibikorwa bihambaye mu masaha y'ijoro azimvye. Igikoresho co guhingura amapulasitike gishobora gukora ibikorwa vy’intango mu masaha y’izuba yo mu gicugu no mu bihe vy’ijoro, hakoreshejwe ububiko bwa bateri kugira ngo rihe ubushobozi ubuhinga bwo gufasha mu bihe vy’ijoro.
Ivyabaye mu gutangura kw’imoteri biratuma haba ingorane cane cane ku bijanye n’ugusaba. Amakompreseri manini, amapompo, n’ibikoresho vyo gukora bishobora gukura incuro 5-10 ubushobozi bugereranywa mu gihe co gutangura, bikaba bituma habaho isonga ry’ugusaba ry’igihe gito ariko rizimvye. Uburyo bw’amabateri bufise ubushobozi bwo kwishura ningoga burashobora gutanga ubushobozi mu gihe c’ivyo bintu vy’igihe gito, bikabuza isonga rishasha ry’ivyo umuntu asaba ataco rihinduye ku mikorere y’ibikoresho.
Ivyumba vy'inganda birarushiriza gukurikirana ivyemezo vy'amahera y'ivyo bisabwa-ivyategekanijwe imbere y'igihe vy'ivyo bisabwa vy'agaciro kanini munsi y'aho ububiko bugumya ugukoresha. Ivyo bituma ingengo y’imari y’amashanyarazi ishobora gutegekanirwa aho kugira ngo ingengo y’imari y’amashanyarazi igere ku ntumbero zitari zitezwe zituma ibiciro vyiyongera. Igikoresho gishinga ingwati y’ugusaba 1 MW gifise bateri y’amashanyarazi 500 kW/1000 kWh gishobora gucapura isonga ry’amashanyarazi ashika kuri 500 kW mu masaha 2, kigakingira ingendo zisaba ziringaniye.
Ivyumba vy’ubushuhe n’inguvu (CHP) bihurikiye hamwe biraheza bikangukira ku kubika ibintu bikongera ubushobozi bwo gukora. Uburyo bwa bateri burashoboza gufata umuyagankuba urenze urugero wa CHP, gutuma habaho uguhinduka kw’ibisohoka, no gutanga ubushobozi bwongereweko mu bihe aho umuzigo w’ubushuhe udashobora gutuma CHP ikora. Ivyo bitera imbere ubutunzi muri rusangi mu kugabanya ubushobozi bwoherezwa hanze no kwongera ikoreshwa ry'urubuga.
Igihe co gutegura umugambi
Igihe co gushiramwo gifise ingaruka nyinshi ku giciro c’umugambi, ku kuboneka kw’inkurikizi, no ku nyungu z’ibikorwa. Ibintu vyinshi vy’igihe biragira ico bikoze ku rutonde rwiza rwo gutanga.
Ikibanza c'umurongo w'uguhuza ni ikintu gihambaye cane ku migambi isaba guhuza ibikorwa. Igihe co gukora umurongo ubu kiri hagati y’amezi 18-36 mu turere twinshi, n’ugucererwa kure cane gusanzwe mu masoko ya California no mu Buraruko bushira Ubuseruko. Ibikorwa bitegura kwagura bikwiye gutangura inyigisho z’uguhuza imyaka 2-3 imbere y’amatariki y’ibikorwa yipfuzwa, cane cane ku migambi irenga 1 MW.
Ivyiyumviro vyerekeye inguzanyo y'imisoro ya Leta biragira ico bikoze ku ngingo z'igihe. Inguzanyo y’Ikori ry’Ishoramari ry’ibice 30% ku mirongo y’ububiko ubu irashika mu 2032, hanyuma igabanuka ikagera kuri 26% ku mirongo itanguye kwubakwa mu 2033. Imigambi ikwiye gushika ku rwego rw’ibikorwa imbere y’uko hagabanywa inkurikizi kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gufata agaciro kanini. Ariko rero, imigambi ishobora guhabwa inguzanyo z’agashimwe-ikorera imiryango ifise amafaranga make-ikoresha ibirimwo mu gihugu, canke iri mu mibano y’inguvu-ishobora gufata inguzanyo z’inyongera 10-20% mbere n’aho izogabanywa muri kazoza.
