Ukwiyongera kw'ububiko bw'inguvu ku rugero rw'uruzitiro-vyahinduye cane ingene ubuhinga bw'inguvu bucungera igihe c'uguhagarara n'ugusaba kw'isonga. Muri iki gihugu, ingero zibiri z’ubwubatsi zaserutse nk’imiterere ihambaye:uburyo bwo kubika inguvu za bateri(BESS) n'ibikoresho vy'ubwoko bwa station-bishizwe mu bibanza vyubatswe ku ntumbero-. Naho vyose bikora ibikorwa bisa n’ivyo-kubika inguvu z’umuyagankuba ku gihe-ugutuma bihinduwe-filozofiya zavyo z’ubuhinga, ubuhinga bwo gukoresha, n’ibiranga ibikorwa biratandukanye cane. Iryo tandukaniro rifise ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu bw’umugambi, ku gushobora gutera imbere, no ku gucunga umutungo w’igihe kirekire-.
Impinduka y'Ivy'Ibikoresho (N'Igituma Vyabaye)
Nta n’umwe vy’ukuri yateguye ko amakontineri azotwara. Iryo hinduka ryabaye hafi mu mpanuka.
Nko mu mwaka w’2015-2016, abahinguzi bo mu turere twa kure-cane cane ibikorwa vy’ubucukuzi muri Australiya n’ibikorwa vyo gucukura amabuye y’agaciro hanze y’uruzitiro muri Afirika yo munsi ya Sahara-batanguye gusaba ikintu kitasaba amezi atandatu y’ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga. Bari bakeneye ububiko bwoshobora gushika ku kamyo maze bagatangura gukora mu ndwi nkeyi. Inyishu yari iyo kuraba abantu bose mu maso: ayo masandugu nyene y’icuma yari amaze guhindura cane ubuhinga bwo gutwara ibintu kw’isi yose.
Igikoresho c’amafuti 20-ISO (6.1m × 2.4m × 2.6m) canke ikindi gisanzwe c’amafuti 40 ni co cabaye ikintu gisanzwe. Ibintu vyose bica bifatanya imbere: ibikoresho vyo gushiramwo amabateri y’i litiyumu, uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi, ibikoresho vyo gucunga ubushuhe, ibikoresho vyo kuzimya umuriro, ibikoresho vyo kugenzura. Ugushiramwo ibintu bibera mw’ihinguriro, si mu murima. Ukwo ni kwo gutandukanya kw’ingenzi.
Igituma iki gikorwa mu buryo bw'ubuhinga ni ubuhinga bwa mbere-. Igihe Tesla yarungika ibikoresho vyabo vy’i Megapack mu kibanza c’ububiko bw’amashanyarazi ca Hornsdale muri Australiya y’Epfo, igikoresho cose carashitse nk’igikoresho cemewe kandi cageragejwe. Ibikorwa vy'urubuga vyari "plug and play"-ijambo abahinga banka gukoresha ariko abakiriya bakunda kwumva.
Ivy’Imigenzo: Ikibazo Nta N’umwe Ashaka Gusubira Gukora
Aha niho ntegerezwa kuba uwutagira nkunzi ku kintu. Kwandika neza ku bijanye n'ikinyamakuru ca kera-type BESS bimeze nk'ukugwanira imashini za fax. Ivyo bikoresho birakora. Vyaragaragajwe. Bimwe mu bikoresho vy'ububiko bw'uruzitiro bikora igihe kirekire-ku isi bikoresha ubu buryo.
Ariko ubutunzi bwahindutse cane ku buryo inyubakwa nshasha z’imigenzo ziriko ziraba nke hanze y’ibintu vyihariye.
Ivyo bivuzwe, uburyo bwo kubikora buracariho mu bihe bimwebimwe:
Co-ahantu n'ibikoresho biriho
Co-ahantu n'ibikoresho biriho-ibibanza vy'amakuru, amahinguriro, ibibanza vy'amagariyamoshi-aho icumba c'amabateri gishobora gusangira ibikorwa remezo vyo gucunga ubushuhe, uburyo bwo gucungera umutekano, n'abakozi bo gusanasana.
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Ibidukikije vy'ibisagara vyinshi
Ibidukikije vy'ibisagara vyinshiaho ibiciro vy’amazu n’ibindi bibanza ari vyinshi cane kandi ubwubatsi buhagaze ni bwo bushimwa. Inyubakwa y’amabateri y’amagorofa menshi-mu gisagara ca Tokyo canke Manhattan irashobora gushika ku rugero rw’inguvu zidashobora gushika ku buhinga bwo gukoresha ibikoresho. Ushobora guteranya ibikoresho kuva hasi -kugeza -mu gisenge, gutuma ubuhinga bwa HVAC bugenda neza ku nyubakwa, no gukorana n'ibikorwa remezo vy'amashanyarazi biriho mu buryo bwiza cane.
