Ububiko bw'inguvu z'umuyagankubaahanini birimwo ububiko bw’inguvu z’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none n’ububiko bw’inguvu z’ubuhinga bwa none. Ico ca mbere kibika inguvu z’umuyagankuba mu kibanza c’umuyagankuba, ica kabiri na co kibika inguvu z’umuyagankuba mu kibanza c’umuyagankuba. Ububiko bw’inguvu z’umuyagankuba burafise akamaro kanini mu bijanye n’uburemere bw’inguvu n’ubuzima bw’ingendo, burashobora kugabanya ingaruka z’uguzima kw’inguvu mu kanya nk’ako gukubita, guhagarika uguhungabana kw’inguvu z’incuro nto-mu ruzitiro, no gutuma umuriro n’incuro zigenda neza.
Ububiko bw'inguvu bw'umuyagankuba
Supercapacitors, zizwi kandi nk’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi, ni ibikoresho vy’ububiko bw’inguvu bibika inguvu biciye mu kwirundanira kw’inguvu ku ruhande rw’ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi. Uburyo bwavyo bwo kubika inguvu buratandukanye n’amabateri ya kera; zibika inguvu biciye ku nzira y’umuyagankuba ivugwa n’uruzitiro rubiri ku nzira y’umuyagankuba-umuyagankuba. Supercapacitors zifise ubushobozi bwinshi cane, ubuzima burebure cane, n’ubushobozi bwo gukura umuriro vyihuta, gutyo zigakoreshwa cane mu modoka zikoresha umuyagankuba, uburyo bwo guhagarika umuriro, uburyo bwo guhagarika umuriro, n’ugutunganya incuro z’uruzitiro. Ariko rero, uburemere bw’inguvu z’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none (supercapacitors) ni buke cane, ni buke cane kuruta ubw’amabateri ya litiyumu-ion, ivyo bikaba bituma zishobora gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bisaba ibikorwa vy’igihe gito-, vy’inguvu nyinshi-. Mu gihe kizoza, kubera iterambere ry’ubuhinga bw’ibikoresho, uburemere bw’inguvu z’ibikoresho bikomeye cane vyitezwe ko buzorushirizaho kwiyongera, gutyo bigatuma bikoreshwa cane mw’isoko ryo kubika inguvu.
Ivyuma bikomeye cane bishobora gushirwa mu mice itatu: ivyuma bikomeye vy’umuyagankuba vy’imirongo ibiri-, ivyuma bikomeye cane vy’umuyagankuba vy’imirongo ibiri, n’ivyuma bikomeye cane vy’umuyagankuba vy’imirongo ibiri. Ivyuma bikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba bikoresha ibikoresho vy’umuyagankuba nk’ibikoresho vy’umuyagankuba, aho ugutandukanya umuriro kuba ku nzira ikomeye-y’amazi ivugwa n’ugukorana n’umuyagankuba, bikaba bituma haba umuyagankuba w’ibice bibiri-. Izo capacitors zica mu nzira z’ugufata n’ugukuraho umuriro w’umubiri mu gihe c’ugushaja n’ugusohora. Naho ama capacitors y’umuyagankuba afise ibice bibiri-afise ubushobozi bwinshi kandi akamara igihe kirekire, ubushobozi bwayo burake cane. Ubu, ivyo bikoresho vyarashitse ku gukoreshwa mu bucuruzi.
Faraday capacitors zikoresha ivyuma vy’ivyuma canke ivyuma bishobora gutwara umuriro nk’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi, aho ubushobozi bwo gufata umuriro bushingwa biciye mu bikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwa redox ku ruhande n’uturere tw’ivyo bikoresho. Ingingo ngenderwako y’ugukora kw’ubwo bwoko bw’ivyuma bifata umuriro isa n’ingene bigenda mu bateri; n'uburebure bw'uburebure bw'amashanyarazi busa n'ubwo, burashobora gutanga ubushobozi incuro nyinshi bw'ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi bufise ibice bibiri-. Ariko rero, ku bijanye n’ibiranga ubushobozi bw’ugusohoka kw’amashanyarazi menshi mu kanya nk’ako gukubita be n’ubuzima bw’ingendo, ama capacitors ya Faraday ntakora neza nk’ama capacitors y’umuyagankuba afise imirongo ibiri-. Ikindi kandi, ama capacitors ya Faraday na yo nyene arahura n’ingorane nk’ibiciro vyinshi vyo kuyakora be n’ubuhinga butarakura neza.
Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none (hybrid supercapacitors) birazwi cane kubera inguvu nyinshi bifise be n’ubuzima buramba. Naho ubu ziri mu ntango z’ubudandaji, zifise ubushobozi bwinshi cane bwo gutera imbere muri kazoza.
Ububiko bw'inguvu zitwara umuyagankuba
Ububiko bw'inguvu zitwara umuyagankuba ni ubuhinga bwo kubika inguvu zikoreshwa n'umuyagankuba bukoresha inguvu zitwara umuyagankuba kugira ngo zibike inguvu z'umuyagankuba mu gihe zidashobora guhangana n'umuyagankuba. Ingingo ngenderwako yayo y’ugukora ni ugutuma haba umuyagankuba ukomeye biciye ku nzira y’umuriro utaziguye mu gicapo c’umuriro gikomeye cane, gutyo bikabika inguvu, maze bikazirekura biciye ku nzira y’umuyagankuba iyo bikenewe. Kubera ko ama superconducteurs ata n’umwe ashobora guhangana n’ubushuhe buke, ubuhinga bwo kubika inguvu bushobora gushika ku bushobozi bwinshi cane bwo gucapura no gusohora ata nguvu zitakaza. Ikindi kandi, ububiko bw’inguvu zitwara umuriro burengeye ubw’abandi burafise igihe co kwishura vyihuta cane, bugashika ku gucapura no gusohora umuriro mu milisegonda, bikaba bituma bubereye gutunganya umuriro mu kanya nk’ako gukubita no kugenzura incuro mu mice y’umuriro. Ariko rero, igiciro c’uburyo bwo kubika inguvu zishobora gutwara umuriro cane ni kinini cane, ahanini bikaba bigabanywa n’ugutegura ibikoresho bishobora gutwara umuriro mwinshi cane be n’ubuhinga bwo gukonjesha bukoresheje ubuhinga bwa cryogenic. Rero, ibikorwa vy’ubu vyibanda cane ku bikorwa bidasanzwe bisaba ubushobozi bwinshi-, ububiko bw’inguvu bw’igihe gito-, nk’ugushikama kw’uruzitiro n’ibikoresho vya gisirikare.
Ibikoresho bimenyerewe bikoreshwa mu gutwara umuriro birimwo ibikoresho bifise ubushuhe buke nk’ivyo bita Nb-Ti na Nb3Sn, n’ibikoresho bifise ubushuhe bwinshi nk’ivyo bita Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) n’ivyo bita Bismuth Strontium Calcium OCCide (BS). Ivyuma bifise ubushuhe bwinshi -bifise ubushuhe buhambaye kuruta ivyuma bifise ubushuhe buke, bikaba bigabanya ibisabwa vyo gukonjesha kandi bikaba bituma uburyo bwo kubika inguvu bufise ubushuhe bwinshi bukora neza kandi bukaba bufise ubutunzi.