Ugukekeranya kw’ibiciro n’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho mu 2024-2025 bituma igihe kigorana. Ivyiyumviro vy’amakori biriho ubu birasonerwa ibice bimwebimwe vy’amabateri, ariko amahinduka ategekanijwe yoshobora kwongera ibiciro n’ibice 10-25% iyo ashizwe mu ngiro. Abahinguzi bakwiye gusuzuma ibihe vyihuta kugira ngo bashobore gufunga ibiciro biriho ubu canke baganira ku masezerano ya EPC y’igiciro gihoraho akingira ugutera imbere kw’ibiciro.
Inzinguzingu z'ibiciro vy'amazi n'amazi zigira ico zikoze ku gushirwaho neza. Iyo amashirahamwe y’amazi ashizeho imiterere mishasha y’ibiciro yongera amafaranga yo gusaba canke agashira mu ngiro urutonde rw’ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga butari bwiza, imigambi iriho iratakaza ubushobozi bwo gukwegera abantu mu vy’ubutunzi. Ivyumba biri mu turere dufise umugambi wo kwongerwa ibiciro bikwiye kwihutisha gukoreshwa kugira ngo bibe vyiza mu myaka myinshi y’ubutunzi.
Ibiciro vy’amashanyarazi biva ku bihe biragira ico bikoze ku mibare y’amahera azigamiwe ku mwaka. Gukoresha amabateri imbere y'ibihe vy'isonga vy'icuma mu bihugu vyo mu bumanuko canke isonga ry'imbeho mu turere two mu buraruko bituma agaciro k'umwaka wa mbere-kagira akamaro kanini. Igikoresho co muri Texas gikoreshwa muri Ndamukiza gifata agaciro kose kuva muri Ruheshi-Nzero igihe ibiciro vya ERCOT biduga, mu gihe gikoreshwa muri Gitugutu kibura ibihe vy’agaciro kanini-.
Uburenganzira bwo kugira uruhara mw’isoko busaba gutegura imbere y’igihe. Amategeko agenga incuro n’amasoko y’ubushobozi akenshi aragira ibihe vyo kwiyandikisha amezi menshi imbere y’uko uruhara rutangura. ERCOT isaba imisi 60-90 kugira ngo umuntu ashobore guhabwa uburenganzira, mu gihe amacakubiri y’ubushobozi bwa PJM aba imyaka 3 imbere y’imyaka yo gutanga. Imigambi ikurikirana inyungu z’ibikorwa vy’uruja n’uruza ikwiye gutangura ibikorwa vyo guhabwa uburenganzira amezi 6-12 imbere y’amatariki y’ibikorwa yipfuzwa.
Inzego z'Isesengura ry'Ivy'Imari
Gukoresha amabateri y’amashanyarazi 1000 kWh bisaba ubuhinga bukomeye bw’ivy’ubutunzi bushiramwo amafaranga yose n’amahera yinjira mu kiringo cose umugambi uzomara.
Igiciro cose c’umutungo gishobora kuba kiri hagati y’amadolari 800.000-1.200.000 ku bikoresho vy’amashanyarazi 1 MWh, harimwo amabateri (amadolari 500.000-700.000), ibikoresho vyo guhindura amashanyarazi (amadolari 150.000-250.000), amahera asigaye y’ibikoresho, n’amadolari 100.000. (amadolari 50.000-100.000). Ibintu vyerekeye ahantu nk’imishinge, ibikorwa remezo vy’amashanyarazi, n’ugutanga uruhusha bishobora kwongera 10-30% ku giciro c’ishimikiro.
Amafaranga y’ibikorwa vy’umwaka arimwo ugusanasana (2-5% vy’igiciro c’itunga), ubwishingizi (1-2% bw’igiciro c’itunga), uburyo bwo kugenzura no kugenzura ($10,000-25,000), n’ugushobora kwongerera amabateri inyuma y’imyaka 5-7 (15-25% y’igiciro c’intango c’amabateri). Uburyo bwo gutanga umusoro ku mutungo buratandukanye hakurikijwe ububasha, aho intara zimwe zimwe zitanga ugusonerwa ku bijanye no kubika inguvu mu gihe izindi zipima agaciro kose.