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Ibikoresho binini cane
Ibikoresho binini cane(500MWh+) aho igiciro c’inyuma c’ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga gica kiba gito cane ugereranije n’uguhinduranya imigero y’imigenzo.
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Ikibazo ni uko "marginal" iguma isubira gusobanurwamwo. Haciye imyaka itanu, ikintu cose kirenze 100MWh cari gikunda ubwubatsi bwa kera. Uyu musi iyo nzira kumbure yashitse kuri 300MWh canke irenga, kandi iracariko iraduga.
Uburongozi bw’ubushuhe: Aho ibintu bica bishimisha
Aha niho nshaka kumara umwanya kuko ntaco bimaze.
Utugingo ngengabuzima twa litiyumu-iyon ni ibiremwa bishobora gutahura ubushuhe-. Idirisha ryabo ryiza ry'ibikorwa riri hagati ya degre 15 na degre 35 . Drift hanze y’ico kibanza kandi uriko urabona ukuntu vyihuta gusenyuka, ubushobozi burazimangana, ubushuhe bushobora guhunga. Itandukaniro hagati y’ubuzima bw’umutungo bw’imyaka 12 n’ubuzima bw’umutungo bw’imyaka 7 akenshi riva ku gucunga ubushuhe.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bwahuye cane ku gukonjesha amazi. Amasahani akonje akorana ata guca ku ruhande n’ibice vy’amabateri, akazunguruka glycol-amazi avunga biciye mu nzira yugaye ifatanye n’ibikoresho vyo hanze bikonjesha. Ivyo bihimba vy’ubushuhe birashoboka. Igihe co gusubiza kiranyaruka. Ubushuhe bugenda burahinduka muri bateri buguma hagati ya degre 3-5.
Ivyuma vya kera vyari vyishingikiriza ku bikoresho vyo gukoresha umuyaga mu cumba-. Birakora, ariko ntibikora neza. Umuyaga urafise ubushobozi buteye ubwoba bwo gutwara ubushuhe ugereranije n’amazi. Uheza ugakonja cane kugira ngo ingingo zishushe cane zigume mu mipaka, ivyo bisigura ko ingingo zikonje cane zikora nabi. Inguvu z’ibikoko bishobora gushika kuri 8-12% vy’ubushobozi bwa sisitemu mu bihe vy’ubushuhe ugereranyije na 3-5% ku bikoresho bikonjeshwa n’amazi vyateguwe neza.
Hariho ibibanza bishasha-vyubatswe vyakoresheje uburyo bwo gukonjesha mu mazi-bibika ibice vyose vya bateri mu mazi y'umuyagankuba. Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubushuhe ni ibidasanzwe. Ariko ugusobanuka kw’ibikorwa n’ibisabwa vyo gucunga amazi birafise aho bigarukira ku kwemerwa ku bikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwihariye.
Igitigiri Nta n'umwe Avuga
Abategura umugambi barakunda gusubiramwo imibare ya $/kWh. Ivyo bipimo vy’ubu biri hagati y’amadolari 150-250/kWh ku rugero rw’imiti y’ibikoresho, bivanye n’ubuhinga bwa shimi, igihe bimara, n’aho umuntu aba.
Ariko uwo mubare w’umutwe w’inkuru urapfuka ibirenze ivyo uhishura.
Rimbura ibintu bibiri bishobora gushika ku mugambi w’amashanyarazi 100MWh:
Uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho:
Ibikoresho: ~$18M
Gutegura urubuga: ~$1.2M
Gushiramwo no gutanga: ~$800K
Ihuzwa ry'uruzitiro: ~$2M (bihinduka cane bivanye n'aho biri)
Igihe: amezi 8-14 kuva itegeko gushika igikorwa
Ikibanza ca kera-ubwoko:
Ibikoresho: ~$15M (amabateri na PCS mu vy’ukuri bigura make gatoyi ata gushiramwo ibikoresho)
Ubwubatsi bw'inyubako: ~$4-6M
Gutegura urubuga: ~$2M
Gushiramwo no gutanga: ~$1.5M
Uguhuza uruzitiro: ~$2M
Igihe: amezi 18-30
Umugambi wo gukoresha ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho utwara amahera menshi mu bikoresho bitagira agaciro ariko utwara amahera make mu bindi vyose. Kandi iyo ntandukaniro y’igihe? Igereranya igiciro c’amahirwe kigaragara gake mu migambi y’imigambi. Itunga ry’ububiko rironkera inyungu amezi 12 imbere y’aho rishobora guhindura burundu igiharuro c’ishoramari.