Inkomoko z’amahera zisaba gupima neza igitigiri. Agaciro k’ugugabanya amafaranga y’ivyo usaba kangana n’amahera umuntu azigama ku kwezi incuro z’amezi 12, mu bisanzwe amadolari 50.000-150.000 ku mwaka ku bikoresho vy’amashanyarazi 500 kW. Inguvu artrage biciye mu gutuma TOU ikora neza yongerako amadolari 20.000-80.000 ku mwaka bivanye n’itandukaniro ry’ibiciro. Ibikorwa vy’uruja n’uruza mu masoko akora bitanga amadolari 30.000-100.000 ku mwaka, naho nyene uguhinduka kwinshi bisaba gukoresha uburyo bubereye.
Imiterere y’amahera iragira ico ikoze cane ku nyungu. Gugura amahera bituma umuntu yishura ningoga ariko bisaba amahera menshi imbere y’igihe. Ubutunzi bw'uwundi muntu biciye mu masezerano yo kugura ububasha burakuraho amafaranga y'imbere ariko bugabanura amafaranga yose azigamiwe na 30-50% biciye mu giciro c'abategura. Ivyumba vy’ubukode bitanga uburyo bwo hagati, gucuruza amafaranga amwe amwe azigamiwe kugira ngo umuntu aronke inyungu z’amahera ahita.
Inzego za Leta zituma ubutunzi butera imbere cane. ITC ya 30% igabanya igiciro c’umutungo n’amadolari 240.000-360.000 ku mirongo isanzwe, igatuma umuntu yishura neza kuva ku myaka 8-12 gushika ku myaka 5-8. Porogarama zijanye n’intara nka SGIP yo muri California, porogarama ya SMART yo muri Massachusetts, canke inzego zo kubika ibintu zo muri New York, zongera amadolari 100-400 ku kWh, ivyo bikaba bituma inyungu zirushiriza kuba nziza.
Ibintu bishobora gutuma umuntu agira ingorane bisaba ko umuntu asuzumwa. Ugusenyuka kwa bateri kugabanya ubushobozi na 1-3% ku mwaka, bikagabanya amafaranga umuntu azigama uko igihe kigenda kirarenga. Impinduka z’igiciro c’amashanyarazi zishobora gutuma ubutunzi butera imbere canke bugatera ingorane-kwongerekana kw’ibiciro vy’ugusaba bitera imbere inyungu z’umugambi mu gihe uguhindura igiciro c’amashanyarazi bikuraho imigende y’agaciro k’intango. Ihinduka ry’ibiciro vy’isoko ku bikorwa vy’uruja n’uruza bituma habaho ukudakeka kw’inyungu bisaba ivyiyumviro bihoraho.
Kugereranya n'ubundi bushobozi
Gutahura igihe ubuhinga bwa 1000 kWh bufise insiguro ugereranije n’ubundi buryo buto canke bunini bifasha gufata neza ingingo zo gukoresha.
Ivyumba bifise ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ubushobozi burengeye 300 kW muri rusangi bikwiye gusuzuma uburyo bwo gukoresha 100-500 kWh. Ivyo bikoresho bitobito bigura amadolari 150-400 ku kWh ugereranije n’amadolari 800-1.200 ku kWh ku bikoresho vy’urugero rw’ubuhinga, bikaba vyerekana ubutunzi bw’urugero. Uburyo bw’amashanyarazi 250 kWh bugura amadolari 50.000-75.000 burafasha mu bikorwa vyinshi bitobito vy’ubudandaji mu buryo buzimvye kuruta ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi binini cane bifise megawatt.
Ku rundi ruhande, ibikorwa birenze 2 MW vy’agaciro kanini bikwiye gusuzuma uburyo bwa 2-5 MWh bufata ubutunzi bwinshi bw’urugero. Igiciro ca -kWh kigabanuka kikaja ku madolari 600-900 ku mirongo y’amashanyarazi menshi-megawatt, bigatuma ubutunzi bw’umugambi butera imbere biciye mu kugabanya igiciro ku -iciro. Uburyo bushingiye ku bikoresho bushobora kwagura-gukoresha ibikoresho 2-4 bishingiye ku rugero rwa 1 MWh bitanga ubushobozi bwo gutera imbere mu gihe bigumya ubushobozi bwo gukora.