Umuriro n’Umutekano: Inzovu iri mu Gitereko
Sinshobora kwandika iyi nkuru ntavuze ku vyabaye muri Arizona mu 2019, canke muri Victoria mu 2021, canke ku bintu vyinshi vyabaye muri Koreya y’Epfo.
Umuriro w’amabateri si ingorane z’ivyiyumviro. Ni ingorane z’ubuhinga zisaba ko umuntu yitwararikwa cane.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho burafise ivyiza bimwebimwe biva ku vyo umuntu akora. Ukwitandukanya kw’umubiri hagati y’ibice bisigura ko ikintu gihunga ubushuhe mu gitereko kimwe kitaja mu bice bihanahanye. Ivyo gukura umwuka bishobora gutegurwa bica bishika mu gitereko c’ibikoresho. Inyishu y’ivyihutirwa irayoroshe-abazimya umuriro barashobora kwegera, bagashinga uturere two gukingira, bagareka ibice vyari vyarashikiwe n’ingorane bikaturira ataco bitera ingorane ku bibanza vy’abantu.
Ivyabaye muri McMicken muri Arizona vyari vyerekeye igikoresho cari kimaze imyaka hafi ibiri gikora ata ngorane. Kwirundanira kwa gazi mu gihe c’ikintu c’ubushuhe vyatumye haba ibintu vy’uguturika. Abazimya umuriro bafunguye urugi kugira ngo baje gukora itohoza, iyo konteyine yaraturitse. Abantu bane barashizwe mu bitaro.
Inyishu y’inganda yari nziza cane: uburyo bwo kumenya gazi buteye imbere, ibikoresho vy’ugukura umuriro vyihuta, amategeko yasubiwemwo yo gufasha mu gihe c’ivyago vyihutirwa abuza mu buryo butomoye gufungura ibikoresho mu gihe umuntu akekwa ko hari ubushuhe. Igerageza rya UL 9540A ubu ritanga uburyo bumwe bwo gusuzuma ibiranga ukwiragira kw’umuriro.
Ariko ng’iki ico mbona giteye umunezero. Uburyo buhambaye-bw'ibintu vya BESS bikoreshwa mu bikoresho vyatumye habaho iterambere ry'umutekano ryihuta kuruta uburyo bw'ingorane zikwiragiye cane z'ibikoresho vya kera. Iyo hari ikintu kigenda nabi mu gitereko, gica gitera amakuru. Iyo icumba c’amabateri mu kibanza c’inganda gifise ikintu giteye, akenshi gica gishirwa mu rwego rw’impanuka rusangi z’inganda kandi ntigisuzumwa cane.
Ivyo Isoko Rishaka Mu Vy'ukuri .
Nariko ndabona ingene amasoko agenda arahinduka mu myaka mikeyi iheze. Ivyo bihinduka ntibishobora kwihenda.
Haciye imyaka itanu, RFPs zosaba ivyiyumviro vy’ido n’ido ku bijanye n’ibisubizo vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho n’ivy’ibibanza-. Abasuzuma baripfuza kugereranya.
Uyu musi, amasoko menshi y'urugero-asobanura neza uburyo bwo gukoresha. Ivyo gushinga urugero vyacitse ivyo kwikomeza-. Abashoramari baratahura igicuruzwa. Abashingira intahe ubwishingizi barashizeho inzego. Abakozi ba O&M barateguye ubuhinga bwihariye. Ivyo bidukikije vyarakomeye hirya no hino y’ibikoresho.
Ivyo ntibisigura ko uburyo bwa kera buriko burazimangana. Ariko ikibanza cabo kiriko kiragabanuka. Gushiraho ibintu ku buryo busanzwe ku bikorwa vyihariye. Imigambi yo gusubira gusanura ikoresheje ibikorwa remezo biriho. Intara aho ivy’ugutwara ibintu mu bikoresho bigoye.
Igikoresho ca 5MWh n'ibindi
Aha niho ibintu biriko biraja.