Ibisabwa mu gihe bifata ingingo z’ubushobozi kuruta ibisabwa mu bubasha. Ibikorwa bisaba amasaha 6-8 y’igihe co gusohora bikwiye kwerekana ubushobozi bwa 3-4 MWh bufatanijwe n’ububasha bwa 500-1000 kW, bikaba bituma haba ubushobozi bwo gusohora bwagutse. Ku rundi ruhande, ibikorwa bikeneye amashanyarazi menshi mu kiringo gito bishobora gukoresha ubuhinga bwa 2 MW/1 MWh butanga iminota 30 y’ugusohoka-bibereye mu kwirinda ugukenera kw’amashanyarazi ata gihe kirekire co gukoresha.
Ubushobozi bwa 1000 kWh bugereranya "ahantu heza" ku bikorwa vyinshi vy'ubudandaji n'ivy'inganda zidakomeye, bihuza ubushobozi buhagije kugira ngo hagire ingaruka zifise insiguro n'ibiciro bishobora gutunganirizwa n'ugusobanuka. Sisitemu kuri uru rugero zishobora guhabwa igiciro c'urugero rw'ibikorwa-mu gihe ziguma ari nto bihagije kugira ngo zibe zishobora kwemererwa no gushirwa ku bibanza vy'ubudandaji.
Ivyumba bitazi neza ubunini bwiza bikwiye gukora ubushakashatsi burambuye, bigasuzuma amakuru y’ibipimo vy’iminota 15 mu mezi 12-24. Ivyo birerekana uburyo nyabwo bw’isonga, igihe bisabwa, n’uguhinduka kw’ibihe bimenyesha ingingo zitagira amahinyu zo gupima. Abahinguzi benshi baratanga inyigisho z’ubuntu ku buntu bakoresheje amakuru y’ibipimo vy’ubuhinga kugira ngo bashireho ubushobozi n’imiterere bikwiye.
Ivyiyumviro vyerekeye amategeko n'ukwemerera
Kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gukoresha neza ivyo bikorwa bisaba kugendera mu nzira zikomeye zitandukanye cane hakurikijwe ububasha.
Ibisabwa vyo guhuza bigenda vyiyongera cane hejuru ya 500 kW, biva ku migenderanire yihuta-bija ku nyigisho z’ingaruka zitomoye. Uburyo bwo guhuza amageneratore mato mato bushobora gushika kuri 1-2 MW, bisobanura ko ubuhinga bwa 1 MWh akenshi bushobora gusubirwamwo neza. Ariko rero, ingorane zo gukwiragiza amazi mu karere zirashobora gutuma habaho ugusubiramwo ivyuma bizimvye mbere no ku migambi iri munsi ya MW 1, bikaba bisaba ko umuntu akorana hakiri kare n’amashirahamwe y’amazi.
Uruhusha rwo kwubaka n'amategeko y'umuriro nivyo bigenzura ibisabwa vyo gushiramwo. NFPA 855 itanga ingingo ngenderwako z’igihugu ku bijanye no gushiramwo amabateri, ariko inzego z’ubutungane zo mu karere zishira mu ngiro insobanuro zitandukanye n’ibindi bisabwa. Ibisabwa bikomeye vy’umutekano vya California bikurikira itegeko ry’umuriro rya Arizona BESS ryo mu 2019 vyatumye habaho ugutahura umuriro, uburyo bwo kuwuzimya, n’ugutegura inyishu zihutirwa, bituma amafaranga yo gushiramwo umuriro yongerekana n’ibice 10-20% ugereranije n’intara zidafise amategeko menshi.
Ivyiyumviro vy’ibidukikije bishobora gutangura hakurikijwe amategeko agenga ibidukikije canke amategeko y’intara. Imigambi iri hafi y’ibikoresho bishobora kwakira amajwi bisaba gusuzuma ingaruka z’urusaku, kuko uburyo bwo gukonjesha n’ubuhinga bwa elegitoronike bw’amashanyarazi bitanga 50-70 dBA ku mipaka y’uburyo. Ivyerekeye ingaruka z’amaso birahambaye ku bikoresho bishirwa hafi y’amazu, bishobora gusaba gutunganya ahantu canke gusuzumwa.