Ivyuma vya kera vy’ibikoresho vyari bipakiye kumbure 1-2MWh mu gasandugu k’amafuti 40. Ibintu vy’ubu biva muri CATL, BYD, Tesla, n’ibindi bihora bishika kuri 3-4MWh. Megapack 2 XL isunika igera kuri 4MWh. EnerOne Plus ya CATL ivuga ko itanga 5MWh +.
Ivy’ubuhinga bwa fizike bituma ivyo bigenda: utugingo ngengabuzima dufise inguvu nyinshi (280Ah prismatic LFP yacitse ikintu gisanzwe), uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga ubushuhe bushobora gutuma umuntu ashobora gupakira neza, ubuhinga bwa BMS bufise ubwenge bushobora gukura ubushobozi bwinshi bukoreshwa mu bikoresho bimwe.
Ariko hariho aho bigarukira. Uburemere buca buba ikibazo kiri hafi y'amatoni 35-40-hejuru y'ivyo, uriko urakorana n'ibisabwa vy'ugutwara ibintu bikomeye vy'umwihariko. Uburemere bw’ubushuhe bisigura ko uburyo bwo kwanka ubushuhe bugereranywa ata murongo. Ivy’ugutanga icemezo c’umutekano ku bikoresho bifise ubushobozi bwinshi bifata igihe kirekire kandi bikaba bitwara amahera menshi.
Iciyumviro canje-kandi ni ikigereranyo gusa-ni uko tuzobona isoko ry'ibintu ry'agaciro ahantu hafi 5-6MWh ku kigereranyo c'amafuti 40. Ikirenze ivyo, utangura kwongerako ibikoresho aho kubigwiza. Ivy’ugushiraho ibintu bimwe bimwe biraruta ivyiza biva ku ruhande vyo gushinga ingano ku buryo bubereye.
Iciyumviro cihuse ku vyerekeye ubuhinga bwa shimi
Nahoze ndiko ndandika cane cane ivyerekeye litiyumu iron phosphate (LFP) kuko niho isoko ry'ubuhinga-ry'urugero rwaguye. Ivyerekeye umutekano, ubuzima bw’ingendo, n’inzira y’igiciro bituma ari vyo bihambaye ku bikorwa vy’uruzitiro.
Ariko ntimwirengagize ibizoza.
Sodiyumu-iyoni ni ukuri. CATL ifise imirongo y’ibikorwa iriko irakora. Igitigiri c’inguvu kiri hasi (nk’ibice 80-90% vya LFP), ariko igiciro c’ibikoresho vya mbere n’ugushikama kw’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho biragoye. Ku bijanye n’ububiko buhagaze aho uburemere bw’inguvu z’uburemere bw’isi buhambaye cane, ibikoresho vy’iyon za sodium bishobora gufata umugabane munini mu myaka 3-5.
Solid-state iguma kure cane-kumbure atari ubudandaji ku rugero rw'uruzitiro imbere ya 2030. Ariko iyo ishitse, ingano z'uburongozi bw'ubushuhe zirahinduka rwose. Nta electrolyte y’amazi isobanura ibiranga umutekano bitandukanye cane.
Ivyiyumviro vyanyuma
Ivyo biganiro vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho n’ivy’imigenzo, mu vy’ukuri vyaciwe n’isoko. Amakontineri yaratsinze kuko yatorera umuti ingorane yo gutanga, kandi gutanga ni co cari ikibazo. Ihinduka ry’inguvu ntirigira umwanya wo kurindira ubuhinga busanzwe ku mugambi wose.
Igiguma gishimishije si uguhiganwa hagati y’izo nzira ahubwo ni ugutera imbere kuba mu bikoresho vy’ibikoresho. Ubushobozi buhambaye, uburongozi bwiza bw’ubushuhe, ubufatanye buteye imbere cane n’ibikorwa vy’uruja n’uruza. Ico gikoresho cacitse ikibanza co gushiramwo ibintu.
Ivyashizweho vy'ubwoko bwa kera-bizoguma mu bibanza aho bifise insiguro. Imigambi y’itongo ry’umukara. Ibisagara vyinshi. Ibisabwa bifise ibisabwa bidasanzwe. Ariko ku bijanye n’ugukoresha ububiko bw’ibintu ku rugero rw’uruzitiro-amasaha y’ubushobozi ya gigawatt-yongerwako buri mwaka ku mugabane wose-igikoresho cacitse ikintu nyamukuru co gukoresha.
Ivyo si urukundo. Ivyo ni ivy’ubuhinga. Kandi mu bikorwa remezo, ubuhinga bwo gutwara ibintu ni bwo akenshi butsinda.