Ugushikiriza ibice nivyo bigena ikoreshwa ryemewe. Gucapura uturere tw'inganda kenshi vyemeza gushiramwo amabateri ku burenganzira, mu gihe uturere tw'ubudandaji canke tw'ikoreshwa rivanze-tushobora gusaba uruhusha rwo gukoresha. Hariho inzego zimwe zimwe zigenzura ububiko bwa bateri hakurikijwe insobanuro z'ibikorwa, zigatuma habaho ibisabwa vy'uburenganzira canke ubugenzuzi bwa komisiyo y'ibikorwa mbere no ku bijanye n'inyuma-y'-imetero.
Uruhusha rwo gukoresha ibikoresho bishobora gutera akaga rushobora gukoreshwa, cane cane ku bikoresho vya litiyumu-ion birenze imipaka y’ububasha-kenshi 50-100 kWh. Ivyo bisaba imigambi y’ubudandaji y’ibikoresho bishobora gutera akaga, amategeko yo gufasha mu bihe vyihutirwa, n’ugusuzuma buri mwaka, ivyo bikaba vyongera amadolari 5.000-15.000 ku mwaka ku giciro c’ibikorwa.
Ibisabwa mu bijanye n’ubwishingizi birakwiye kwitwararikwa hakiri kare. Amategeko y’uburenganzira rusangi bw’ubudandaji akenshi avuga ku gushiramwo amabateri, ariko abashingira intahe bararushiriza gusaba abagendera ku mafarasi bashobora kubika inguvu. Ibiciro vy’ugukingira biva ku madolari 3.000-8.000 kuri MW ku mwaka, n’ibiciro bito vy’ubuhinga bwa LFP ugereranije na NMC kubera amakuru meza cane yerekeye umutekano w’umuriro.
Ibibazo bikunze kwibazwa
Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akoreshe ubuhinga bwa bateri y’amashanyarazi 1000 kWh?
Igihe co guheza umugambi kiva ku mezi 9-24 bivanye n’ingene ahantu hameze be n’ingene amategeko agoranye. Ivy’ugukora n’uguhingura bisaba amezi 2-3, kwemererwa gukorana n’ibindi bikoresho bifata amezi 4-12, gutanga uruhusha vyongera amezi 2-6, kandi kwubaka no gutangura gukoresha bifata amezi 2-4. Texas n’ayandi masoko atagira amategeko yerekana igihe c’amezi 6-12 gica vuba, mu gihe California n’uturere dufise ingorane zo gukorana n’abandi akenshi bisaba amezi 18-30.
Ni igiki gikenewe kugira ngo umuntu akoreshe 1000 kWh?
Uburyo bw'amabateri ya litiyumu-ion busaba kwitaho bike ugereranije n'ibikoresho vya kera. Igenzura ry’ahantu buri kwezi kwa gatatu rigenzura ko rikora neza, igerageza ry’amashanyarazi buri mwaka rigenzura amahuzu n’uburyo bwo gucungera umutekano, kandi guhindura porogarama buri mwaka bibiri-bituma ikora neza. Ibiciro vyose vyo gusanasana bifata 2-5% vy’igiciro ca sisitemu ku mwaka, canke $16,000-60,000 ku bikoresho 1 MWh. Benshi mu bahinga baratanga amasezerano y’imyaka 5-10 y’ibikorwa bifatanya n’ugusanasana n’ingwati z’ibikorwa.
Mbega amabateri y’amashanyarazi 1000 kWh yoshobora gusubirwamwo canke kwagurwa mu nyuma?
Uburyo bw’ibice bushobora kwagura ubushobozi bugororotse biciye mu bikoresho canke mu bikoresho vy’inyongera. Igikoresho gikoresha igikoresho kimwe c’amashanyarazi 1 MWh gishobora kwongerako ikindi mu nyuma, bikaba bishobora gutuma ubushobozi bugera kuri 2 MWh. Ariko rero, ubuhinga bwa elegitoronike bw’amashanyarazi n’ubushobozi bwo gukorana bitegerezwa kwakira ukwaguka kwateguwe-inverters zidafise ubunini buke canke ubushobozi budahagije bw’abahinduzi bisaba gusubiramwo ibintu bizimvye. Ivyiza ni uguhingura ibikorwa remezo vy’amashanyarazi ku bushobozi bwa mbere bwa 1,5-2× igihe ukwaguka muri kazoza bisa n’ibishoboka.
None bigenda gute iyo garanti ya bateri iheze?
Bateri nyinshi za litiyumu zifise imyaka 10-15 zitanga garanti 70-80% y'ubushobozi ku mpera-y'igihe -. Inyuma ya-ibikorwa vy'igarantiya birabandanya n'ubushobozi bugenda bugabanuka, naho uburyo busanzwe buguma bukora imyaka myinshi y'inyongera. Ubushobozi bushobora kugabanuka bukagera kuri 60-70% mu mwaka wa 20, bugatanga ubufasha ngirakamaro naho nyene ububiko bw’inguvu bugabanuka. Ukwongerekana kw’amabateri-kwongera ibice bishasha kugira ngo umuntu asubire kugira ubushobozi-bitwara hafi 40-60% vy’ibiciro vya sisitemu nshasha kandi bikongera ubuzima bw’ingirakamaro iyindi myaka 5-10.
Gufata ingingo: Urutonde rw'ingingo
Ivyumba bikwiye gusuzuma gukoresha amabateri y’amashanyarazi 1000 kWh iyo ibi bihuye: amafaranga y’amashanyarazi ku kwezi arenga $30,000, amafaranga y’ugusaba agizwe n’ibice birenga 35% vy’amafaranga yose, ibihe vy’ugusaba vyinshi bimara amasaha 2-4 ku musi, umutungo uriho canke amafaranga y’amadolari 800-100,000. 400-600 feet kare zo gushiramwo ibikoresho, n’imyaka 5 n’imiburiburi gukoreshwa kw’ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bituma umuntu ashobora kwishura.
Harura amafaranga yo kuzigama mu kugwiza ugugabanya ivyipfuzo vy’agaciro (mu kW) n’igipimo c’amahera y’ugusaba ($/kW/ukwezi) n’amezi 12, wongereko amafaranga yo kuzigama y’inguvu avuye mu gutwara amagare ku musi ku musi biciye mu bihe vya TOU. Gereranya n'ibiciro vyose vyashizweho ukuremwo inkurikizi zikoreshwa kugira ngo umenye igihe co kwishura. Imigambi yerekana imyaka 4-8 yoroshe kwishura ata mahera yinjira mu bikorwa vy’uruja n’uruza, mu bisanzwe igenda yizigiye, mu gihe imigambi y’ukwishura igihe kirekire isaba inyungu y’ibikorwa vy’uruja n’uruza canke ibindi bimenyetso vy’ingene umuntu akora.
Gukorana n’abahinguzi bashoboye hakiri kare kugira ngo basuzume mbere y’igihe ko bishoboka bakoresheje amakuru nyayo y’ibipimo vy’amazi. Abahinguzi b’ibintu bazwi cane baratanga inyigisho z’ubuntu zisesangura amakuru y’amezi 12-24 kugira ngo umugambi uzigame, bagatanga impanuro ku bijanye n’imiterere y’imirongo, kandi bagatanga ubutunzi bw’intango. Kuronka ivyiyumviro 3-5 vy’uguhiganwa kugira ngo haboneke igiciro c’isoko n’imiterere y’uburyo bukwiye.
Ikintu gihambaye cane, ntucereze isuzuma rishingiye ku vyitezwe ko ibiciro bizogabanuka muri kazoza. Naho ibiciro vy’amabateri bibandanya kugabanuka, imyaka umuntu azigama atakaje mu kurindira akenshi irarenga ukugabanya ibiciro vy’inyongera. Ibiciro bito biriho ubu, inkurikizi nyinshi za Leta gushika mu 2032, n’inyungu z’ibikorwa zica ziza, bituma umwaka w’2024-2025 uba idirisha ryiza ryo gushiramwo ibikorwa vy’ibikorwa bihuye n’ingingo zavuzwe haruguru.